CN111269443B - 基于动态化学键交联的纳米凝胶及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

基于动态化学键交联的纳米凝胶及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN111269443B
CN111269443B CN202010060891.5A CN202010060891A CN111269443B CN 111269443 B CN111269443 B CN 111269443B CN 202010060891 A CN202010060891 A CN 202010060891A CN 111269443 B CN111269443 B CN 111269443B
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邓俊杰
王震
徐伟德
吴玲玲
吕建新
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Wenzhou Research Institute Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences Wenzhou Institute Of Biomaterials And Engineering
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于动态化学键交联的纳米凝胶及其制备方法与应用。该方法利用超支化聚乙烯亚胺的伯胺基团、海藻酸钠糖单元上的顺式二醇基团分别与交联剂4‑甲酰基苯硼酸的醛基、硼酸基反应形成可逆亚胺动态键与硼酸酯动态键,从而交联形成三维网络结构。本发明采用反相乳液法在室温20~25℃下制备基于动态化学键交联的多重响应性纳米凝胶。制备的纳米凝胶具有良好的生物相容性和稳定性,并在谷胱甘肽(GSH)、低pH值和H2O2信号刺激下快速响应降解,可用作生物活性分子如蛋白质、核酸等输送载体,在医药、食品和化妆品等领域具有广泛用途。

Description

基于动态化学键交联的纳米凝胶及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于功能高分子材料领域,具体涉及一种基于动态化学键交联的纳米凝胶及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
纳米凝胶被定义为纳米尺度的水凝胶,由于其尺寸小、能负载水溶性生物分子、载药量大和易于制备等优势,作为载体已被广泛应用于生物医药、食品和化妆品等领域。
不同于正常组织,肿瘤组织具有特异性的生化信号如低pH值、高H2O2浓度以及高GSH含量等。针对以上生化信号制备刺激响应性纳米凝胶,在特定肿瘤部位快速给药不仅可以增强药物疗效,而且降低副作用。然而由于肿瘤的复杂微环境,单一信号的刺激响应难以实现纳米凝胶在肿瘤部位的精准药物释放,因此制备针对肿瘤组织信号的多重刺激响应纳米凝胶具有重要的应用意义。动态共价键是基于可逆共价化学反应上的弱化学键,既具有传统共价键的稳定性,又具氢键等非共价键作用力的可逆断裂性。比如亚胺键在低pH值下和硼酸酯键在H2O2刺激下发生快速断裂。将动态共价键引入到纳米凝胶的交联反应中将赋予纳米凝胶的快速多重响应行为,并且目前基于动态共价键构筑纳米凝胶的报道尚少。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明通过了一种简便的方法,制备得到一种基于动态化学键交联的纳米凝胶。
本发明通过反相乳液法结合亚胺键和硼酸酯键动态化学键交联,从而使得到的纳米凝胶具备低pH值、GSH和H2O2等信号的多重快速响应性。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:一种基于动态化学键交联的纳米凝胶的分子式为:
本发明提供一种基于动态化学键交联的纳米凝胶的制备方法,其包括下述步骤:
1)、在使用单一的正己烷、正庚烷或环己烷中加入表面活性剂聚氧乙烯月桂醚或司班80,室温20~25℃振荡30~60s,反应结束后,分别加入海藻酸钠、4-甲酰基苯硼酸和超支化聚乙烯亚胺溶液,其中每加入一个样品就将混合液在室温20~25℃下振荡,反应结束后,室温20~25℃静置。
