CN111296208A

CN111296208A - Scutellaria baicalensis seedling growing method

Info

Publication number: CN111296208A
Application number: CN202010218301.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王慧杰; 冯瑞云; 邢玉伟; 李广信; 安志刚; 梅超; 李盛; 左敏; 郑仙花; 赵君飞; 王雅丽
Original assignee: Shouyang Huaxing Yuanze Agricultural Technology Co Ltd; CROP Science Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Shouyang Huaxing Yuanze Agricultural Technology Co Ltd; CROP Science Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-03-25
Filing date: 2020-03-25
Publication date: 2020-06-19

Abstract

The invention discloses a scutellaria baicalensis seedling raising method. Belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material cultivation. The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps: selecting a seedling raising field site → performing soil and fertilizer application operation → arranging a seedling raising bed → installing a matched irrigation facility → cleaning seeds → soaking seeds and accelerating germination → sowing → managing seedling alignment → managing seedling stage → lifting and storing. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the problem of low survival rate of the scutellaria baicalensis is solved, the survival rate is improved by more than 30 percent compared with a direct seeding mode, and the yield per mu is increased by more than 10 percent; deeply ploughing the land and ensuring the fertility of the land, and being beneficial to obtaining the root seedlings with longer main roots; high-bed seedling raising is carried out, so that the damage to seedlings in rainy and waterlogging seasons is reduced, and the seedlings are lifted during breeding; by cleaning the seeds, seeds with insufficient plumpness and damaged or damaged insects can be removed, and meanwhile, dust, dirt and mildew on the surfaces of the seeds are removed, so that the full and strong seedlings are ensured; seed soaking and germination accelerating are carried out, and the seedling emergence time can be shortened.

Description

Scutellaria baicalensis seedling growing method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, in particular to a scutellaria baicalensis seedling growing method.

Background

The fleshy roots and the roots of the scutellaria baicalensis are thick, the leaves are hard and paper, the shapes of the scutellaria baicalensis are from needle to linear needle, the general inflorescence grows on the stems and the branches, the corolla is purple, purplish red to blue, the filaments are flat, the flower column is thin and long, the flower disc is annular, the ovary is brown, and the small nuts are in the shape of ovate balls. The root of the scutellaria baicalensis is used as the medicine, is bitter in taste and cold in nature, and has the effects of clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire and removing toxicity, stopping bleeding, preventing miscarriage and the like. It can be used for treating epidemic febrile disease, upper respiratory infection, cough due to lung heat, yellow gallbladder due to damp-heat, pneumonia, dysentery, hemoptysis, conjunctival congestion, threatened abortion, hypertension, carbuncle, furuncle, and sore.

At present, the market supply mode of the traditional Chinese medicine scutellaria baicalensis raw material is fundamentally changed from the original mode of mining wild resources to supply to the market to the mode of taking artificial planting as the main market at present. The growth cycle of artificially planted scutellaria baicalensis is 3 years, and two types of cultivation methods of direct seeding and seedling transplantation are mainly adopted. The propagation of scutellaria seeds is the main seedling raising mode of scutellaria. The large-field drill seeding method is adopted in most areas for planting, the scutellaria seeds are small, the covering soil is shallow during seeding, and a large amount of seedlings are deficient due to drought soil or uneven surface soil, large soil grains and difficult seedling emergence.

In conclusion, how to provide a scutellaria baicalensis seedling raising method with high survival rate and simple and convenient operation is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a scutellaria baicalensis seedling raising method.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a scutellaria baicalensis seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting a site of a seedling raising field: selecting soil or sand pulp soil with neutral pH value as a seedling culture field;

(2) land preparation and fertilization operation: after removing the impurities on the ground, leveling the soil, deep ploughing for more than 30cm, and fertilizing after deep ploughing the soil, wherein 5-8 m of fertilizer is applied per mu³；

Deep ploughing the land and ensuring reasonable land fertility, and is beneficial to obtaining high-quality root seedlings of scutellaria baicalensis with longer main roots.

(3) Arranging a seedling raising bed: the height of a seedling bed is 20-25 cm, the width of a bed surface is 110-120 cm, the width of a ditch between beds is 35-40 cm, and the length is 50-60 m;

carry out high bed and grow seedlings, can avoid or alleviate the injury to the seedling of season at waterlogging, dig the seedling and play the seedling when also being favorable to growing into. The seedbed should not be too wide, too wide is not beneficial to weed pulling, too long is not suitable, and over 50m is not beneficial to spray irrigation by using micro-spray belts.

