CN111313011B - 一种低成本高性能磷酸铁锂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种低成本高性能磷酸铁锂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007709 nanocrystallization Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001116 FEMA 4028 Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N beta-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011175 beta-cyclodextrine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004853 betadex Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940071264 lithium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WJSIUCDMWSDDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O WJSIUCDMWSDDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010902 jet-milling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种低成本高性能磷酸铁锂的制备方法,首先将铁源预先高能粉碎及纳米化,然后按照摩尔比(1.01~1.03):1:1称取锂源、铁源、磷源,掺入摩尔占比(0.01~0.02)的钛源或镁源,再加入质量分数(4~10)%的碳源,高能粉碎及充分混合;再将混合后的材料压片造粒,得到片状前驱体;然后将前驱体放入窑炉中烧结,惰性气体氛围保护下,控制升温在0.5~4H内升至730℃,后730℃下保温煅烧0.5~4H,后随炉冷却至室温,得到碳包覆的磷酸铁锂材料;最后将制得的磷酸铁锂先破碎,后经粉碎、筛分、除铁得到颗粒近似正态分布的磷酸铁锂成品。采用干粉直接混合融合的方式制备磷酸铁锂,工艺简单,烧结时间缩短,相较于湿法复杂的生产工艺和较高的设备投入,本制造方法可将成本降低30%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种低成本高性能磷酸铁锂的制备方法,属于锂电池技术领域。
背景技术
在一次性能源的紧缺和环境污染的日趋严重大环境下,绿色环保的锂离子二次电
池得到了广泛应用。
磷酸铁锂是一种锂离子电池正极材料,具有长寿命、宽工作温度范围、高安全性、
低成本高性能、环保无污染等性能,以其为正极材料制成的磷酸铁锂电池已在汽车、电动工具及太阳能、风力发电储能等方面获得广泛运用。
与其他传统锂离子电池正极材料相比,虽然磷酸铁锂的原料来源更广泛、价格更低廉,但在应用上尤其是电动汽车方面,与传统燃油车相比电动车锂电池的成本依然较高,而正极材料成本占锂电池总成本的30~45%,所以正极材料的成本直接影响锂电池的价格,继而也对电动车的普及产生影响。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种低制造成本高性能的磷酸铁锂制备方法,工艺简单,流程短,烧结时间缩短,易于工业化生产,相较于湿法复杂的生产工艺和较高的设备投入,烧结时间从传统方法的8小时降低至4小时以内,成本相较目前传统湿法降低了30%以上。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种低成本高性能磷酸铁锂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将铁源预先高能粉碎机中高效粉碎,然后按照摩尔比(1.01~1.03):1:1称取一定量的锂源、铁源、磷源,掺入摩尔占比(0.01~0.02)的钛源或镁源,再加入质量分数(4~10)%的碳源,在高效机械融合机中充分混合中混合得到前驱体;再将制得的前驱体进行压片造粒,得到片状前驱体。
(2)将制得的前驱体放入窑炉中烧结,惰性气体氛围保护下,控制升温在0.5~4H内升至730℃,后730℃下保温煅烧0.5~4H,后随炉冷却至室温,得到碳包覆的磷酸铁锂材料。
(3)将制得的磷酸铁锂材料,先破碎,后经粉碎、筛分、除铁得到颗粒近似正态分布的磷酸铁锂成品材料。
上述方法中,步骤(1)中铁源和磷源为无水正磷酸铁(Fe/P为0.97±0.1),形貌为球形或类球形颗粒;锂源为工业级碳酸锂;所掺杂的钛源为锐钛型钛白粉;碳源为葡萄糖、β-环糊精和纳米柠檬酸锂的一种或几种组合。
上述方法中,步骤(1)中粉碎设备为机械粉碎或气流粉碎,粉碎后粒度分布D50≤1.5um;高效机械融合机根据实际所投物料量设置恰当的混合时间和转速。
上述方法中,步骤(2)中惰性气体为纯度不低于99.999%氮气,窑炉为推板窑或辊道窑。
上述方法中,步骤(3)中破碎工艺为先过颚式破碎机、再过对辊,粉碎设备为机械超微粉碎机或气流超微粉碎机。
本发明的优点效果在于:
(1)前驱体的制备过程与传统湿法球磨再喷雾干燥的方式相比,采用干粉直接混合融合的方式,省去了去离子水,成本只占传统方式的30%左右,且降低了设备投资,工艺更加简单,大大降低了制造成本。