2)、向上步骤所得的油包水乳液中加入2~3ml丙酮或无水乙醇或1-丁醇沉淀纳米凝胶,然后吸去上清。
3)、重复步骤2) 3~5次,以除去多余的表面活性剂与油相,真空干燥1~2h,挥发丙酮。
4)、向步骤3)所得的反应物中加入3~5ml的去离子水,室温20~25℃振荡,水浴超声破碎30~60s,最后通过无菌的0.22 µm PVDF注射过滤器(Millipore)过滤,收集滤液,并放置在4 ℃冰箱中储存。
根据如上所述的制备方法,体系中油相正己烷、正庚烷或环己烷与表面活性剂聚氧乙烯月桂醚或司班80的体积比为15:1~20:1;
根据如上所述的制备方法,海藻酸钠的粘度为200±20 mpa.s;
根据如上所述的制备方法,反应成分中海藻酸钠与4-甲酰基苯硼酸的摩尔比为2:1~5:1;4-甲酰基苯硼酸与超支化聚乙烯亚胺的摩尔比为1:2~1:5;
根据如上所述的制备方法,水相与油相混合反应结束后,室温20~25℃静置时间为30~60 min;
根据如上所述的制备方法,加入的丙酮或无水乙醇或1-丁醇的体积量为混合液总体积的25%~40%;
根据如上所述的制备方法,真空干燥时间为2~5h;
根据如上所述的制备方法,在混合液中第一次加入丙酮或无水乙醇或1-丁醇时可以通过离心增强沉淀效果,且离心转速为2500 rpm,离心时间为3~5 min;
本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明所制备的纳米凝胶具有低pH值、GSH和H2O2等多重响应,在pH小于6、GSH浓度为1~10 µg/ml(肿瘤周边环境的GSH浓度为1~10 µg/ml,正常细胞GSH浓度小于0.002 µg/ml)、低H2O2的条件下能快速降解,并且该过程可以通过动态光散射仪(DLS)来检测得到;
2、本发明所制备的纳米凝胶在pH=7.4、低GSH(GSH浓度小于0.002 µg/ml)环境中能稳定存在,表明制备的纳米凝胶可以在正常环境中稳定存在,长时间循环;
3、本发明所制备的纳米凝胶能通过以硼酸酯键和亚胺键的动态可逆平衡来实现纳米凝胶快速响应。
本发明所制备的纳米凝胶富含大量活性氨基,可载多种材料如:药物(包括阿霉素、替莫唑胺等)、蛋白质和糖类等。
附图说明
图1为本发明的纳米水凝胶的透射电镜(TEM)图。
图2为本发明的纳米水凝胶的动态光散射图(DLS)图谱。
图3为本发明的纳米水凝胶在不同pH下的粒径分布图。
图4为本发明的纳米水凝胶在不同GSH浓度下的粒径分布图。
图5为本发明的纳米水凝胶在不同H2O2浓度下的粒径变化图。
图6为本发明的载药纳米水凝胶在不同GSH条件下的药物释放图。
图7为本发明的纳米水凝胶的细胞毒性图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图1~7,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
一、多重刺激响应性聚合物纳米水凝胶的制备
实施例1
在5.6 ml正己烷中加入350 µl聚氧乙烯月桂醚,室温20~25℃振荡30 s,分别向混合液中加入80 µl 0.5wt%的海藻酸钠、5 µl 4-甲酰基苯硼酸、10 µl超支化聚乙烯亚胺溶液,每加入一种溶液立马室温振荡30 s,全部加完后室温20~25℃放置1 h。静置结束后加2.5 ml丙酮,2500 rpm下离心3 min,吸取上清,并重复该步骤3次。真空干燥2 h后加5 ml去离子水,振荡30 s后水浴超声30 s,最后用0.22 µm PVDF注射过滤器过滤,得到纳米水凝胶。
实施例2
在5.2 ml正庚烷中加入300 µl聚氧乙烯月桂醚,室温20~25℃振荡30 s,分别向混合液中加入70 µl 0.5 wt%的海藻酸钠、5 µl 4-甲酰基苯硼酸、20 µl超支化聚乙烯亚胺溶液,每加入一种溶液立马室温振荡30 s,全部加完后室温20~25℃放置1 h。静置结束后加2.5 ml丙酮,2500 rpm下离心3 min,吸取上清,并重复该步骤3次。真空干燥2 h后加5 ml去离子水,振荡30 s后水浴超声30 s,最后用0.22 µm PVDF注射过滤器过滤,得到纳米水凝胶。
实施例3
