CN111183928A - Indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for oplegnathus punctatus - Google Patents
Indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for oplegnathus punctatus Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
- C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of oplegnathus punctatus, which comprises the following steps: (1) water quality regulation and control: adding EM probiotic preparation and natural algae culture pond water into the pond every day before the newly hatched fish is put in; (2) entering a pool: before the newly hatched fries are thrown, the fries are inflated in an I-shaped cloth with the throwing density of 13000-15000 tails/m3(ii) a (3) Feeding management: feeding 20-40 days old fries with baits of copepods and live mysidae larvae; feeding microencapsulated initial feed to the larval fish after 30 days old until the fry culture is finished; (4) water changing and illumination management: replacing 100-150% of filtered seawater for 30-49 days of seedling culture; the larval fish is 20-35 days old, and indoor illumination is 2500-; (5) and (5) seedling emergence, and transferring to a marine net cage for culture. The invention improves the growth quality of the fry, reduces the death rate of the fry, reduces the stress reaction of the fry to the cage culture environment and improves the survival rate of adult fishes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for oplegnathus punctatus.
Background
The Oplegnathus punctatus (Oplegnathuspurtus) belongs to the genus Oplegnathus of family Paralithoidae of order Perciformes, and is commonly called Pagrus punctatus, black mouth, Oplegnathus fasciatus, etc. The body of the oplegnathus punctatus is dark brown, has irregular black spots, short small head and mouth, dense and sharp teeth, short and hard dorsal fin, obviously raised front fin ray, short back part and truncated shape at the rear edge of the fin strip part. Widely distributed in Korea, Japan and Taiwan island of China as well as the sea areas of south sea, east sea, yellow sea and the like, rarely forms natural groups, has no obvious fish-bearing period and has small yield. The oplegnathus punctatus has high edible and medicinal values, fine and smooth meat quality, rich collagen, unique taste and rich various amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids.
The existing culture of oplegnathus punctatus mainly adopts two modes of cage culture and pond culture. However, the existing large-scale culture of oplegnathus punctatus is short in time, a good intensive culture technology is lacked, and the research on the intensive seedling culture technology is less. At present, in the process of artificially breeding the oplegnathus maculatus with high density and intensification, due to the special ecological physiological characteristics, the oplegnathus maculatus is easily affected by factors such as breeding water environment, nutritional conditions, fry density and the like, the survival rate of fries is low, the growth characteristic difference of the fries is large, the fries are easy to carry pathogenic organisms, the large-area morbidity and mortality of the fries are caused, and the like, the survival rate of the existing oplegnathus maculatus breeding method is only about 20%, the supply of oplegnathus maculatus fries is insufficient, and the further development of the oplegnathus maculatus artificial breeding technology is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of oplegnathus punctatus, which is more suitable for cage culture and has high survival rate.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of oplegnathus punctatus, which comprises the following steps:
(1) controlling the water quality of the cement pond:
selecting area larger than 50m2Injecting natural seawater with the salinity of 23-25 into a cement pond, adding 0.5-0.8 mg/L of EM probiotic preparation into the pond one month before the newly hatched fries are put in, adding 0.1-0.3 mg/L of EM probiotic preparation and natural algae culture pond water every day, and keeping the transparency of the water in the cement pond at 80-90 cm;
(2) putting the newly hatched fries into a pond:
before the newly hatched fries are put for one week, I-shaped aerated stones are distributed in the cement pond, the cement pond is divided into two relative still water areas by the aerated stones, the water temperature is controlled to be 23-25 ℃, the salinity is controlled to be 25-28, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 5 mg/L; placing the newly hatched fries into a relative still water area in a cement pond, and controlling the density to be 13000-15000 tails/m3；
(3) Feeding management:
feeding SS type rotifers to 4-7-day-old fish fries every day, wherein the length of each rotifer is less than 120 micrometers, and the density of the rotifers is 15-25/ml; feeding the 6-15-day-old fries with bait of common rotifers and cladocera with the length not more than 220 microns, wherein the bait density is 10-15 per ml; feeding 10-25 days old fries with bait of fairy shrimp nauplius and oyster fertilized eggs, wherein the bait density is 5-10 pieces/ml; feeding 20-40 days old fries with baits of copepods and live mysidae larvae, wherein the bait density is 8-10 per ml; feeding microencapsulated initial feed of 150-200 microns for 5-6 times every day after the fry is 30 days old until the fry is raised, wherein the feeding amount accounts for 1-5% of the weight of the fish; feeding shrimps and fresh minced fish for 3-5 times every day after fry rearing is finished for 50 days, wherein the feeding amount accounts for 3-8% of the weight of the fish;
(4) water changing and illumination management:
5-10 d of seedling cultivation, replacing 5-10% of filtered seawater every day, 15-25% of filtered seawater every day for 11-19 d of seedling cultivation, 30-50% of filtered seawater every day for 20-29 d of seedling cultivation, 100-150% of filtered seawater every day for 30-49 d of seedling cultivation, 150-200% of filtered seawater every day after 50d of seedling cultivation, and keeping dissolved oxygen greater than 6 mg/L;
setting indoor illumination conditions of 1500-20001 x and 10-12 h/d for the fry of 5-20 days old, setting indoor illumination conditions of 2500 plus materials 30001x and 12-15 h/d for the fry of 20-35 days old, performing light-induced food training, and setting indoor illumination conditions of 1000 plus materials 1800lx and 12-15 h/d for the fry of 36 days old until the end of seedling culture;
(5) emergence of seedlings
When the average body length of the larval fish is more than 3.5cm, the larval fish is moved to a marine net cage for culture by using a running water transportation device.