(4) And (3) installation of matched irrigation facilities: sprinkling irrigation is carried out by adopting a micro-sprinkling belt so as to ensure the requirement on moisture; the installation adopts 40mm or 50 mm's PE black pipe or fire-fighting belt, according to seedbed cross-cut direction every 50m (or according to 100m lay, two sides supply water) lay a main pipeline, along the seedbed is vertical, with 32 mm's spout area, lay one at every 3m, namely every 2 beds one. Each micro-spraying belt is respectively provided with a control valve (ball valve). Every 10 micro-spraying belts are provided with 1 control main valve. The water is supplied by a water pump with the caliber of 50mm and the power of more than 7.5 kw.

(5) Seed cleaning: sieving the seeds, winnowing, soaking and washing the seeds with saline water and washing the seeds with clear water to obtain pretreated seeds;

through seed cleaning, can further clear away not enough and have the seed that the plumpness is damaged or worm-eaten, improve seed unit weight, can also clear away dirt mould etc. that the seed surface carried simultaneously, have certain disinfection effect, be favorable to guaranteeing whole seedling, sound seedling.

(6) Seed soaking and germination accelerating:

(61) placing the pretreated seeds in hot water at 60 ℃ and stirring for 15min, wherein the volume ratio of the pretreated seeds to the hot water is 1:5, cooling to below 35 ℃, and soaking for 4 h;

(62) after soaking, soaking the seeds in a seed mixing solution for 2 hours, wherein the volume of the seed mixing solution is 1.5-2 times of that of the seeds, and obtaining expanded seeds;

(63) uniformly stirring the expanded seeds and the matrix, then placing the mixture at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for accelerating germination, keeping the humidity at 60% -80%, turning the mixture for 1 time every 1-2 days, and obtaining the accelerating germination seeds after 3-5 days when the bud length of 1/3 seeds is 0.5cm and the cracks of 1/3 seeds appear white, and preparing for sowing;

the seed soaking and germination accelerating are carried out, the seedling emergence time after sowing can be shortened, and the labor intensity of management before seedling is reduced.

(7) Sowing: sowing for 4-6 months in spring, uniformly sowing the germination accelerating seeds after mixing the seeds with bacillus subtilis, using 10 hundred million live bacillus/g wettable powder, sowing 12g of bacillus subtilis and germination accelerating seeds per square meter, covering soil with the thickness of 5-10 mm after sowing, and slightly pressing;

(8) seedling aligning management;

and (4) when the second true leaf grows to be uniform after sowing, the seedling stage is uniform, and the time is about 1 month.

(9) Seedling stage management: doing well in weeding and insect pest prevention;

after seedlings are aligned, when four true leaves grow, carrying out primary weed pulling work, and pulling out redundant regenerated seedlings in cooperation with weed pulling.

Continuously controlling the soil humidity, properly squatting the seedlings without drought and watering, and preventing the seedlings from overgrowing.

Before the high temperature comes, spraying garlic leaching liquor once to prevent powdery mildew.

During the rain and waterlogging, attention needs to be paid to prevent waterlogging.

If the bud amount is large, about 80 percent of buds need to be headed when flowering, so that the nutrient consumption during flowering is reduced.

If insect pest occurs, 10ml of 1% celastrus angulatus emulsifiable solution or 30-45 ml of 1% sophora flavescens soluble liquid agent is uniformly sprayed with 60kg of water for prevention and treatment in each mu in the initial stage.

(10) Lifting and storing the seedlings.

Preferably, the fertilizer applied in the step (2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-15-1550-70 parts of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer KH₂PO₄12-18 parts of humic acid fertilizer, 200-250 parts of humic acid fertilizer and 40-70 parts of ferrous sulfate.

Preferably, the specific operation of step (5) is:

(51) sieving: sieving seeds to remove impurities of soil, stone, stems and leaves, wherein the aperture for sieving is 1cm multiplied by 1 cm;

(52) winnowing: then removing dust particles, stem leaf fine scraps and blighted grains by air separation;

(53) soaking and washing with saline water: placing the winnowed seeds in salt solution with the mass concentration of 15-20% according to the volume ratio of 1:2, uniformly stirring for 3min, standing, and collecting seeds at the bottom of the salt solution after the seeds with different volume weights are fully separated in the salt solution;

(54) soaking and washing with clear water: and (3) soaking and washing the collected seeds in clear water at a volume ratio of 1:2 for 3min, and repeating for 2-3 times to obtain the pretreated seeds.

Preferably, the seed mixing solution in the step (62) is aspirin solution, willow branch soaking solution, B12 injection or gibberellin solution with the concentration of 25 ppm.

