CN112352634A - Programmed ecological niche spartina alterniflora regulation and control method - Google Patents
Programmed ecological niche spartina alterniflora regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112352634A CN112352634A CN202011252450.1A CN202011252450A CN112352634A CN 112352634 A CN112352634 A CN 112352634A CN 202011252450 A CN202011252450 A CN 202011252450A CN 112352634 A CN112352634 A CN 112352634A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/06—Calcium compounds, e.g. lime
Abstract
The invention discloses a programmed ecological niche spartina alterniflora regulating and controlling method, which comprises the following steps: step one, selecting seedlings; planting bulrush in the elevation range of 1.5-2m and planting Scirpus maritima and Scirpus maritima in the elevation range of 0.5-1.5 m; step two, preprocessing a planting area; removing stones, garbage and weeds at the bottom of the planting area, cleaning the spartina alterniflora and the roots thereof, fishing the fishes destroying the growth of the aquatic plants in the current area, and transporting the fishes to the nearby area with relatively good current situation in the water area; step three, improving the planting substrate; sterilizing the planting substrate and applying a substrate modifier; step four, planting plants; and planting in a plaque planting mode. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the local plants are adopted in the plain beach area to occupy the space, so that the tendency of outward expansion of the spartina alterniflora is inhibited, a new beach green belt is formed, the ecological environment and the surrounding habitat of the beach are improved, and the invasion of the spartina alterniflora on the plain beach is prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mudflat ecological restoration, particularly relates to a method for controlling invasion of a spartina alterniflora linn, and particularly relates to a method for regulating and controlling programmed ecological niche spartina alterniflora linn.
Background
Ecological restoration of the beach is related to factors such as beach plants, elevation of the beach and the like. Taking the beach plants as an example, the plant species, plant configuration, plant growth environment factors and plant planting mode all directly influence the growth of the beach plants, thereby influencing the change of the ecological environment of the beach. Most of the research and study on existing beach remediation, recorded as rime elevation, has focused primarily on beach elevations above 2.0m, primarily because in this elevation range, there are fewer or even no flooded areas of seawater, and thus plants are easily viable. In the area 2.0m lower than the elevation of the beach, the survival rate of part of plants is low due to the common planting method because of the submergence of seawater, so that the artificial plant repair is rare, and the beach repair process is very slow only by the natural growth of plants.
The spartina alterniflora has a good repairing effect as one of the species of the beach repairing plants, but the spartina alterniflora has inherent biological advantages to invade the beach, quickly form lush single dominant communities, embody strong invasiveness, directly cause the quantity of the beach indigenous plants to be sharply reduced, further influence the community structure of benthonic animals, threaten the habitat of fishes, directly influence the quantity of waterfowl populations taking the indigenous plant communities as habitat and benthonic animals and fishes as food sources, reduce the nutrient substance and water circulation capacity of the beach, reduce the diversity of the organisms of the beach, weaken the automatic regulating capacity of an ecosystem and form great threat to the balance of the ecological system of the beach.
A plurality of methods are adopted for controlling internationally, at present, a physical control method, a chemical control method and a biological substitution method are mainly adopted for the control of the spartina alterniflora, and the control of the existing spartina alterniflora is adopted for preventing the diffusion of the spartina alterniflora. As the spartina alterniflora has stronger adaptability to the habitat of the intertidal zone at the Yangtze river mouth, if no preventive measures are taken for the existing beach area, the beach will be occupied by the spartina alterniflora.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a programmed ecological niche spartina alterniflora regulation and control method for beach light beach areas, in particular to middle and low beach areas, solves the problem of invasion of spartina alterniflora in the beach light beach areas at the mouths of the Yangtze river, and meets the requirements of safety and effectiveness.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a programmed ecological niche spartina alterniflora regulating and controlling method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting seedlings; the method comprises the following steps of planting bulrush within the range of 1.5-2m of height of the beach, wherein 2-3 sections of bulrush with roots and tips removed and lignified is selected as the bulrush, the height of the bulrush is less than or equal to 50cm, within the range of 0.5-1.5m of height of the beach, scirpus maritima, scirpus orientalis, scirpus maritima and scirpus orientalis are selected as plants of 10 seedlings per bundle, and the plant height is 10-20 cm;
step two, preprocessing a planting area; removing stones, garbage and weeds at the bottom of the planting area, cleaning the spartina alterniflora and the roots thereof, fishing the fishes destroying the growth of the aquatic plants in the current area, and transporting the fishes to the nearby area with relatively good current situation in the water area;
step three, improving the planting substrate; sterilizing the planting substrate and applying a substrate modifier;
step four, planting plants; and planting in a plaque planting mode.
