CN111264342A - Light matrix for raising seedlings of Quercus liaotungensis and method for artificially raising seedlings by utilizing light matrix for raising seedlings of Quercus liaotungensis - Google Patents
Light matrix for raising seedlings of Quercus liaotungensis and method for artificially raising seedlings by utilizing light matrix for raising seedlings of Quercus liaotungensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN111264342A CN111264342A CN202010153547.0A CN202010153547A CN111264342A CN 111264342 A CN111264342 A CN 111264342A CN 202010153547 A CN202010153547 A CN 202010153547A CN 111264342 A CN111264342 A CN 111264342A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant breeding, and provides a Quercus liaodonta seedling growing light matrix and a method for artificially growing seedlings by using the same. The light matrix for culturing the quercus liaotungensis seedlings takes decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes as main materials, so that the seedling culturing cost is reduced, and the sustainable utilization of resources is realized. The light medium is prepared by mixing decomposed poplar bark, perlite, vermiculite and decomposed mushroom slag according to a certain proportion, and decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes are used for replacing peat medium, so that the light medium has the characteristics of light weight and environmental friendliness. The light matrix for quercus robur seedling cultivation is matched with a non-woven fabric seedling cultivation bag for use, the seedling cultivation effect is not obviously different from that of a light matrix mainly adopting peat, the root system of a seedling grows well, the root system and the matrix form a group, and the survival rate is high after planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant breeding, and particularly relates to a Quercus liaodonta seedling growing light matrix and a method for artificially growing seedlings by using the same.
Background
Quercus liaodonta (A) Kuo (A)Quercus liaotungensis) Is Fagaceae (A)Fagaceae) Quercus genus (Quercus) Deciduous trees are important tree species of deciduous broad-leaved forests in warm regions and are also good mixed tree species for constructing broad mixed forests in middle and low mountainous regions in North China. The natural renewal of Quercus trematophylla in Liaodong takes sprout tillers as main materials, but has serious growth degradation phenomenon, and the soil seed bank is lost prematurely due to germination, catching, worm eating, physiological death and the like, so that the artificial seedling culture becomes a first choice for promoting population renewal and building broad-leaved mixed forest. The light medium seedling raising technology can raise seedlings with developed root systems and has the advantages of convenient transportation, high afforestation survival rate and the like. The non-woven seedling raising container bag has the advantages of air root pruning, no need of bag removal during planting, natural degradation of the bag body and the like. At present, the light matrix seedling raising technology of the quercus liaotungensis mainly comprises a non-woven fabric seedling raising container bag and a matrix which mainly comprises peat, vermiculite and perlite, but the peat belongs to a non-renewable resource and is expensive, so that the peat becomes a main bottleneck for restricting the application of the light matrix seedling raising technology of the quercus liaotungensis. Therefore, it would be an urgent problem for those skilled in the art to provide a light and environmentally friendly light medium to replace peat.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a Quercus liaodonta seedling raising light medium and a method for artificially raising seedlings by using the same, aiming at solving the problems of the prior Quercus liaodonta seedling raising medium. The light matrix for culturing the quercus liaotungensis seedlings takes decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes as main materials, so that the seedling culturing cost is reduced, and the sustainable utilization of resources is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a light matrix for raising seedlings of Quercus liaotungensis comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 45-48% of decomposed poplar bark, 20-30% of perlite, 20-30% of vermiculite and 1-2% of decomposed mushroom slag.
The decomposed poplar bark is the bark of the black poplar, is dried and crushed, piled and decomposed for 120 days by adopting a greenhouse film covering method, crushed again, sieved and selected into blocks with the particle size of 0.5-2 cm.
The decomposed mushroom dregs are waste mushroom sticks for producing oyster mushrooms and pleurotus eryngii; naturally stacking the waste mushroom sticks for 2 months, removing bags, crushing, performing aerobic fermentation for 2 months, turning over for 1 time in 7 days, and finally crushing for use.
The particle size specification of the perlite is 3-6mm, and the particle size specification of the vermiculite is 1-4 mm.