(2)锂源可采用工业级碳酸锂,进一步降低原料成本。
(3)前驱体经过压片后再进窑炉烧结,可提高匣钵的装料量不低于30%,进一步降低了材料的烧结成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施所制备的磷酸铁锂扫描电镜图。
图2是本发明实施所制备的磷酸铁锂扣电测试充放电曲线图。
具体实施方式
本实施例的一种低成本高性能磷酸铁锂的制备方法,具体实验包括以下步骤:
(1)本实验选取的铁源和磷源为无水正磷酸铁(实际Fe/P为0.97±0.1),形貌为类球形颗粒,先用高能粉碎机中高效粉碎,粉碎后粒度D50控制在1.5um以下;锂源为工业级碳酸锂(纯度≥99%)。
(2)按照摩尔比(1.01~1.03):1:1称取一定量的锂源、铁源、磷源,掺入摩尔占比(0.01~0.02)的钛源,再加入质量分数(4~10)%的碳源,本实验所采取的的实际配方为磷酸铁:21.285Kg,碳酸锂:5.339Kg,钛白粉:0.105Kg,无水葡萄糖:2.25Kg,β-环糊精:1.175Kg,纳米柠檬酸锂:0.207Kg,然后将所有原料加入高效机械融合机中混合,混合工艺参数设置:转速500转,运行时间15min,后转速800转,运行45min,总运行时间为60min;后将混合好的物料用压片造粒机进行压片,得到片状前驱体。
(3)将制得的前驱体装入石墨匣钵,后放入窑炉中烧结,在氮气氛围保护下,控制升温2H从常温升至730℃,后730℃下保温煅烧2H,后随炉冷却至室温,得到碳包覆的磷酸铁锂材料。
(4)将制得的磷酸铁锂材料,先用颚式破碎机加对辊进行破碎,后用机械粉碎机进行超微粉碎,粉碎后的粒度D50控制在2±1um,D90≤10um,然后将物料筛分、除铁得到颗粒近似正态分布的磷酸铁锂成品材料。
图1为所制备的磷酸铁锂扫描电镜图,可以看出颗粒为大小颗粒搭配的类球形颗
粒,且表面包覆有无定形碳。经测试,振实密度可达1.0g/cm3及以上。
将所制得的磷酸铁锂、SuperP导电炭黑、PVDF(PVDF预先与NMP混匀的4%PVDF乳液)以90:5:5的质量比混合,涂在铝箔上制成正极片,以锂片为负极,1M的LiPF6为电解液,制成CR2025扣式电池进行充放电测试,图2为扣电测试放电曲线图,实际测得0.1C放电电压在3.4V左右,0.1C放电可达155mAh/g,1C放电可达150mAh/g。
Claims (7)
1.一种低成本高性能磷酸铁锂的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将铁源预先高能粉碎及纳米化,然后按照摩尔比(1.01~1.03):1:1称取一定量的锂源、铁源、磷源,掺入摩尔占比(0.01~0.02)的钛源或镁源,再加入质量分数(4~10)%的碳源,在高效机械融合机中充分混合;再将混合后的材料进行压片造粒,得到片状前驱体;
(2)将制得的前驱体放入窑炉中烧结,惰性气体氛围保护下,控制升温在0.5~4H内升至730℃,后730℃下保温煅烧0.5~4H,后随炉冷却至室温,得到碳包覆的磷酸铁锂材料;
(3)将制得的磷酸铁锂材料,先破碎,后经粉碎、筛分、除铁得到颗粒近似正态分布的磷酸铁锂成品材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本高性能磷酸铁锂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中铁源和磷源为无水正磷酸铁(Fe/P为0.97±0.1),形貌为球形或类球形颗粒,粉碎设备为机械粉碎或气流粉碎,粉碎后粒度控制D50≤1.5um。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本高性能磷酸铁锂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中锂源为工业级碳酸锂(纯度≥99%)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本高性能磷酸铁锂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中:钛源为锐钛型钛白粉,镁源为氧化镁粉。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本高性能磷酸铁锂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中碳源为葡萄糖、β-环糊精和纳米柠檬酸锂的一种或几种组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本高性能磷酸铁锂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中窑炉为推板窑或辊道窑,惰性气体为纯度不低于99.999%氮气,室温~730℃升温时间为0.5~4小时,730℃保温时间为0.5~4小时。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本高性能磷酸铁锂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中破碎工艺为先过颚式破碎机、再过对辊,粉碎设备为机械超微粉碎机或气流超微粉碎机。
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