In the third step, bleaching powder is adopted for disinfection, the adding dosage of the bleaching powder is 30g per square meter, the substrate modifying agent is a mixture of quicklime and calcium peroxide, the micro environment of substrate plant growth is improved, a proper oxidation-reduction potential and a substrate pH value are established, the plant growth is promoted, and the application amount of the substrate modifying agent is 25g per square meter.
As a preferable technical scheme, the mass ratio of the quicklime to the calcium peroxide is 1: 1.
According to the preferable technical scheme, after the substrate modifying agent is added, ploughing and airing are carried out, the airing time is 10 days, water is injected into the surface after airing, roots are evenly turned, and airing is carried out for more than 4 days in sunny days.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the area of the planted plaque is 10 × 10m, and the interval between the planted plaque and the planted plaque is 10 m. The plaque planting is beneficial to the substance, capacity and information exchange of the habitat around the plants, and does not create certain favorable conditions for the growth and the diffusion of plant populations.
As a preferred technical scheme, the planting density of the reeds is 4 plants/m2The planting density of the scirpus marigolense and scirpus triqueter is 4 bundles/m2。
Preferably, scirpus and scirpus are planted in a transplanting manner.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the local plants are adopted in the plain beach area to occupy the space, the outward expansion trend of the spartina alterniflora is inhibited, the existing beach outer side plant distribution is extended, a new beach green belt is formed, the ecological environment and the surrounding habitat of the beach are improved, and the prevention effect on the invasion of the spartina alterniflora is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for regulating and controlling the programmed ecological niche Spartina alterniflora.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
A programmed ecological niche spartina alterniflora regulating and controlling method comprises the following steps: in the light beach area, especially in the middle and low beach position, local plants are adopted for planting, the spatial position is occupied, and the expansion of spartina alterniflora is inhibited. The adopted procedures are seedling selection, planting area pretreatment, planting substrate improvement and plant planting.
Three seedlings are selected in the seedling selection stage, namely scirpus, scirpus and bulrush. In the characters of scirpus, the scirpus stolonifer is triangular, the inflorescence pseudo-lateral growth belongs to the characters of scirpus, the scions are large, and the reticulate grains with the shape of 4-6 edges on the surface of small nuts belong to the characters of scirpus planiculmis. Scripus triqueter and scirpus maritima differ as follows: (1) one piece of bract of scripus triqueter is used for prolonging the stalk (the reason of the false lateral growth of inflorescence); the scirpus marigolense bracts are two, one long and one short, the long one is the extension of the stalk, the short one is equal to or longer than the small ear, the scirpus is flat, and the base is enlarged. (2) 3-5 scripus triqueter lower bristles are equal to or longer than the small nuts, and barbs are grown in the whole length; 4 pieces of scirpus marigolense lower bristles are arranged, the length of each bristle is half of that of a small nut, and the bristles are full-length and are sparse and barbed.
Planting bulrush within the range of 1.5-2m of the elevation of Wurime, wherein the bulrush is planted by selecting 2-3 sections of reed seedlings with roots, tips removed and lignified, and the height of the bulrush is not more than 50cm so as to prevent the survival rate from being influenced by shaking caused by wind blowing tidal surge; planting Sparganium scirpum and Scirpus triqueter within 0.5-1.5m of the elevation of Wurime. The scirpus and scirpus are selected from about 10 seedlings per bundle, and the plant height is 10-20 cm.
The scirpus, scirpus and reeds are difficult to be planted successfully in middle and low beaches, so the substrate needs to be subjected to programmed pretreatment before planting.
In the pretreatment stage, stones, garbage and weeds at the bottom of the planting area, particularly spartina alterniflora and roots thereof, are mainly cleaned, and fishes which subsequently damage the growth of aquatic plants in the current area are caught and transported to a nearby area with relatively good current situation in the water area.