Preferably, the volume ratio of the expanded seeds to the matrix in the step (63) is 1:5, and the matrix is any one of fine sand, coal ash or vermiculite powder.

Preferably, the specific operation of step (8) is:

(81) after sowing, spraying permeable water for one time in time to ensure that the water content of a 0-10 cm soil layer of the seedling bed reaches a saturated state; after spraying water, selecting to spray pendimethalin once to control part of weeds, wherein the volume of the herbicide is 100ml per mu;

(82) before seedling emergence, properly spraying water in a time period of 9-12 am and 3-5 pm to ensure that the humidity of a seedling bed is 80-85%;

(83) when the seedling emergence reaches 80%, controlling the humidity of the seedling bed to be 65% -70%;

preferably, the specific operation of step (10) is: digging in 11 months to keep the length of the main root above 25 cm; then, the root seedlings are classified and stored.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the problem of low common survival rate of the scutellaria baicalensis is effectively solved, the industrialization of the scutellaria baicalensis can be developed in a large area by seedling transplantation, the survival rate is improved by more than 30% compared with a direct seeding mode, the yield per mu is increased by more than 10%, and the process is simple and easy to operate; (2) deeply ploughing the land and ensuring reasonable land fertility, and is beneficial to obtaining high-quality root seedlings of the scutellaria baicalensis with longer main roots; (3) high-bed seedling raising is carried out, so that the damage to seedlings in rainy and waterlogged seasons can be avoided or reduced, and the seedlings can be dug and lifted during breeding; (4) by cleaning the seeds, seeds with insufficient plumpness and damaged or damaged insects can be further removed, the volume weight of the seeds is improved, meanwhile, dust, dirt, mildew and the like carried on the surfaces of the seeds can be removed, a certain disinfection effect is achieved, and the full and strong seedlings are ensured; (5) the seed soaking and germination accelerating are carried out, the seedling emergence time after sowing can be shortened, and the labor intensity of management before seedling is reduced.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The required medicament is a conventional experimental medicament purchased from a market channel; the unrecited experimental method is a conventional experimental method, and is not described in detail herein.

Example 1

(1) Selecting a site of a seedling raising field: selecting a region which has cool and appropriate climate, neutral pH value, soil or sandy soil and convenient operation.

(2) Land preparation and fertilization operation: after the impurities on the ground are cleaned, the land is leveled, and the land with the fall can be leveled into different horizontal planes, so that the watering and the irrigation are facilitated. Ploughing the leveled soil to a depth of more than 30cm, and fertilizing 5-8 m per mu in combination with ploughing³. After the soil is ploughed, the soil is ploughed by rotary tillage or harrowing and leveled, no soil block of more than 3cm is ensured, and certain compactness of the soil is ensured.

Further, the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-15-1550-70 parts of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer and KH containing multiple microelements₂PO₄12-18 parts of humic acid fertilizer, 200-250 parts of humic acid fertilizer and 40-70 parts of ferrous sulfate.

(3) Arranging a seedling raising bed: after the soil is prepared, a seedling bed is immediately manufactured, wherein the bed height is 20cm, the bed surface width is 110cm, the width of a ditch between beds is 40cm, and the length is 50 m. And (5) finishing and compacting.

(4) And (3) installation of matched irrigation facilities: through comprehensive evaluation, the micro-spraying belt is adopted for sprinkling irrigation in the whole seedling raising process so as to ensure the requirement of the scutellaria baicalensis seedlings on water from sowing to seedling lifting. The installation adopts 40mm or 50 mm's PE black pipe or fire-fighting belt, according to seedbed cross-cut direction every 50m (or according to 100m lay, two sides supply water) lay a main pipeline, along the seedbed vertically, with 32 mm's spout area, every 3m lay once namely every 2 beds one. Each micro-spraying belt is respectively provided with a control valve (ball valve). Every 10 micro-spraying belts are provided with 1 control main valve. The water is supplied by a water pump with the caliber of 50mm and the power of more than 7.5 kw. And after the installation and the debugging are finished, the device is ready for use.

(5) Seed cleaning:

(54) soaking and washing with clear water: and (3) soaking and washing the collected seeds in clear water at a volume ratio of 1:2 for 3min for 2-3 times to obtain the pretreated seeds.