The invention provides an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of oplegnathus punctatus, wherein the breeding water quality is effectively regulated and controlled by adopting an EM probiotic preparation and natural algae culture pond water, and the stable breeding water quality is effectively improved and maintained by utilizing probiotics and natural algae, so that the breeding of the hatched fries is facilitated; the I-shaped cloth inflatable stone is arranged, so that the fry can be effectively gathered in a relative still water area, sufficient dissolved oxygen is ensured, the stress reaction of the fry is reduced, and milder pond entering conditions are provided for the fry; meanwhile, feeding domestication, water quality regulation and control and illumination condition control at different fish age stages are carried out, especially when the larval fish is 30 days old, a small amount of microencapsulated initial feed is used for multiple times of feeding, and the initial feed is combined with a living feed for domestication feeding, so that the influence of fry in domestication transition is reduced, and the feeding capacity of the fry is improved; and when the fry are 20-35 days old, the indoor illumination intensity and time are increased, light induction training is carried out, the food intake and the swimming frequency of the fry are increased, the growth quality of the fry is improved, and meanwhile, after the fry are cultured for 30-49 days, the water changing amount is increased, good fry culturing water quality is ensured, the pathogenic organism carrying probability and the fry disease occurrence rate are reduced, so that the immunity and the survival rate of the fry are improved. In addition, fry are fed, domesticated and trained by light induction in a staged manner, so that the fry are more suitable for the water body condition of later stage transfer to offshore cage culture, the stress reaction of the fry is reduced, the condition that the fry are dead due to large-area morbidity caused by cluster swimming in the cage culture process is avoided, and the survival rate of adult fish in the cage culture is effectively improved.
Further explaining, the water in the natural algae culture pond is prepared by adding water in an independent cement pond into seawater according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1, and performing aerated culture on the spirulina, the diatom and the chlorella under the natural illumination condition for 3-5 days to obtain natural algae culture pond water with green or light brown water color. Compared with the existing method of adding natural algae for water quality regulation, the water in the natural algae culture pond is more beneficial to maintaining and improving and maintaining stable seedling culture water quality.
Further, in the step (1), 0.2mg/L of EM probiotic preparation and natural algae culture pond water are added every day, and the transparency of the cement pond water is kept to be 85 cm.
Further, the microcapsule compound bait is 150-200 micron microcapsule opening bait which is prepared by taking soybean meal, bone meal, broad bean powder and shrimp shell powder in a mass ratio of 5:2:1:1 as core materials, carrying out superfine grinding, taking hydrolyzed fish protein, sodium alginate and maltodextrin in a mass ratio of 3:1:0.5 as wall materials, and carrying out spray drying. The microencapsulated starter has good suspension property and stability, ensures sufficient nutritional conditions of the larval fish, and is favorable for maintaining the seedling water quality.
Further explaining, in the step (2), the water temperature in the cement pond is controlled to be 24 ℃, the salinity is controlled to be 27, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is controlled to be 6-7 mg/L.
