CN111295965A

CN111295965A - Kiwi fruit low-yield garden soil improvement method

Info

Publication number: CN111295965A
Application number: CN202010191813.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 廖慧苹; 李治菲; 方莉; 王祖华; 徐兴柱; 郑昌锐
Original assignee: Sichuan Huasheng Agriculture Co ltd
Current assignee: Sichuan Huasheng Agriculture Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-03-18
Filing date: 2020-03-18
Publication date: 2020-06-19

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving soil of a kiwi fruit low-yield garden, which comprises the following steps of a, determining a soil improvement area, wherein the soil improvement area is positioned outside a kiwi fruit field planting zone by 30-50 cm; b, applying a compound fertilizer comprising an organic fertilizer, plant particles, a water-soluble fertilizer and a soil conditioner in a soil improvement area; c, carrying out first deep ploughing in the soil improvement area, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 60-70 cm; d, carrying out rotary tillage in the deeply ploughed soil improvement area; and e, carrying out secondary deep ploughing in the soil improvement area after rotary tillage, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 60-70 cm. By adopting the method for improving the soil of the kiwi fruit low-yield garden, the yield and the quality of the kiwi fruit low-yield garden are increased.

Description

Kiwi fruit low-yield garden soil improvement method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for improving soil of a kiwi fruit low-yield garden, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement.

Background

The kiwi fruit is a perennial vine fruit tree with fallen leaves, belongs to the genus Actinidia of Actinidiaceae, belongs to semi-negative plants, has strong adaptability, avoids strong sunshine, is native to Yangtze river basin in China, and mostly grows below the altitude of 2000 m. The kiwi fruit is rich in nutrition, and the total sugar content is 8% -14%, wherein glucose is mainly used, and fructose is used secondarily. Also contains 12 kinds of amino acids, rich protein and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, etc., and is one of the fruits with rich nutrition. Because the kiwi fruit has comprehensive and rich nutrition and contains some important substances indispensable to human body, the kiwi fruit has important functions of keeping human health and preventing and treating diseases.

In the production practice, the soil which can completely meet the planting requirement of high-quality kiwifruits is little, the kiwifruits grow in the same place for decades, after the time is long, the height of a kiwifruit garden is uneven, water accumulation is easy to cause, the soil is seriously hardened, the root system is not breathable, the fertility is reduced, various trace elements are reduced, plants absorb less nutrition, the fruit quality and the yield are reduced year by year, the tree vigor is weak, the phenomenon troubles fruit growers for a long time, the existing method is generally only treated according to a common fertilizing and topdressing method, but the effect on crops which grow for many years, particularly bear fruits for long years is very little.

The existing kiwi fruit orchard adopts a compartment type layout, a large number of open ditches are not beneficial to mechanical operation, and the working efficiency of the orchard is low; and the limitations of land collection shape replication, small land mass, shallow soil layer, low soil, multiple stones, living plants and the like generally exist, so that the soil improvement is very difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: aiming at the problems, the invention provides the method for improving the kiwi fruit low-yield garden soil, and the method can be used for increasing the yield and the quality of the kiwi fruit low-yield garden kiwi fruit.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for improving soil of a kiwi fruit low-yield garden comprises the following steps:

step a, determining a soil improvement area, wherein the soil improvement area is positioned outside a kiwi fruit field planting zone by 30-50 cm;

b, applying a compound fertilizer comprising an organic fertilizer, plant particles, a water-soluble fertilizer and a soil conditioner in a soil improvement area;

c, carrying out first deep ploughing in the soil improvement area, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 60-70 cm;

d, carrying out rotary tillage in the deeply ploughed soil improvement area;

and e, carrying out secondary deep ploughing in the soil improvement area after rotary tillage, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 60-70 cm.