(6) Seed soaking and germination accelerating:

(61) sieving fine sand (or coal ash or vermiculite powder) 5 times of the pretreated seeds for later use;

(62) pouring the pretreated seeds into hot water of 60 ℃ which is 5 times of the amount of the seeds, stirring while pouring, and passing through high temperature to kill most pathogenic bacteria carried on the surfaces of the seeds. Stirring for 15min, cooling to below 35 deg.C, and soaking for 4 hr;

(63) soaking in 25ppm gibberellin solution at room temperature for about 2h, wherein the volume of the 25ppm gibberellin solution is 1.5-2 times of that of the seeds, and the seeds are expanded when absorbing water to about 90%;

(64) uniformly stirring the seeds which swell after absorbing water with fine sand of 5 times, placing the seeds at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for accelerating germination, keeping the humidity at 60% -80%, turning over for 1 time every 1-2 days, starting germination in about 5 days, and preparing for sowing when the seed buds of 1/3 are about 0.5cm long and the seed cracks of 1/3 are white.

(7) Sowing:

(71) the sowing time in spring is 4-6 months, and the specific sowing time is determined in each place according to local climate, so that people do not want to be late in the morning. Winter sowing can also be considered, germination is not carried out in winter sowing, and dry seeds are adopted for direct sowing.

(72) And (2) uniformly sowing the seeds which are well promoted to sprout after being mixed with bacillus subtilis, wherein the ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the seeds which are promoted to sprout is 1: 10-15, about 12g of the seeds are sowed per square meter, soil with the thickness of 5-10 mm is covered after sowing, and slight pressing is carried out to ensure that the seeds are tightly combined with the soil. The bed surface can be covered with a thin layer of rice straw, wheat straw and other materials to facilitate the moisture preservation of the seedbed.

(8) And (3) aligning seedlings:

after sowing, spraying permeable water for one time in time to ensure that the water content of a 0-10 cm soil layer of the seedbed reaches a saturated state; (after spraying water, one-time pendimethalin spraying can be selected to control part of weeds, and 100ml of pendimethalin can be sprayed per mu);

before seedling emergence, spraying water properly at the time intervals of 9-12 am and 3-5 pm to ensure that the humidity of a seedbed is kept at 80-85% so as to facilitate the breaking of soil and seedling emergence of seeds;

when the seedlings emerge to reach about 80%, the water spraying frequency is properly reduced, the humidity of the seedbed is controlled to be 65% -70%, and the diseases such as damping off, root retting, withering and the like are prevented;

the seeding is too early, and the freezing injury to the seedlings caused by late spring coldness is prevented in the period.

(9) Seedling stage management:

after seedlings are aligned, when about four true leaves grow, carrying out primary weed pulling work, and pulling out redundant regenerated seedlings in cooperation with weed pulling;

continuously controlling the soil humidity, properly squatting the seedlings without drought or watering, and preventing the seedlings from overgrowing;

spraying garlic extract for one time before high temperature comes to prevent powdery mildew;

during the rain and waterlogging period, attention needs to be paid to prevention of waterlogging;

if the bud amount is large, heading is carried out when about 80 percent of buds are about to bloom, and the flower heads are knocked off from the base parts of flower stems of the buds, so that the nutrient consumption caused by blooming is reduced;

(10) And (3) pest control: the method is mainly based on an operation mode and a physical method, is used for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, is assisted by biological prevention and control, and avoids using chemically synthesized pesticides.

(11) Lifting and storing seedlings: in 11 months, before the land is frozen, the land is excavated by manual or mechanical means, the integrity of the main root is ensured as much as possible during excavation, the length of the main root is kept above 25cm, the overground part can be excavated along with the root and the seedling without treatment, and the seedling is convenient to complete. After the seedlings are lifted, the root seedlings are classified according to the specification and size, bundled into bundles according to uniform number and filled into a basket with the height of 20 cm. Or after grading, the materials are scattered into baskets according to the uniform weight. And (3) putting the well-organized seedlings into a refrigeration house for storage, or digging a storage ditch with the width of 150cm and the depth of 80cm in the field, arranging 2-3 layers in the ditch, covering a plastic film on the top of the ditch, and then covering a straw mat with the thickness of 10-20 cm for storage.

Comparative example 1 seedling raising in seedling raising pot

(1) Selecting a seedling raising land: selecting a place which is leeward, has 5 to 7 hours of average sunshine and is convenient for traffic, irrigation and drainage as a seedling growing place.

(2) Selecting a nutrition cup: selecting a polyethylene film bag with the thickness of 0.02-0.03 mm, the diameter of 4-6 cm and the height of 10-12 cm, penetrating round holes with the diameter of 0.5cm through the bag wall every 2cm, and draining and ventilating.

