JP3382503B2 - Cultivation method of aquatic plants - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an efficient method for raising seedlings of aquatic wet plants. Further, the present invention relates to an apparatus and system for efficiently and large-scale raising seedlings of aquatic wet plants.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, conservation and restoration of the natural environment and harmony with development activities have been demanded, and the water environment business by the government has been actively planned and implemented accordingly. Demand is spreading nationwide. In order to regenerate and create ecosystems of diverse water environments, it is necessary to plant many types of hydrous plants, and these types also require planting of plant species that naturally grow in the waterfront space. Are becoming very many. Therefore, the demand for water hygrophyte seedlings is rapidly increasing.

[0003] However, there are many parts where the ecological characteristics of the aquatic marine plants are unclear, the cultivation period is long, the equipment cost is high for cultivation from seeds, and the failure rate is high. Almost no artificial growth occurs. In addition, since the supply and demand situation of seedlings that can simultaneously secure the diversity and locality of aquatic hygrophytes is not known, digging seedlings of native species and seedlings grown by root nodules and rhizomes are not limited to their native regions but to the entire country. It is currently distributed in the.
If such a situation is continued, not only the productivity of seedlings will be very low, but also the genetic resources in the waterside environment will be disturbed and valuable species will be extinct, which will leave a big problem for future generations.

In order to solve this problem, there is a demand for short-term seedling production and intensive artificial environment cultivation corresponding to various plant species, which is basically based on cultivation from local seed collection of aquatic wet plants.

[0005]

Several methods have been disclosed so far for cultivating seedlings of aquatic wet plants. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-137473 discloses a hydroponic cultivation method in which an aquatic plant is planted in a bottomless container filled with plant fiber and immersed in a culture solution to grow. Further, JP-A-8-228514 discloses a method of cultivating an aquatic plant in water using a fiber nursery. Each of these methods is a method in which seeds or seedlings of aquatic plants are held in a fiber seedbed and immersed in water for cultivation. Since water-hygrophytes are very reluctant to transplant, cell-molded seedling cultivation that can be transplanted without rooting is a very advantageous method, and the above hydroponics meets this purpose. However, because water-hygrophytes are very delicate, it is very difficult to maintain and manage the germination environment of seeds and the seedling stage. It is difficult to germinate and grow seedlings.

[0006] In order to establish a method for uniformly, in large quantities, and efficiently and reliably producing a wide variety of water-and-humid plants whose cultivation management is difficult in the method for producing cell-molded seedlings, in a small space called cell-molded seedlings. It is important to create the same environment as a wetland, but it was difficult with conventional methods.

[0007] As a result of intensive studies to solve such problems, the inventors of the present invention changed the water level of the nutrient solution in a constant cycle in the method for hydroponically cultivating cell-molded seedlings to obtain desired hydrous plants. The present invention has been completed by discovering that healthy seedlings can be stably cultivated in large quantities by exposing the seedlings not only to moisture but also to the air.

[0008]

According to the present invention, in raising seedlings of aquatic and hygroscopic plants, a cell-shaped nursery bed consisting of seeds of the hydrous and aquatic plants and cultivated soil is cultivated for the period during which the seeds grow to seedlings. There is provided a method for cultivating a hydrophytic plant seedling, which comprises culturing while alternately repeating a flooding period of immersion in a liquid and a dry period of contacting with air at a cycle of 2 to 12 hours.

In the method of the present invention, the water-and-humid plants that can be used include both woody plants and herbaceous plants. As aquatic herbaceous plants, there are a wide variety of species such as reeds, cattails, mackerels, and lythrums that have high-length ears that generally have spikes in summer and autumn, as well as low-length varieties that generally have spikes in spring, such as hornbill, ryukinka, and bilberry. There are various types, and there is no particular limitation. In addition, examples of the water-moist woody plants include, but are not limited to, yatdamo, harlequine, yam alder, willows and the like. In the method of the present invention, cell-molded seedlings comprising the seeds of these hydrous plants and the soil are used. As the soil, one generally used for producing cell-molded seedlings can be used. Examples thereof include mineral substances such as soil, perlite and vermiculite, and fibrous substances such as peat moss, plant fibers and synthetic fibers, but are not particularly limited thereto.