In the method, the condition that the backbone root system of the kiwi fruit tree is damaged in the soil improvement process and the growth of the kiwi fruit tree is influenced can be avoided by selecting the soil improvement area to be more than 30-50cm from the kiwi fruit field planting zone. By applying the organic fertilizer, the organic matter content of the soil can be increased, the soil can be cured, the fertilizer-keeping and fertilizer-supplying capacity of the soil can be increased, the growth of the kiwi fruits can be promoted and the quality of the kiwi fruits can be improved by active substances and the like generated after the organic fertilizer is decomposed, the dissolution of mineral nutrients in the soil and the fertilizer can be promoted by organic acid generated by the decomposition of the organic matter, the absorption of crops is facilitated, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved; the plant particles are small blocky or granular plants, have better water retention capacity, enable soil to be fluffy and not to be hardened easily, facilitate the growth of root systems, and can provide required nutrients for the kiwi fruits; the water-soluble fertilizer can provide nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the quality of the kiwi fruits can be improved by adding low-concentration sulfur; the soil conditioner can adjust the pH value of soil, so that the pH value of the soil conforms to the growth of kiwi fruit trees, trace elements are provided, and insect pests are killed. The soil and the fertilizer are mixed to facilitate absorption through the first deep ploughing, and the deep ploughing is 60-70cm at the same time, which is 20-60cm greater than the depth of the common root system in the soil, so that the growth space of the root system of the kiwi fruit tree can be enlarged, hardened soil is broken, the permeability of the soil is increased, and the growth of the root system of the kiwi fruit is facilitated. Soil can be finely divided through rotary tillage, so that the soil is more fluffy and is more favorable for the growth of kiwi fruit trees. Deeply ploughing through the second time makes soil and fertilizer mix more evenly, can not appear the uneven phenomenon of fertility to make fluffy earth evenly distributed behind the rotary tillage.

Preferably, the step a further comprises filling and leveling the planting compartment ditches of the current compartment into a large compartment.

In the scheme, the open ditches in the orchard can be reduced by combining the sub-compartments into the large compartments, the mechanical working surface in the orchard can be enlarged, the mechanical operation is facilitated, and the working efficiency is improved.

Preferably, the planting compartment ditches are filled and leveled by using top soil.

In the scheme, the loose and soft surface soil is a place containing the most organic matters and microorganisms in the soil, and is more favorable for the growth of the kiwi fruits.

Preferably, step a further comprises the step of making the car surface slope down and making the slope consistent.

In the scheme, the slope of the orchard is consistent through the slope falling, and surface drainage is facilitated.

Preferably, in step a, the width of the soil improvement area is 2.5 to 2.9 m.

In the scheme, the width of the soil improvement area is determined according to the distance between the two kiwi fruit planting belts, and the setting of 2.5-2.9m can ensure that the kiwi fruit root system has a good space in the width growth direction.

Preferably, in the step b, the organic fertilizer is fermented and decomposed farmyard manure, and the plant particles are rice hulls or broken tree barks.

In the scheme, the farmyard manure refers to various organic fertilizers collected, accumulated and planted in rural areas, such as human excrement, stable manure, compost, green manure, mud manure, plant ash and the like, only decomposed organic fertilizers can play a role in improving soil, and if the undecomposed organic fertilizers are applied, the organic fertilizers can naturally ferment in the soil to generate heat and burn roots; and the non-decomposed organic fertilizer contains a large amount of ova and germs, the temperature rises again in the next year, and insect pests and diseases in the soil are increased.

Preferably, in step b, the soil conditioner comprises lime, gypsum and sulphur.

In the scheme, the lime can adjust the pH value of the soil and kill insect pests in the soil; the gypsum can provide sulfur element and calcium element required by the kiwi fruit; sulfur can provide sulfur element and has insecticidal effect, and has better insecticidal effect by matching lime and sulfur

Preferably, the usage amount of the compound fertilizer in the step b is as follows: organic fertilizer 4500-5500 KG/mu, plant particles 4.5-5.5m³Per mu, 45-55 KG/mu of water-soluble fertilizer, 4.5-5.5 KG/mu of lime, 2.5-3.5 KG/mu of gypsum and 1.5-2.5 KG/mu of sulfur.

In the scheme, the compound fertilizer can play the best promotion role by applying a proper amount of the compound fertilizer, and the best effect cannot be achieved by too much or too little application amount.

Preferably, in step d, the soil improvement area is rotary tilled 2 times.

In the above scheme, the soil is fluffier and more beneficial to the growth of the kiwi fruits by 2 times of rotary tillage.

Preferably, after the deep ploughing for the second time in the step e, the orchard compartment surface is arranged into a fish back compartment surface.

In the scheme, the box surface is arranged into the fish back box surface with the high middle and the low two sides, so that water can be drained from the surface of the box surface without accumulated water.

Preferably, during steps c-e, the soil is picked up for riprap.

Preferably, the soil improvement time is winter.

In the scheme, the damage of partial lateral roots by soil improvement in winter does not affect the growth of the kiwi fruit tree, the water storage capacity and the fertility are improved, and overwintering pests are eliminated.