The method for carrying out artificial seedling raising by using the light matrix for raising the seedlings of the quercus liaotungensis comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing light matrix for seedling raising of Quercus liaotungensis, uniformly mixing 40 g of carbendazim soluble powder with the mass concentration of 50% or 60 g of zineb wettable powder with the mass concentration of 70% into each cubic meter of light matrix, spraying the matrix with 1% formalin formaldehyde solution, turning over the matrix while spraying, sealing with a plastic film for 10-15 days after spraying, unsealing, spreading, turning over, and volatilizing the medicine flavor for 15-20 days for later use;
(2) drying Quercus liaotungensis seeds in the shade, fumigating and killing insects for 1 day by 56% aluminum phosphide, fumigating 1-4 pieces per cubic meter of fumigating space, washing with clear water, mixing the seeds with isovolumetric wet river sand uniformly, covering the leeward and sunny position with a straw mat for accelerating germination, sprinkling water when water is absent in the seeds, and selecting and sowing when 70% of the seeds are exposed to the sun;
(3) filling quercus liaotungensis seedling culture matrix into a non-woven fabric seedling culture container bag, wherein the distance between the surface of the matrix in the bag and a bag opening is 1.5cm, fully wetting the matrix in the container by using a spraying device, sowing seeds in the center of the container, and spraying water in time, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3 cm;
(4) the seedling emergence stage and the seedling growth stage are frequently watered in proper amount for many times, the fast growth stage is frequently watered for many times, the watering is controlled in the later growth stage, the seedling is cultured in full light in the later stage, the drought times are increased, when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, the high-temperature strong illumination time is shaded by adopting the shading degree of 50-60 percent,
(5) and (3) the quercus robur seedlings grow to 120-plus 150 days from the beginning of seedling emergence, the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 35cm, the ground diameter is more than or equal to 5mm, and the quercus robur seedlings are directly transplanted and planted.
The specification of the non-woven fabric seedling raising container bag in the step (3) is 15cm in height and 6cm in diameter.
In the step (4), when the seeds are exposed in the seedling emergence period, the substrate is supplemented; in the step (5), the bags are not taken off during planting.
The light matrix for culturing the quercus liaotungensis seedlings is convenient to obtain materials, agricultural and forestry wastes can be converted and utilized nearby, and the light and environment-friendly light matrix for culturing the quercus liaotungensis seedlings is formed by fermenting and mixing other moisture-preserving and heat-preserving components. Compared with the traditional light medium formula mainly using peat, the cost of the light medium of the agricultural and forestry wastes and the seedling transportation cost are both greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the light matrix taking the agricultural and forestry wastes as the raw materials can realize the cyclic utilization of resources and increase the carbon sink. The light matrix for culturing the quercus liaotungensis seedlings is combined with the non-woven fabric seedling culture container bag, and compared with seedlings cultured by the light matrix mainly comprising peat, the density of the matrix is close to that of the peat; the growth indexes such as plant height, ground diameter, leaf area and the like have no obvious difference; the dry weight and crown ratio of the root system are obviously improved; the transplanting and carrying of the nursery stock are convenient; the survival rate after planting is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the growth of Quercus liaodonta grown on the seedling substrate of the example of the present application and the comparative example for 120 days.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of root systems of Quercus liaotungensis cultivated for 120 days in the seedling substrate of the present application and the comparative example.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: a light medium for culturing the seedlings of Quercus liaotungensis is prepared from the bark of decomposed black poplar (48%), pearlite (25%), vermiculite (25%) and decomposed mushroom dregs (2%).
Matrix disinfection: the preparation method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the substrates, uniformly mixing 40 g of 50% carbendazim soluble powder into each cubic meter of the substrates, spraying 1% formalin formaldehyde solution on the substrates, turning over the substrates while spraying, sealing by using a plastic film for 15 days after spraying, unsealing, spreading, turning over, and volatilizing the medicine flavor for 20 days.
Seed disinfection and germination acceleration: drying Quercus liaotungensis seeds in the shade, fumigating with 0.5% dichlorvos for killing insects for 1 hour, washing with clear water, mixing the seeds with equivalent wet river sand uniformly, covering with a straw mat in the leeward and sunny place for accelerating germination, selecting and sowing when 70% of the seeds are exposed to the sun, and keeping the seed pile wet.
Sowing: selecting a non-woven fabric seedling-raising container bag with the height of 15cm and the diameter of 6cm, filling the light matrix for the Quercus liaotungensis seedling-raising into the non-woven fabric seedling-raising container bag, watering until water seeps from the bottom of the bag, sowing 1 white Quercus liaotungensis seed in the center of each bag, and spraying water in time.