The above-mentioned desired water-wettable plant seeds and soil are
It can be grown using a commercially available cell tray.
The size of the cell tray is not particularly limited, but if the cell size is too small for the desired plant, the cell density becomes high and competition with each other may occur, which may be a factor inhibiting growth. It is necessary to appropriately select the cell size according to the kind of the desired plant to be grown. The above-mentioned hydrous and wet plant seeds and soil may be added to each cell after or after mixing as appropriate.
As shown in the left figure, each cell of the cell tray (13) may be seeded with desired seeds (11) after filling the soil (12). After filling the soil (12) and the seed (11) in this way, the cell tray is dipped in the nutrient solution (14). As the nutrient solution, one normally used for hydroponics can be used, and one suitable for the growth of a desired hydrous wet plant to be cultivated is appropriately selected and used.

The feature of the method of the present invention is that, when the cell tray is immersed in the nutrient solution, the submerged period (nutrient water supply mode) in which each cell of the cell tray is immersed in the nutrient solution and the direct contact with the soil of each cell. The dry period (air supply mode) in which the nutrient solution does not come into contact is alternately repeated at regular intervals. Different, the by repetition time the type of water Shisseshokubutsu Flooded phase and dry seasons
In the invention, it is 2 hours to 12 hours, and 4 hours to 8 hours is preferable.
Good If the repetition time is too short, the air supply effect will be reduced, and if the repetition time is too long, the nutrient solution will not be sufficiently supplied, which is not preferable. The flooding period and the dry season can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the nutrient solution water level of an appropriate pond or waterproof bench in which the cell tray is immersed in the nutrient solution. Water supply and drainage of the nutrient solution can be performed using a pump for supplying the nutrient solution and a water supply pipe and a drain pipe having an openable and closable valve. The valve of the water supply / drainage pipe may be opened / closed manually, or electrically using a solenoid valve or the like. When it is performed electrically, it can be controlled together with the control of the pump.

The water level of the nutrient solution during the flooding period can be changed depending on the type of aquatic wet plant and the growth stage of the plant.
For example, as shown in the left diagram of FIG. 1, at the germination stage until the seed (11) germinates, the water level of the nutrient solution (14) is set so that each cell is completely immersed, but the seedling after germination rooting is set. In the growing stage of (15), it is not necessary to immerse the whole root part, and depending on the water and wet plant, it may be preferable for the growing stage to have a part of the soil of the seedlings in a drought state. In the case, as shown in the right figure of Fig. 1,
The water level may be maintained in a state of being immersed to about half.
On the other hand, in the air supply mode during the dry season, as shown in FIG. 2, the germination stage and the growth stage are maintained at a water level at which the nutrient solution does not contact the cell.

To actually produce a wide variety of water-hygrophyte seedlings, it is convenient to manage them using waterproof benches such as those used in hydroponics. The present inventor, as a result of intensive research to more efficiently carry out the method of the present invention using a hydroponic bench, the water level of the waterproof hydroponic bench is extremely labor-saving and effective. It was found that a hydroponic cultivation apparatus that can be easily adjusted by automatically switching between the flooding period and the drought period can be used for the method of the present invention .