According to the method for improving the soil of the kiwi fruit low-yield garden, a proper soil improvement area is determined, the soil of the improvement area is properly improved, and a fertilizer suitable for the growth of kiwi fruit is applied, so that the root system of kiwi fruit can grow to a deeper and wider area, and nutrients can be better absorbed, and the yield, the commodity fruit rate and the mouth position of the produced kiwi fruit are greatly improved.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. soil is fluffy by improving the soil, and the fertility is increased, so that the yield and the quality of the kiwi fruits are improved;

2. insect pests in soil can be killed, so that the probability of insect pests on kiwi trees is reduced;

3. the dividing boxes are combined into a large box, so that open ditches in the orchard can be reduced, the mechanical operation surface in the orchard can be enlarged, the mechanical operation is facilitated, and the working efficiency is improved;

4. through the adverse slope and set up the fish back railway carriage or compartment face and be favorable to the drainage, avoid water to pile up in soil and influence the kiwi fruit and grow.

Drawings

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a soil improvement compartment.

The labels in the figure are: 1-kiwi fruit planting zone, 2-soil improvement area.

Detailed Description

All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.

Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

And respectively taking a plurality of low-yield gardens with equivalent conditions in the same area for experimental comparison.

Example 1

A method for improving soil of a kiwi fruit low-yield garden in winter comprises the following steps:

filling and leveling the divided planting compartment ditches by using surface soil to form a large compartment, enabling the slope and the dip of an orchard to be consistent through a falling slope, and determining that a soil improvement area is positioned outside a kiwi fruit planting belt 30 according to the backbone root range of kiwi fruits, wherein the width of the soil improvement area is 2.9 m;

step b, applying decomposed farmyard manure of 4500 KG/mu and rice husk of 4.5m to the soil improvement area³45 KG/mu of water-soluble fertilizer, 4.5 KG/mu of lime, 2.5 KG/mu of gypsum and 1.5 KG/mu of sulfur;

c, deeply turning over the soil improvement area for 60cm, and picking up the riprap;

d, carrying out rotary tillage for 2 times in the deeply ploughed soil improvement area, and picking up the riprap;

e, deeply turning for 60cm again in the soil improvement area after rotary tillage, picking up the riprap, and arranging the orchard compartment surface into a fish back compartment surface.

Example 2

filling and leveling the divided planting compartment ditches by using surface soil to form a large compartment, enabling the slope and the dip of an orchard to be consistent through a falling slope, and determining that a soil improvement area is positioned outside a kiwi fruit planting belt 50 according to the backbone root system range of kiwi fruits, wherein the width of the soil improvement area is 2.5 m;

step b, applying decomposed farmyard manure 5500 KG/mu in a soil improvement area, and crushing barks to 5.5m³55 KG/mu of water-soluble fertilizer, 5.5 KG/mu of lime, 3.5 KG/mu of gypsum and 2.5 KG/mu of sulfur;

c, deeply turning over the soil improvement area by 70cm and picking up the riprap;

e, deeply turning over for 70cm again in the soil improvement area after rotary tillage, picking up the riprap, and arranging the orchard compartment surface into a fish back compartment surface.

Example 3

filling and leveling the divided planting compartment ditches by using surface soil to form a large compartment, enabling the slope and the dip of an orchard to be consistent through a falling slope, and determining that a soil improvement area is positioned outside a kiwi fruit planting belt 40 according to the backbone root range of kiwi fruits, wherein the width of the soil improvement area is 2.7 m;

step b, applying decomposed farmyard manure of 5000 KG/mu and rice hulls of 5m in a soil improvement area³50 KG/mu of water-soluble fertilizer, 5 KG/mu of lime, 3 KG/mu of gypsum and 2 KG/mu of sulfur;

c, deeply turning over 65cm in the soil improvement area, and picking up riprap;

and e, deeply turning for 65cm again in the soil improvement area after rotary tillage, picking up the riprap, and arranging the orchard compartment surface into a fish back compartment surface.

Comparative example 1

This comparative example is a blank comparison, no soil improvement was performed.

Comparative example 2

The difference between the comparative example and the example 3 is that no plant particles are applied in the step b, and in the step b, decomposed farmyard manure is applied to a soil improvement area at 5000 KG/mu, water soluble fertilizer is applied at 50 KG/mu, lime is applied at 5 KG/mu, gypsum is applied at 3 KG/mu and sulphur is applied at 2 KG/mu.

Comparative example 3

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that no lime is applied in step b, i.e. a decomposed farmyard manure of 5000 KG/acre and 5m plant granules are applied in the soil improvement area³50 KG/mu of water-soluble fertilizer, 3 KG/mu of gypsum and 2 KG/mu of sulfur.

Comparative example 4

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that no sulphur was applied in step b, i.e. thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure of 5000 KG/acre and plant granules of 5m were applied in the soil improvement area³50 KG/mu of water-soluble fertilizer, 5 KG/mu of lime and 3 KG/mu of gypsum.