(3) Preparing nutrient soil: the method comprises the steps of selecting yellow soil core soil and burnt turf mud, wherein the ratio of the yellow soil core soil to the burnt turf mud is 4:3, namely 4 parts of the yellow soil core soil and 3 parts of the burnt turf mud are respectively finely sieved, uniformly mixed and stirred, filled into a nutrition container, and then regularly placed on the ground to form a cup bed, wherein the cup bed is arranged in the north-south direction, the bed width is 1.5-1.8 meters, drainage ditches are arranged on the periphery, the footpath width is 30 centimeters, the ditch bottom is required to be flat, and the ditch bottom is slightly inclined towards the periphery.

(4) After the seeds are harvested from the season of frost reduction to the season of winter, the seeds are germinated, the germination accelerating method is the same as the step (6) in the embodiment 1, the seeds after germination accelerating are dibbled in a nutrition cup, 3-5 seeds are sowed in each cup, then, the turf mud sieved by a fine sieve is mixed with yellow core soil to uniformly cover a cup bed, the mixture is thoroughly drenched by taking the invisible seeds as the degree, and then, a plastic mulching film is covered on the cup bed surface to preserve heat and moisture.

(5) Uncovering the mulching film: when 50-60% of the sprouts come out of the soil, removing the plastic mulching film covered in the evening or in the cloudy day, if the continuous sunny day is met, drying the bed surface, spraying water with a spray can in the morning and at night, and removing the covering, paying attention to prevent bird damage.

(6) After seedlings are shaded, a shading shed is built in time for shading, and the transmittance of the shading net is 65-70%.

Comparative example 2 direct seeding

Sowing in the soil after ten days in the middle of 4 months, drying the seeds 1d before sowing, wherein the sowing quantity is 12kg/hm²Ditching is carried out according to the line spacing of 25-27 cm, the depth of the ditches is 2-3 cm, seeds are uniformly sowed in the ditches, soil is covered by about 1cm, the soil is lightly compacted, the soil moisture content is kept after sowing, watering is needed if the soil moisture content is too poor, the seeds are covered by grass, and seedlings emerge after sowing in 10-15 days when the temperature is about 15 ℃.

Experiment 1

The effect pairs of the three planting methods of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 comparison of the effects of three planting methods

Planting mode	Seed/mu	Increase the cost per mu	The rate of emergence%	Yield/mu
					Raising seedlings in field	5-6kg	80-120 Yuan	78	450-480kg
Seedling raising pot	2-3kg	260-280	85	420-450kg
					Direct seeding of seeds	8-10kg	—	55	300-320kg

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A scutellaria baicalensis seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(4) and (3) installation of matched irrigation facilities: sprinkling irrigation is carried out by adopting a micro-sprinkling belt so as to ensure the requirement on moisture;

(6) seed soaking and germination accelerating:

(63) uniformly stirring the expanded seeds and the matrix, then placing the mixture at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for accelerating germination, keeping the humidity at 60% -80%, turning the mixture for 1 time every 1-2 days, obtaining the accelerating germination seeds after 3-5 days, and preparing for sowing;

(7) sowing: sowing for 4-6 months in spring, uniformly sowing the germination accelerating seeds after dressing the seeds with bacillus subtilis at a ratio of 1: 10-15, sowing 12g of the germination accelerating seeds per square meter, covering soil with the thickness of 5-10 mm after sowing, and slightly pressing;

(8) seedling aligning management;

(10) lifting and storing the seedlings.

2. A scutellaria baicalensis seedling growing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer applied in the step (2) comprises the following components in parts by mass: 15-15-1550-70 parts of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer KH₂PO₄12-18 parts of humic acid fertilizer, 200-250 parts of humic acid fertilizer and 40-70 parts of ferrous sulfate.

3. A scutellaria baicalensis seedling growing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific operation of the step (5) is as follows:

4. A scutellaria baicalensis seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the seed mixing solution in the step (62) is aspirin solution, willow branch soaking solution, B12 injection or gibberellin solution with 25 ppm.

5. A scutellaria baicalensis seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the swollen seeds to the matrix in the step (63) is 1:5, and the matrix is any one of fine sand, coal ash or vermiculite powder.

6. A scutellaria baicalensis seedling growing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific operation of the step (8) is as follows:

(81) after sowing, spraying water for one time in time to ensure that the water content of a 0-10 cm soil layer of the seedling bed reaches a saturated state;

(83) when the seedling emergence reaches 80%, the humidity of the seedling bed is controlled to be 65-70%.

7. A scutellaria baicalensis seedling growing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific operation of the step (10) is as follows: digging in 11 months to keep the length of the main root above 25 cm; then, the root seedlings are classified and stored.