That is, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention , in raising seedlings of a hydrous plant, a cell-molded nursery consisting of seeds of the hydrous plant and soil is soaked in a nutrient solution for cultivation and exposed to air. A device for cultivating while alternately repeating the drought period to be made, which is a waterproof hydroponic bench having a peripheral wall with a height capable of laying a cell molding nursery and maintaining a water level that can sufficiently flood this (1) and at least one water supply pipe (2) and a water level adjusting relay (3) installed on the outer peripheral wall of the waterproof hydroponic bench (1), respectively, and the water level adjusting relay (3) is at least A hydroponic cultivation device (7) for hydroponic plant seedlings, which is composed of one relay pipe and is capable of automatically converting the water level of the nutrient solution during the flooding period and the water level of the nutrient solution during the drought period (7) You can

The hydroponic cultivation apparatus used in the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 3, in the <br/> hydroponic apparatus, waterproof hydroponic bench (1) can be used bench materials used in conventional hydroponic apparatus. This waterproof hydroponic bench (1) has an area sufficient to lay a cell tray (13) of a desired hydrous plant in the waterproof hydroponic bench (1) and an outer peripheral wall having a height sufficient to flood the cell tray with a nutrient solution. have. In this waterproof hydroponic bench, a level adjustment raised pedestal (16) may be provided to adjust the installation position of the cell tray.

A water supply pipe (2) for supplying a nutrient solution to the hydroponic cultivation bench (1) and a water level adjusting relay capable of automatically draining the nutrient solution to a water level during a dry season when the water level reaches a certain level. (3) is provided. The inner diameters of the water supply pipe (2) and the water level adjustment relay (3) can be set according to the desired amount of water supply / drainage, and two or more water supply pipes and water level adjustment relays may be provided as necessary. The water supply pipe (2) may be installed so as to supply the nutrient solution from above the hydroponic cultivation bench (1), or may be installed so as to supply water from the bottom surface of the hydroponic cultivation bench (1). .

Although the structure of the water level adjusting relay (3) is not particularly limited, it is composed of at least one relay pipe, one opening of which opens near the inner bottom surface of the waterproof hydroponic bench, and from that opening. The relay pipe extends upward to penetrate the outer wall of the waterproof hydroponic bench at the desired water level, and then extends downward so that the other opening of the relay pipe is below the bottom surface of the waterproof hydroponic bench. Install it on a waterproof hydroponic bench so that it can be opened and drained. With such a structure, the nutrient solution is supplied by the water supply pipe, and after the nutrient solution water level reaches the top of the relay pipe, the siphon principle is used to open the relay pipe in the hydroponic bench. It is automatically drained to the water level of the department. The time between the flooding period and the drought period can be adjusted by adjusting the feed rate and drainage rate of the nutrient solution. The water supply speed of the nutrient solution is controlled by a pump with variable drainage volume.
Alternatively, it can be controlled by appropriately adjusting the inner diameter of the water supply pipe, and the drainage speed can be controlled by appropriately adjusting the inner diameter of the water level adjustment relay pipe. It is necessary to increase the drainage rate.

As described above, the water level of the nutrient solution during the flooding period may change depending on the type and growth stage of the water-and-moisture plant to be cultivated. Therefore, it is possible to change the water level of the nutrient solution during the flooding period. Can be For example, it consists of both a high water level relay pipe (4) and a low water level relay pipe (5) as shown in FIG. 4, and a water stop cock (6) is attached to at least the low water level relay pipe. It is possible to use a structure in which the low water level relay pipe can be opened and closed by operating (6). When such a water level adjusting relay is used, for example, when the water level is as shown in the left diagram of FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, the high water level relay pipe (4) is opened and the low water level relay pipe (5) is stopped. By closing with the water cock (6), the nutrient solution in the hydroponic cultivation bench can be filled to a high water level. On the other hand, as shown in the right figure of Fig. 1, when the water level is set to a medium level, the low water level relay pipe (5) is opened to adjust the water level during the flooding period to the height of the top of the low water level relay pipe. can do.