And in the planting substrate improvement stage, firstly, the planting substrate is disinfected, the disinfectant adopts bleaching powder, and the adding dosage is 30g per square meter. The disinfectant is applied in sunny days, and is uniformly splashed without omission, so that the complete disinfection of the mudflat in the whole construction area is ensured. After the disinfection, the sun is exposed for one week, and the rainy day is avoided. The substrate modifier adopts a mixture of quicklime and calcium peroxide, improves the substrate plant growth micro-environment, constructs a proper oxidation-reduction potential and substrate pH value, and promotes plant growth. The mass ratio of the quicklime to the calcium peroxide is 1:1, and the adding amount is 25g of substrate modifier per square meter. After the substrate modifying agent is added, turning over and airing are carried out, and the airing time is 10 days. Water is injected into the surface of the area after being aired, the ploughing is uniform, and the airing time is guaranteed to be not less than 4 days in sunny days.
In the planting stage, the patch-shaped planting is mainly used, the planting patches are 10 multiplied by 10m, the interval between the patches is 10m, and the planting density of the reeds is 4 plants/m2The planting rate of scirpus marigolense is 4 bundles/m2The method is favorable for the exchange of substances, energy and information between the plants and the surrounding habitat, and creates certain favorable conditions for the growth and the diffusion of plant populations.
Example 1
According to the survey of the plants on the mudflat in recent years, Chongming north edge mudflat plants mainly comprise reed, scirpus marigolensis and spartina alterniflora, and the overall spatial distribution pattern of each plant community type from low to high along the height of the mudflat is as follows: the Sparganii Scirpus stolonifer → Sparganii is → Phragmites communis, and Sparganii Scirpus stolonifer are distributed at intervals in medium and low tide zones, and have strong competition, and the Phragmites communis and Sparganii Scirpus stolonifer are distributed at intervals in medium and high tide zones.
The reeds are distributed in the high and medium tide zone, and the reeds with the height of more than 3.0m grow well; the height of the scirpus marigolense distributed in an intertidal zone is usually 1.5-3.5m, the height of an optimal growing area is 2-3m, the scirpus marigolensis cannot compete with the scirpus, and the scirpus marigolense has large tidal water impact force, long water submerging time and relatively less illumination time in the area below 1.5m of the intertidal zone, so that the scirpus marigolense is difficult to settle and survive; spartina alterniflora has the potential to grow at mudflats with lower growth elevation than that of scripus triqueter. The Spartina alterniflora is distributed in high, middle and low tide zones, and can grow on a beach with a lower growth elevation than that of Sparganium marianum.
In order to control the quantity of the spartina alterniflora in the middle and low beaches and prevent the spartina alterniflora from occupying the growth space of other plants, the method for regulating and controlling the spartina alterniflora in the area is adopted to regulate and control the programmed ecological position spartina alterniflora.
Planting 4500 mu of green plants in patch form on the sand beach by transplanting, wherein the varieties are reed, scirpus maritima and scirpus orientalis, the reed is taken as the main plant, and the planting height is 3.0-1.5 m. The planting construction starts in the middle ten days of 4 months, ends in the first ten days of 6 months, plants begin to germinate in 5 months, the average survival rate of spot check is 72 percent, the maximum survival rate is 79 percent and the minimum survival rate is 60 percent in the field of 9 months, a new mudflat green belt is formed, the ecological environment and the peripheral habitat of the mudflat are improved
Example 2
Planting green in a planting area along the Yangtze river side in Chongming north by adopting a transplanting method, wherein the planting varieties are reed and scirpus marigold, the reed is planted by using 2-3 sections of lignified reed seedlings with roots and tips removed, and the height of the reed seedlings is not more than 50cm, so that the influence of shaking caused by wind blowing and tidal surge on the survival rate is prevented; the scirpus marigolensis is selected from about 10 seedlings per bunch, and the plant height is 10-20 cm. Meanwhile, a community structure in a natural state is simulated, patch-shaped planting is mainly used, the planting patches are 10 multiplied by 10m, the spacing between the patches is 10m, and the reed planting density is 4 plants/m2The planting rate of scirpus marigolense is 4 bundles/m2. The planting time is from 5 middle ten days of the month to 6 late ten days of the month, wherein the planting height of the bulrush is 1.5-2.8m, and the planting height of the scirpus marigoldenrod is 0.5-1.5 m.