Comparative example 5

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that lime and sulphur were not applied in step b, where decomposed farmyard manure was applied at 5000 KG/acre in a soil improvement area, and plant granules were 5m³50 KG/mu of water-soluble fertilizer and 3 KG/mu of gypsum.

Comparative example 6

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that no gypsum was applied in step b, and in step b, composted farmyard manure was applied to the soil improvement area at 5000 KG/acre, plant particles 5m³50 KG/mu of water-soluble fertilizer and 2 KG/mu of sulfur.

Comparative example 7

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that no gypsum and sulphur were applied in step b, which was a mature farmyard manure of 5000 KG/acre, 5m plant granules, in the soil improvement area³50 KG/mu of water-soluble fertilizer and 2 KG/mu of sulfur.

Comparative example 8

This comparative example differs from example 3 in the application rate in step b of applying matured farmyard manure 6000 KG/acre and plant granules 6m in the soil improvement area³60 KG/mu of water-soluble fertilizer, 6 KG/mu of lime, 4 KG/mu of gypsum and 3 KG/mu of sulfur;

comparative example 9

This comparative example differs from example 3 in the application rate in step b of applying matured farmyard manure 4000 KG/acre and 4m plant particles in the soil improvement area³40 KG/mu of water-soluble fertilizer, 4 KG/mu of lime, 2 KG/mu of gypsum and 1 KG/mu of sulfur;

comparative example 10

The difference between the comparative example and the example 3 is that the compartment surface is directly arranged into the fish back compartment surface after the rotary tillage in the step d, and the second deep digging is not carried out.

Comparative example 11

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: d, rotary tillage is not carried out.

Comparative example 12

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: steps c-e were not performed.

Comparative example 13

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: and e, not finishing the deep-turning back compartment surface into a fish back compartment surface.

Comparative example 14

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: in steps c and e, the depth of the deep-turning is 40 cm.

Comparative example 15

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: in step a, the width of the soil improvement area is 2 m.

Comparative example 16

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: in step a, the width of the soil improvement area is 1 m.

Comparative example 17

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: in the step a, the soil improvement area is located outside the kiwi fruit field planting zone by 60 cm.

Comparative example 18

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: in the step a, the soil improvement area is located outside the kiwi fruit field planting zone by 70 cm.

Comparative example 19

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: in the step a, the soil improvement area is located beyond 25cm of the kiwi fruit field planting zone.

Comparative example 20

This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: in the step a, the soil improvement area is located outside the kiwi fruit field planting zone by 20 cm.

By observing the growth and fruit bearing conditions of the kiwi fruits in the following year in the above examples and comparative examples, the following conditions are provided:

wherein, the average weight is the single average kind of kiwi fruit, soluble sugar, titratable acid, soluble solid and vitamin C are the average data of measuring a plurality of, and the solid-acid ratio influences the taste of kiwi fruit.

The embodiment 1-3 can greatly improve the quality of the kiwi fruits by improving the soil, the single weight of the kiwi fruits is improved by 30-40%, the contents of nutrient vitamin C and the like are improved, the solid acid ratio is increased, the mouthfeel of the kiwi fruits is improved, the quality of an orchard is recovered, and the yield and the quality of the kiwi fruits are maintained within 5 years.

By comparing comparative example 2 and example 3, it can be seen that the absence of application of plant particles results in a single weight of kiwi fruit, and the taste is greatly reduced, because the absence of application of plant particles results in insufficient soil fluffiness, which affects the growth of kiwi fruit.

By comparing comparative example 3 with example 3, it can be seen that the quality of kiwi fruit of comparative example 3 is slightly reduced without using lime; meanwhile, a part of fruit trees have slight insect pests, and a small amount of insecticide is needed.

By comparing comparative example 4 with example 3, it can be seen that the single weight quality of the kiwi fruits is greatly reduced after the sulfur is not used in comparative example 4; meanwhile, a part of fruit trees have slight insect pests, and a small amount of insecticide is needed.

By comparing the comparative example 5 with the example 3, it can be seen that the single weight quality of the kiwi fruits is greatly reduced after the comparative example 5 does not use lime and sulfur, and the reduction range is larger than that of the kiwi fruits which do not use one of the lime and sulfur; meanwhile, most fruit trees have insect pests with different degrees, and a pesticide is required to be used.

By comparing comparative example 6 with example 3, it can be seen that there is a slight decrease in kiwi quality after comparative example 6 uses no gypsum.

By comparing comparative example 7 with example 3, it can be seen that the quality of the kiwi fruits is greatly reduced after the comparative example 7 does not use sulfur and gypsum; meanwhile, the fruit trees have slight insect pests.