As a result of further research, the present inventor not only can cultivate a plurality of types of hydrous plants by using a plurality of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus described above, but also circulates a nutrient solution to efficiently wet the water. I found that I could cultivate and produce seedlings of living plants. That is, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
In raising seedlings of hydrous plants, cell-shaped seed beds consisting of seeds and soil of hydrous plants are cultivated while alternately repeating the submersion period of immersing in a hydroponic nutrient solution and the drought period of contacting with air. And a plurality of communication drainage pipes (8) for connecting between a plurality of hydroponic cultivation devices (7) for hydroponic plant seedlings and waterproof hydroponic benches of the plurality of hydroponic cultivation devices. )
The connecting drainage water pipes (8) respectively include a water level adjusting relay (3) relay pipe of one waterproof hydroponic bench (1) and a water supply pipe (2) of another waterproof hydroponic bench (1 ′). ), And the hydroponics system for cultivating hydroponic plants is characterized in that the nutrient solution for cultivation flows through the waterproof hydroponics benches of all hydroponics equipment. I can .

As used in the present invention , as shown in FIG.
In the hydroponic cultivation system capable of performing the above, a plurality of the above hydroponic cultivation devices are connected by a plurality of communication drainage water pipes (8). One end of each communication drainage pipe is a water-repellent water culture bench of a hydroponic cultivation device (1) with a water distribution adjustment opening of a relay pipe of a water level adjustment relay (3) and a waterproof hydroponic bench of another hydroponic cultivation device ( The water supply pipe (2) of 1 ') is connected, and the nutrient solution is sequentially circulated through all the waterproof hydroponic benches of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus that constitutes the hydroponic cultivation system. The nutrient solution can be circulated by supplying the nutrient solution stored in the water storage tank (9) to the first water supply pipe by the pump (10). In this case, by properly adjusting the water level adjustment relay pipe, it is possible to automatically perform flooding and drought in order, and therefore it is possible to automatically and labor-savingly supply the nutrient solution for the entire hydroponic cultivation system. it can.

In the hydroponic cultivation system used in the present invention , a plurality of hydroponic cultivation devices constituting the hydroponic cultivation system may be arranged horizontally, or as shown in FIG. Good. With this hydroponic cultivation system, you can not only cultivate and produce a large number of the same types of hydrous plant seedlings at once,
It is also possible to simultaneously cultivate and produce different types of water and wet plant seedlings. Further, by arranging a plurality of hydroponic cultivation devices three-dimensionally as shown in FIG. 5, the hydroponic bench of the upper hydroponic cultivation device can be used as a sunlit bench relatively exposed to sunlight, while the lower hydroponics device can be used. Since the hydroponic bench of the cultivating device can be used as a shaded bench that is relatively protected from sunlight, for example, the Hydrangea bench is a type of high-moisture type that has spikes, such as reed, macaw, and Misohagi, that generally have spikes in summer and autumn. Cultivate raw plants and at the same time, in the shade bench
It is possible to cultivate a kind of water-hygrophyte having a relatively short length, which generally has spikes in the spring, such as Ryukinka and Cranberry.

[0022]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Utilizing the cultivation method of the present invention
As a result , the cell-molded seedlings of aquatic wet plants can be extracted from the cells and transplanted within a short period of 30 to 60 days. When the cell size is relatively small and the cell density is high, the cultivation period can be shortened and the production space can be effectively used. On the other hand, if the size of the cell is increased to some extent, the size of the cultivated seedling can also be increased, so that it is possible to produce a seedling to be taken out from the cell tray and directly planted at a desired place.

[0023]

【Example】

(Example 1) Seeds were collected from native reeds collected in Naganuma-cho, Yubari-gun, Hokkaido, subjected to a selective treatment, and germinated at 70% or more. As a cell tray for producing cell-molded seedlings, a cell tray having a width (W) of 26 mm and a depth (H) of 57 mm and 162 holes was used. In each cell of this cell tray, add commercially available soil [Product name: PLUG-MIX, Scot
ts-Sierra Horticultural Products Company (USA)
Made of a mixture of 10% by weight of peat moss for improving water retention, and 1 piece of each of the above reed seeds in each cell.
After sowing each grain, the soil was covered. This cell tray is installed on a hydroponic bench, and 100 g of water as a nutrient solution is used as a fertilizer "Otsuka House No. 1" (75 g) manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.
50 g and No. 3 (3 g) (guaranteed component amount (%) of the fertilizer is shown below) was dissolved, and water was supplied into the hydroponic bench so that the cells of the cell tray were flooded. Flooded 4
After a lapse of time, the nutrient solution was discharged from the bench, and the cell was kept in a dry state and left for 4 hours. After that, cultivation was performed while repeating the flooded state for 4 hours and the drought state for 4 hours. The germination rate was calculated by counting the cells that did not germinate out of the number of cells seeded after germination. 84 days after the start of cultivation, the seedlings were taken out from the cells, the amount of elongation (plant length and root length) was measured, and then dried, and the weight (dry matter weight) was measured separately in the above-ground portion and the below-ground portion. In addition, the ratio of the above-ground weight (T) to the below-ground weight (R) (T /
R rate) was determined. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIGS.