在5.6 ml正己烷中加入250 µl聚氧乙烯月桂醚,室温20~25℃振荡30 s,分别向混合液中加入90 µl 0.5 wt%的海藻酸钠、15 µl 2-甲酰基苯硼酸、10 µl超支化聚乙烯亚胺溶液,每加入一种溶液立马室温振荡30 s,全部加完后室温20~25℃放置1 h。静置结束后加2.5 ml无水乙醇,2500 rpm下离心3 min,吸取上清,并重复该步骤3次。真空干燥2 h后加5 ml去离子水,振荡30 s后水浴超声30 s,最后用0.22 µm PVDF注射过滤器过滤,得到纳米水凝胶。
实施例4
在5.6 ml正庚烷中加入250 µl聚氧乙烯月桂醚,室温20~25℃振荡30 s,分别向混合液中加入90 µl 0.5 wt%的海藻酸钠、15 µl 2-甲酰基苯硼酸、10 µl聚丙烯胺盐酸盐溶液,每加入一种溶液立马室温振荡30s,全部加完后室温20~25℃放置1 h。静置结束后加2.5 ml丙酮,2500 rpm下离心3 min,吸取上清,并重复该步骤3次。真空干燥2 h后加5 ml去离子水,振荡30 s后水浴超声30 s,最后用0.22 µm PVDF注射过滤器过滤,得到纳米水凝胶。
实施例5
在5.6 ml正庚烷中加入300 µl聚氧乙烯月桂醚,室温20~25℃振荡30 s,分别向混合液中加入100 µl 0.5 wt%的海藻酸钠、25 µl 4-甲酰基苯硼酸、10 µl聚丙烯胺盐酸盐溶液,每加入一种溶液立马室温振荡30 s,全部加完后室温20~25℃放置1 h。静置结束后加2.5 ml1-丁醇,2500 rpm下离心3 min,吸取上清,并重复该步骤3次。真空干燥2 h后加5ml去离子水,振荡30 s后水浴超声30 s,最后用0.22 µm PVDF注射过滤器过滤,得到纳米水凝胶。
实施例6
在6.0 ml正庚烷中加入220 µl聚氧乙烯月桂醚,室温20~25℃振荡30 s,分别向混合液中加入100 µl 0.5 wt%的海藻酸钠、15 µl 4-甲酰基苯硼酸、10 µl超支化淀粉溶液,每加入一种溶液立马室温振荡30 s,全部加完后室温20~25℃放置1 h。静置结束后加2.5 ml丙酮,2500 rpm下离心3 min,吸取上清,并重复该步骤3次。真空干燥2 h后加5 ml去离子水,振荡30 s后水浴超声30 s,最后用0.22 µm PVDF注射过滤器过滤,得到纳米水凝胶。
实施例7
在5.8 ml正庚烷中加入220 µl聚氧乙烯月桂醚,室温20~25℃振荡30 s,分别向混合液中加入80 µl 0.5 wt%的海藻酸钠、25 µl 4-甲酰基苯硼酸、5 µl超支化淀粉溶液,每加入一种溶液立马室温振荡30 s,全部加完后室温20~25℃放置1 h。静置结束后加2.5ml无水乙醇,2500 rpm下离心3 min,吸取上清,并重复该步骤3次。真空干燥2 h后加5 ml去离子水,振荡30 s后水浴超声30 s,最后用0.22 µm PVDF注射过滤器过滤,得到纳米水凝胶。
二、多重刺激响应性纳米水凝胶的性能测试
粒径及多分散度测试:
取实施例1~7中制得的纳米水凝胶粒子,分别配制1 mg/mL的纳米水凝胶水溶液,在Zetasizer Nano ZS90仪(Malvern)上测定纳米水凝胶的粒径大小和粒径分布,取五次测试的平均值,采用CONTIN分析方法。结果如表1所示。
表1
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6 实施例7
粒径 103.2 156.7 110.5 200.0 168.7 87.3 50.0
多分布指数 0.10 0.15 0.13 0.20 0.17 0.08 0.05
由各测试结果可知,本发明制得的纳米水凝胶粒子的形状为球状,且由表1中测得的数据可知,本发明制得的纳米水凝胶粒径范围为50~200 nm,多分散度范围为0. 05~0.20。
如图1所示,制备的纳米凝胶呈均一的类球形结构,平均粒径在60 nm左右。这一现象表明,成功制备了纳米水凝胶,且与预期结果一致,符合载药凝胶粒径为20~200nm的要求。
如图2所示,制备的纳米凝胶粒径为110 nm左右,多分散度为0.10。DLS实验测出的粒径数值大于TEM实验测出的粒径,是由于本实验制备是水溶性纳米凝胶,在水溶液中会吸水膨胀,而TEM实验过程中,纳米水凝胶滴在铜网上,在干燥条件下进行实验,纳米水凝胶在此过程中脱水收缩,从而导致TEM测出的粒径小于DLS测出的粒径。