Management: keeping the surface of the non-woven fabric seedling raising container bag moist before seedling emergence, and watering and weeding in time after seedling emergence. The emergence rate is up to 90% 1 week after sowing. In the early stage of seedling, the air humidity of the seedbed is kept at 40-60%, the temperature is kept at 25-35 ℃, and ventilation is kept. Shading the seedling in the middle period properly according to the solar intensity at noon. In the later stage of seedling, full light culture is adopted, water quantity is controlled, drought times are increased, and when the matrix is drought, watering is carried out until water seeps out from the bottom of the hole tray. And after the 1 st pair of leaves of the seedlings are mature, spraying 1 time of compound foliar fertilizer with the final concentration of 0.3 percent every 10 days.
Transplanting: the quercus robur seedlings are directly transplanted and planted after growing to 120 days from the emergence of seedlings.
Average number of seedlings in this exampleHeight of 37.1 + -5.0 cm, ground diameter of 5.6 + -1.1 cm, and average area of single leaf of 35.9 + -10.4 cm2。
Comparative example: the substrates used in the comparative examples were: (1) domestic peat, perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 2:1:1 respectively; (2) the volume ratio of the decomposed larch pine needles to the perlite to the vermiculite is 2:1:1 respectively; (3) the volume ratio of the decomposed poplar sawdust to the perlite to the vermiculite is 2:1:1 respectively.
Matrix disinfection: uniformly mixing 40 g of 50% carbendazim soluble powder into each cubic meter of the 3 substrates, spraying the substrates with 1% formalin formaldehyde solution, turning over the substrates while spraying, sealing with a plastic film for 15 days after spraying, unsealing, spreading, turning over, and volatilizing the medicine for 20 days.
Seed disinfection and germination acceleration: drying Quercus liaotungensis seeds in the shade, fumigating with 0.5% dichlorvos for killing insects for 1 hour, washing with clear water, mixing the seeds with equivalent wet river sand uniformly, covering with a straw mat in the leeward and sunny place for accelerating germination, selecting and sowing when 70% of the seeds are exposed to the sun, and keeping the seed pile wet.
Sowing: selecting a non-woven fabric seedling-raising container bag with the height of 15cm and the diameter of 6cm, filling the light matrix for the Quercus liaotungensis seedling-raising into the non-woven fabric seedling-raising container bag, watering until water seeps from the bottom of the bag, sowing 1 white Quercus liaotungensis seed in the center of each bag, and spraying water in time.
Management: keeping the surface of the non-woven fabric seedling raising container bag moist before seedling emergence, and watering and weeding in time after seedling emergence. After 1 week of sowing, the emergence rates of peat, decomposed larch and pine needles and decomposed poplar sawdust are respectively 92%, 84% and 78%. The air humidity of the seedling bed at the early stage of the seedling is kept at 40-60%, the temperature is kept at 25-35 ℃, and the ventilation is kept. Shading the seedling in the middle period properly according to the solar intensity at noon. In the later stage of seedling, full light culture is adopted, water quantity is controlled, drought times are increased, and when the matrix is drought, watering is carried out until water seeps out from the bottom of the hole tray. And after the 1 st pair of leaves of the seedlings are mature, spraying 1 time of compound foliar fertilizer with the final concentration of 0.3 percent every 10 days.
Transplanting: the quercus robur seedlings are directly transplanted and planted after growing to 120 days from the emergence of seedlings.
To further demonstrate the effect of the present invention, the following observations and data statistics were made in example one as well as in the comparative example: after 40 days of sowing, 20 plants are randomly selected in each case, the density of the substrate, the humidity of the substrate, the temperature of the substrate, the pH value of the substrate, the conductivity of the substrate and the like are counted, the specific data are shown in table 1, and the similarity of each index of the decomposed poplar bark light substrate and the peat light substrate is higher.
TABLE 1 substrate index
To further demonstrate the effect of the present invention, the following observations and data statistics were made in example one as well as in the comparative example: the emergence rate and 120 days after sowing, 20 plants are randomly extracted in each case, the plant height, the ground diameter, the mature single leaf area and the like are counted, the specific data are shown in table 2, and the seedling phenotype indexes of the decomposed poplar bark light substrate and the peat substrate are not obviously different.
TABLE 2 seedling phenotype index
Note: the different letter designations differ significantly at the level of P < 0.05.