By comparing comparative example 8 and example 3, it can be seen that comparative example 8 uses excess compound fertilizer, the quality yield of kiwi fruit is not continuously improved, and slightly decreases, and the production of kiwi fruit is influenced by excess fertility.

By comparing comparative example 9 with example 3, it can be seen that comparative example 9 uses an insufficient amount of the compound fertilizer so that the kiwi quality does not achieve the best results.

From examples 1-3 and comparative examples 8-9, it can be seen that the plant particles are 4.5-5.5m in the application of 4500-5500 KG/mu organic fertilizer³The best effect can be achieved when the fertilizer is 45-55 KG/mu water-soluble fertilizer, 4.5-5.5 KG/mu lime, 2.5-2.9.5 KG/mu gypsum and 1.5-2.5 KG/mu sulfur.

By comparing comparative example 10 with example 3, it can be seen that comparative example 10 did not perform a second deep plowing, the kiwifruit quality was slightly degraded and the best results were not achieved.

By comparing the comparative example 11 with the example 3, it can be seen that the rotary tillage is not carried out in the comparative example 11, so that the quality of the kiwi fruit can slide down to a certain extent, and the best effect can not be achieved.

By comparing comparative example 12 with example 3, it can be seen that comparative example 12 does not carry out deep ploughing and rotary tillage, the kiwi fruit quality is poor, and the effect of soil improvement is not achieved.

By comparing the comparative example 13 with the example 3, it can be seen that the compartment surface of the comparative example 13 is not finished into a fish back compartment surface, so that the drainage of the surface of an orchard is not smooth, and accumulated water is caused to influence the growth of kiwi fruits so that the quality of the kiwi fruits is not good.

By comparing comparative example 15 with example 3, it can be seen that the comparative example 15 soil area was slightly shorter, with comparable kiwi quality in the second year, but comparative example 15 was less kiwi quality than example 3 in the third and fourth years.

By comparing comparative example 16 with example 3, it can be seen that comparative example 16 has insufficient soil improvement width, so that the quality of kiwi fruits in the second year is not good.

In comparative examples 17-18, the soil improvement area was too far from the kiwi fruit field planting, resulting in a kiwifruit that could not achieve a good absorption effect and a poor kiwifruit quality.

In comparative examples 19-20, the soil improvement area was too close to the kiwi fruit field planting zone, causing the excavation of part of the backbone root system, and the kiwi fruit tree withered and died more.

The kiwi fruit tree is dead due to the fact that the soil improvement zone is too close to the kiwi fruit field planting zone, the soil improvement effect is poor due to the fact that the soil improvement zone is too far away, and the distance for performing soil improvement beyond the kiwi fruit field planting zone by 30-50cm is the best distance.

In conclusion, the method for improving the soil of the low-yield kiwi fruit garden can greatly recover the quality of kiwi fruits, is favorable for mechanical operation and improves the working efficiency.

The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil of a kiwi fruit low-yield garden is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

d, carrying out rotary tillage in the deeply ploughed soil improvement area;

2. The method for improving the soil of the kiwi low-yield garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step a also includes filling and leveling the planting compartment ditches of the current compartment into a large compartment.

3. The method for improving the soil of the kiwi fruit low-yield garden as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and step a also comprises the step of carrying out the slope falling on the carriage surface and enabling the slope to be consistent.

4. The method for improving the soil of the kiwi low-yield garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, the width of the soil improvement area is 2.5-2.9 m.

5. The method for improving the soil of the kiwi low-yield garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, the organic fertilizer is fermented and decomposed farmyard manure, and the plant particles are rice hulls or broken barks.

6. The method for improving the soil of the kiwi low-yield garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, the soil conditioner comprises lime, gypsum and sulfur.

7. The method for improving the soil of the kiwi low-yield garden as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the usage amount of the compound fertilizer in the step b is as follows: organic fertilizer 4500-5500 KG/mu, plant particles 4.5-5.5m³Per mu, 45-55 KG/mu of water-soluble fertilizer, 4.5-5.5 KG/mu of lime, 2.5-3.5 KG/mu of gypsum and 1.5-2.5 KG/mu of sulfur.

8. The method for improving the soil of the kiwi low-yield garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step d, the soil improvement area is rotary tilled for 2 times.

9. The method for improving the soil of the kiwi low-yield garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and e, after deep turning for the second time, arranging the orchard compartment surface into a fish back compartment surface.

10. The method for improving the soil of the kiwi low-yield garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the soil improvement time is winter.