At this time, 2.8m, 2.0m, 1.5m, 1.0m and 0.5m elevation plant planting patches are selected, and the plant growth condition is analyzed. The growth conditions of plants can be known as follows: the survival rates of 2.8m and 2.0m elevations of the reeds are basically the same and are both higher than 1.5m elevations, and the height and the density of the plant of the germinated seedling are slightly reduced along with the reduction of the elevations after the same growth time; the 1.5 m-high survival rate of scirpus marigoldianus is more than 1.0m and 0.5m high, the height difference of the germinated seedlings is not large after the same growth time, and the density is slightly increased along with the reduction of the height.
The reason for this is that the growth of plants is closely related to tidal flat environment, which is affected by not only tide but also climate and biological action such as evaporation, rainfall, etc. The average high tide level of Chongming north is 3.82-3.63m, the average tide level is 2.31-2.17m, the elevations selected by the plant growth condition analysis are all located at the medium and low tide levels, the salinity of the tidal flat increases along with the decrease of the elevations, but the numerical difference is small. The salt tolerance of scirpus marigolense is higher than that of reed, the scirpus marigolensis has the optimum value for salinity, and the salinity is negatively related to the plant density in the salt tolerance range, so that the influence on the plant height is not obvious.
Example 3
Scirpus maritima seed planting analysis
When scirpus marigolense seeds are planted in the field, only a few seeds can germinate to produce plants, and the plants of seedlings are short and weak in rootstock, and finally are difficult to endure the composite stress of continuous tide and wave scouring and sand burying to die. This also demonstrates that the seeds are not the main propagules of scirpus marianus spread at the front edge of the tidal flat of the coastal wetland under natural conditions, and the interference of hydrodynamic conditions and sediment accumulation will significantly affect the survival and germination of the seeds. The underground roots can form a complex network before overground parts of plants are generated, so the underground roots are the main propagules of scirpus marigold at the front edge of a tidal flat under natural conditions. The indoor seedling culture of scirpus marigold seeds has higher survival rate, which is not much different from the survival rate of field transplanting and planting, the growth condition of plants is not much different, but the cost is greatly increased compared with the transplanting and planting cost. In summary, the transplanting method is adopted in scirpus maritima community restoration, nutrition propagation depending on roots is feasible, the field directly adopts the seed propagation effect to be poor, although the indoor seedling raising effect of scirpus maritima seeds is good, the cost is high.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with respect to the above embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements based on the disclosure of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A programmed ecological niche spartina alterniflora regulating and controlling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting seedlings; the method comprises the following steps of planting bulrush within the range of 1.5-2m of height of the beach, wherein 2-3 sections of bulrush with roots and tips removed and lignified is selected as the bulrush, the height of the bulrush is less than or equal to 50cm, within the range of 0.5-1.5m of height of the beach, scirpus maritima, scirpus orientalis, scirpus maritima and scirpus orientalis are selected as plants of 10 seedlings per bundle, and the plant height is 10-20 cm;
step two, preprocessing a planting area; removing stones, garbage and weeds at the bottom of the planting area, cleaning the spartina alterniflora and the roots thereof, fishing the fishes destroying the growth of the aquatic plants in the current area, and transporting the fishes to the nearby area with relatively good current situation in the water area;
step three, improving the planting substrate; sterilizing the planting substrate and applying a substrate modifier;
step four, planting plants; and planting in a plaque planting mode.
2. The method for regulating and controlling programmed ecological niche spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, wherein in step three, bleaching powder is used for disinfection, the adding amount of bleaching powder is 30g per square meter, the substrate modifier is a mixture of quicklime and calcium peroxide, and the applying amount of the substrate modifier is 25g per square meter.
3. The method for regulating and controlling programmed ecological niche spartina alterniflora according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the quicklime to the calcium peroxide is 1: 1.
4. The method for regulating and controlling programmed ecological niche spartina alterniflora according to claim 2, wherein the substrate modifying agent is added and then turned over and aired for 10 days, water is injected into the surface after airing, roots are turned over uniformly, and airing is carried out for more than 4 days.
5. The method for regulating and controlling programmed ecological niche spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the area of the planted patch is 10 x 10m, and the interval between the planted patch and the planted patch is 10 m.
6. The method for controlling spartina alterniflora in programmed ecological niche of claim 5, wherein the planting density of reeds is 4 plants/m2The planting density of the scirpus marigolense and scirpus triqueter is 4 bundles/m2。
7. The method of claim 5, wherein scirpus marigoldendori and scirpus triqueter are planted by transplanting.
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| CN113508680A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-10-19 | 河北冀东建设工程有限公司 | Spartina alterniflora treatment method and mower used for same |
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