Guaranteed amount of fertilizer manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. (% ) Otsuka House No. 1: Total nitrogen 10.0 (%) EDTA iron 0.18 (%) "Ammonia nitrogen 1.5 EDTA copper 0.002" Nitrate nitrogen 8.2 ”Zinc sulfate 0.006 Water-soluble phosphoric acid 8.0 Ammonium molybdate Water-soluble potassium 27.0 0.002 Water-soluble magnesia 4.0 Water-soluble manganese 0.10 Water-soluble boron Otsuka House No. 2: Nitrate Nitrogen 11.0 (%) Otsuka House No. 5: Ammonia Nitrogen 6.0 (%) EDTA Iron 5.7 (%) Water-soluble Kali 9.0 EDTA Copper 0.002 Water-soluble manganese 2. 00 zinc sulfate 0.006 water-soluble boron 2.00 ammonium molybdate 0.043

Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that a cell tray having a cell size of 16 mm in width and 28 mm in depth and 406 holes was used, and the germination rate, elongation amount, dry matter weight and T / R rate. I asked. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIGS.

(Example 3) The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the time of flooding was changed to 8 hours and the time of drought was changed to 8 hours, and the germination rate, elongation, dry matter weight and T / R rate were adjusted. I asked. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIGS.

(Example 4) The same procedure as in Example 2 was carried out except that the time of flooding was changed to 8 hours and the time of drought was changed to 8 hours, and the germination rate, elongation, dry matter weight and T / R rate were adjusted. I asked. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIGS.

(Comparative Example 1) The cultivation method was carried out from the top surface 3 times a day.
Performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a normal cell-molded seedling cultivation method is performed in which water is automatically irrigated and liquid fertilizer is regularly sprayed.
The germination rate, extension amount, dry matter weight and T / R rate were determined. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIGS.

(Comparative Example 2) The cultivation method was carried out from the top surface 3 times a day.
Performed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that a normal cell-molded seedling cultivation method of automatically irrigating water and regularly spraying liquid fertilizer was used,
The germination rate, extension amount, dry matter weight and T / R rate were determined. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIGS.

[0030]

[Table 1]

As is clear from the results in Table 1, the conventional method for producing cell-molded seedlings (Comparative Example 1
And the same germination rate as in 2) was obtained. Table 1 and FIGS.
As is clear from the results, the amount of seedlings grown was determined by the method of the present invention (implementation) regardless of whether the cell tray has 162 holes or 406 holes, and the flooding / drought cycle is every 4 hours or 8 hours. In Examples 1 to 4), the plant height and root length were 2 to 6 times larger than those of the conventional method (Comparative Examples 1 and 2). Further, the dry weight showing the growth amount of the above-ground part and the below-ground part was also significantly larger in the method of the present invention than in the conventional method.

[0032]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the method of the present invention, in the hydroponic production of cell-molded seedlings of aquatic hygrophyte, by controlling the immersion time of the nutrient solution and the water level of the nutrient solution, a desired hydrous plant can be obtained. Cultivation suitable for the growth stage can be performed, and forcible cultivation of seedlings and acclimatization to the external environment at the time of shipment can be effectively performed in various plant species. Moreover, when the hydroponic cultivation apparatus and hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention are used, the method of the present invention can be automatically, labor-savingly and efficiently implemented.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state during a flooding period in the method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state during a drought period in the method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a main part of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus used in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of essential parts of a water level adjusting relay pipe portion of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus used in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a hydroponic cultivation system used in the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram comparing the amount of elongation of seedlings when reeds are cultivated by the method of the present invention and the conventional method.