To further demonstrate the effect of the present invention, the following observations and data statistics were made in example one as well as in the comparative example: after 120 days of sowing, randomly extracting 20 plants in each case, and counting the dry weight of the root system, the dry weight of the overground part, the root-crown ratio and the like; and counting the survival rate after the permanent planting after 90 days after the transplanting and the permanent planting. The specific data are shown in table 3, and it can be seen that the root system dry weight and root crown ratio of the decomposed poplar bark light matrix are obviously higher than those of other comparative examples, and the survival rate after planting is highest.
TABLE 3 quality index of dried seedlings
Note: the different letter designations differ significantly at the level of P < 0.05.
To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the present invention, the following observations and statistics were made in examples one and comparative examples: the purchase price of the medium in each case is shown in the table 4, and the price of the decomposed poplar bark light medium is only 60.55% of that of the peat medium.
TABLE 4 price of substrate
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A light matrix for raising seedlings of Quercus liaotungensis is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 45-48% of decomposed poplar bark, 20-30% of perlite, 20-30% of vermiculite and 1-2% of decomposed mushroom slag.
2. The light matrix for raising seedlings of quercus liaotungensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the decomposed poplar bark is the bark of the black poplar, is dried and crushed, piled and decomposed for 120 days by adopting a greenhouse film covering method, crushed again, sieved and selected into blocks with the particle size of 0.5-2 cm.
3. The light matrix for raising seedlings of quercus liaotungensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the decomposed mushroom dregs are waste mushroom sticks for producing oyster mushrooms and pleurotus eryngii; naturally stacking the waste mushroom sticks for 2 months, removing bags, crushing, performing aerobic fermentation for 2 months, turning over for 1 time in 7 days, and finally crushing for use.
4. The light matrix for raising seedlings of quercus liaotungensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the particle size specification of the perlite is 3-6mm, and the particle size specification of the vermiculite is 1-4 mm.
5. The method for artificial seedling raising by using the light matrix for raising the seedlings of quercus liaotungensis as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing light matrix for culturing Quercus liaotungensis seedlings, uniformly mixing 40 g of carbendazim soluble powder with the mass concentration of 50% or 60 g of zineb wettable powder with the mass concentration of 70% into each cubic meter of matrix, spraying 22 matrix with 1% formalin formaldehyde solution, turning over the matrix while spraying, sealing with a plastic film for 10-15 days after spraying, unsealing, spreading, turning over, and volatilizing the medicine flavor for 15-20 days for later use;
(2) drying Quercus liaotungensis seeds in the shade, fumigating and killing insects for 1 day by 56% aluminum phosphide, fumigating 1-4 pieces per cubic meter of fumigating space, washing with clear water, mixing the seeds with isovolumetric wet river sand uniformly, covering the leeward and sunny position with a straw mat for accelerating germination, sprinkling water when water is absent in the seeds, and selecting and sowing when 70% of the seeds are exposed to the sun;
(3) filling quercus liaotungensis seedling culture matrix into a non-woven fabric seedling culture container bag, wherein the distance between the surface of the matrix in the bag and a bag opening is 1.5cm, fully wetting the matrix in the container by using a spraying device, sowing seeds in the center of the container, and spraying water in time, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3 cm;
(4) proper amount of frequent watering is needed for a plurality of times in the seedling emergence period and the growth initial period of the seedlings, the watering amount is small for a plurality of times in the fast growth period, the watering is controlled in the later period of the growth, the seedlings are cultured by full light in the later period, the drought times are increased, when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, the shading degree is adopted for the high-temperature strong light time with the shading degree of 50-60 percent,
(5) and (3) the quercus robur seedlings grow to 120-plus 150 days from the beginning of seedling emergence, the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 35cm, the ground diameter is more than or equal to 5mm, and the quercus robur seedlings are directly transplanted and planted.
6. The method for artificial seedling raising by using the light matrix for raising seedlings of quercus liaotungensis as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specification of the non-woven fabric seedling raising container bag in the step (3) is 15cm in height and 6cm in diameter.
7. The method for artificial seedling raising by using the light matrix for raising seedlings of quercus liaotungensis as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), when the seeds are exposed in the seedling emergence period, the substrate is supplemented; in the step (5), the bags are not taken off during planting.
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| CN112194526A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-01-08 | 山西省林业科学研究院 | Foliar fertilizer for oak seedling stage in liaodong and preparation and application methods thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200612 |