如图3所示,在pH=7.4条件下,纳米水凝胶粒径在110 nm左右,粒径基本没有发生变化,比较稳定。当pH降低到6.0、5.0后,纳米水凝胶粒径明显增大,这是由于纳米水凝胶在低pH条件下,动态化学键亚胺键和硼酸酯键断裂,纳米水凝胶发生溶胀,粒径增大。这一现象说明本发明制备的纳米水凝胶具有pH响应性。
如图4所示,加入GSH后,纳米水凝胶的粒径分布出现了2个峰值,与原粒径数值相比分别变大和变小。其中变大是由于纳米水凝胶在GSH的作用下,动态化学键亚胺键和硼酸酯键断裂,纳米水凝胶发生溶胀,粒径增大;而粒径变小是由于动态化学键的断裂产生了小粒径纳米水凝胶。这一现象说明本发明制备的纳米水凝胶具有GSH响应性。
如图5所示,与对照组相比,加入H2O26小时后,纳米水凝胶的粒径明显增大,且随着H2O2浓度的增加,粒径变化更加显著。这一现象说明本发明制备的纳米水凝胶具有H2O2响应性,且响应性随H2O2的浓度增加而增大。
如图6所示,载药纳米凝胶在磷酸缓冲盐溶液中,在37℃条件下,24 h的累积释放率仅为13.5%;在1mM GSH条件下,纳米水凝胶在4h内快速释放,其释放率高达75%;在10mMGSH条件下,纳米水凝胶在4h内快速释放,其释放率高达82.5%。综上所述,纳米水凝胶在无刺激情况下,仅存在微量药物释放,表明其具有良好的载药稳定性,且在GSH刺激下,能在4h内快速释放药物,表明其具有对GSH快速刺激响应性。
如图7所示,随着纳米水凝胶浓度的增加,细胞存活率均保持在95%以上,说明本发明的纳米水凝胶对正常细胞几乎无毒性,有良好的生物相容性。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明,因此无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。

Claims (6)

1.基于动态化学键交联的纳米凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
 1)、在单一的正己烷、正庚烷或环己烷中加入表面活性剂聚氧乙烯月桂醚或司班80,20~25℃振荡30~60 s,反应结束后,分别加入海藻酸钠、4-甲酰基苯硼酸和超支化聚乙烯亚胺溶液,其中每加入一个样品就将混合液在20~25℃下振荡,反应结束后,20~25℃静置;
2)、向上步骤所得的油包水乳液中加入2~3 mL丙酮沉淀纳米凝胶,然后吸去上清;
3)、重复步骤2) 3~5次,以除去多余的表面活性剂与油相,真空干燥1~2 h,挥发丙酮;
4)、向步骤3)所得的反应物中加入3~5 mL的去离子水,20~25℃振荡,水浴超声破碎30~60 s,最后通过无菌的0.22 µm PVDF注射过滤器过滤,收集滤液,并放置在4℃冰箱中储存;
海藻酸钠与4-甲酰基苯硼酸的摩尔比为2:1~5:1;4-甲酰基苯硼酸与超支化聚乙烯亚胺的摩尔比为1:2~1:5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于动态化学键交联的纳米凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述正己烷、正庚烷或环己烷与表面活性剂聚氧乙烯月桂醚或司班80的体积比为15:1~20:1;形成的水油体积比为1:45~1:50。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于动态化学键交联的纳米凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4)中加入去离子水后纳米凝胶的浓度为0.3~1.5 mg/mL。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述制备方法制得的基于动态化学键交联的纳米凝胶,其特征在于:所述纳米凝胶为类球形,表面带有活性氨基,粒径范围为50~200 nm,多分散度范围为0.05~0.20。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于动态化学键交联的纳米凝胶,其特征在于:所述的纳米凝胶,其分子结构为:
6.一种如权利要求5所述的基于动态化学键交联的纳米凝胶的应用,其特征在于:所述的纳米凝胶可用作药物、基因和蛋白质载体。
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