FIG. 7 is a diagram comparing the growth amount (dry weight) of seedlings when reeds are cultivated by the method of the present invention and the conventional method.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Waterproof Hydroponic Bench 2 Water Supply Pipe 3 Water Level Adjustment Relay 4 High Water Level Relay Pipe 5 Low Water Level Relay Pipe 6 Water Stop Cock 7 Hydroponic Cultivator 8 Contact Water Discharge Pipe 9 Water Storage Tank 10 Pump 11 Seed 12 Cultivation Soil 13 Cell Tray 14 Nutrient Solution 15 seedlings 16 level adjustment pedestal 17 support legs 18 pump control panel

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Sadao Takakido 5-1-5 Satomi-cho, Kitahiroshima City, Hokkaido (56) Reference JP-A-5-137473 (JP, A) JP-A-50-105431 (JP , A) JP-A-52-61544 (JP, A) JP-A-55-23928 (JP, A) Jitsukaihei 3-10751 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB) Name) A01G 31/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A seedling of a water-moisture plant, in which a cell-molded nursery bed consisting of seeds of the water-humidity plant and soil is immersed in a nutrient solution for cultivation during the period during which the seed grows to a seedling, and air. A method for cultivating a water and wet plant seedling, which comprises culturing while alternately repeating the drought period to be brought into contact with each other in a cycle of 2 to 12 hours. 2. In order to cultivate while alternately repeating the flooding period and the drought period, a cell-molded seedbed is laid, and an outer peripheral wall having a height capable of maintaining a water level capable of sufficiently flooding it is provided. The waterproof hydroponic bench (1) has, and at least one water supply pipe (2) and a water level adjusting relay (3) installed on the outer peripheral wall of the waterproof hydroponic bench (1), respectively. 2. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein (3) comprises at least one relay pipe and is capable of automatically converting the water level of the nutrient solution during the flooding period and the water level of the nutrient solution during the drought period. Method for cultivating aquatic hygrophyte seedlings. 3. The water level adjusting relay (3) comprises a high water level relay pipe (4) and a low water level relay pipe (5), at least the low water level relay pipe (5) optionally being provided with a water stop cock (6). The method for cultivating a water and wet plant seedling according to claim 2, which can be opened and closed. 4. In order to cultivate while alternately repeating the flooding period and the drought period, a cell-molded nursery is laid and sufficiently flooded.
Waterproof hydroponic bed with a peripheral wall that is high enough to maintain the water level
(1) and the waterproof hydroponic bench (1) installed on the outer peripheral wall, respectively.
At least one water pipe (2) and water level adjustment relay
(3) and the water level adjusting relay (3) is at least one relay pipe.
The water level of the nutrient solution during the flooding period and the water level of the nutrient solution during the drought period.
It can be converted dynamically, or the water level adjustment relay
-(3) is high water level relay pipe (4) and low water level relay pipe
(5) and at least the low water level relay pipe (5)
It can be opened and closed at will by the water stop cock (6).
A plurality of hydroponic cultivation devices (7) are provided, and the plurality of hydroponic cultivation devices are connected between the waterproof hydroponic benches by a plurality of connection drainage pipes (8), and the connection drainage pipes (8) ) Respectively connect the relay pipe of the water level adjustment relay (3) of one waterproof hydroponic bench (1) and the water supply pipe (2) of the other waterproof hydroponic bench (1 ') to each other, and to cultivate them. The method for cultivating a hydrophyte seedling according to claim 1, wherein a hydroponic cultivation system is used in which the liquid is sequentially flowed to the waterproof hydroponic benches of all hydroponic cultivation devices.