Further, in the step (2), the newly hatched fries are placed in a relative still water area in a cement pool, and the density is controlled to be 14000 tails/m3。
Further explaining, in the step (3), when feeding the microencapsulated initial feed, an LED yellow light lamp is adopted to irradiate the water surface, each irradiation is carried out for 5-10 min, and the dissolved oxygen is increased by more than 5.5 mg/L.
Light of the LED yellow light lamp is used for inducing and training food, and swimming and foraging of the fry are promoted.
Further, in the step (3), when the shrimps and the minced fresh fish are fed, the feeding amount of the fries is gradually increased from 3% to 8% from 50 days old, the growth rate is 0.5%/d, and the influence of the transitional period of fry domestication feeding is reduced.
Further explaining, in the step (4), the seedlings are grown for 10-25 days, filtered seawater is changed every day, and then natural algae culture pond water is added, so that the transparency of the cement pond water is kept at 50-55 cm.
Further explaining, in the step (5), when the larval fish are 50 days old, pool separation is carried out, and the fry density is reduced to 1 ten thousand tails/m3In the following, the growth of pathogenic organisms caused by overlarge density of the fry is avoided, and the survival rate of the fry is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the artificial breeding method based on the indoor cement pond, the EM probiotic preparation and the natural algae culture pond water are utilized to effectively regulate and control the breeding water quality entering the pond, the condition of newly hatched fries entering the pond is controlled, feeding domestication, water quality regulation and illumination condition control at different fish age stages are carried out, the growth of the oplegnathus fasciatus fries is effectively promoted, the adaptability, the immunity and the feeding capability of the fries in the early development process are improved, the growth quality of the fries is improved, the death rate of the fries is reduced, meanwhile, the beneficial guarantee is provided for the offshore cage culture at the later stage, the stress reaction of the fries to the culture environment is reduced, and the survival rate of adult fish is effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an indoor cement pit of oplegnathus punctatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, a cement pit 1 and a gas stone 2 are shown.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Embodiment 1-an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of oplegnathus punctatus, comprising the following steps:
(1) controlling the water quality of the cement pond:
selecting the area of 65m2A cement pond, wherein natural seawater with the salinity of 23 is injected, the EM probiotic preparation with the concentration of 0.5mg/L is added into the pond one month before the newly hatched fries are put in, and 0.1mg/L of EM probiotic preparation and natural algae culture pond water are added every day, so that the transparency of the water in the cement pond is kept at 80 cm;
the natural algae culture pond water is prepared by adding 2 mass percent of seawater in an independent cement pond: 1:1, performing aerated culture on spirulina, diatom and chlorella under the natural illumination condition for 3-5 days to obtain natural algae culture pond water with green or light brown water color;
(2) putting the newly hatched fries into a pond:
before the newly hatched fries are put for one week, I-shaped aerated stones are distributed in the cement pond, the cement pond is divided into two opposite still water areas by the aerated stones, as shown in figure 1, the water temperature is controlled to be 23 ℃, the salinity is 25, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is 6 mg/L; placing the newly hatched larva in a relative still water area in a cement pool, and controlling the density to be 13000 tails/m3；
(3) Feeding management:
feeding SS type rotifers to 4-7-day-old fish fries every day, wherein the length of each rotifer is less than 120 micrometers, and the density of the rotifers is 15-25/ml; feeding the 6-15-day-old fries with bait of common rotifers and cladocera with the length not more than 220 microns, wherein the bait density is 10-15 per ml; feeding 10-25 days old fries with bait of fairy shrimp nauplius and oyster fertilized eggs, wherein the bait density is 5-10 pieces/ml; feeding 20-40 days old fries with baits of copepods and live mysidae larvae, wherein the bait density is 8-10 per ml; feeding microencapsulated initial feed of 150-200 microns for 5 times a day after the fry is grown for 30 days until the fry is grown, wherein the feeding amount accounts for 5% of the weight of the fish; feeding shrimps and fresh minced fish for 3 times every day after 50 days of fry culture to finish fry culture, wherein the feeding amount accounts for 8 percent of the weight of the fish;
the microcapsule compound bait is 150-200 micron microencapsulated initial bait which is prepared by taking soybean meal, bone meal, broad bean powder and shrimp shell powder in a mass ratio of 5:2:1:1 as core materials, carrying out superfine grinding, taking hydrolyzed fish protein, sodium alginate and maltodextrin in a mass ratio of 3:1:0.5 as wall materials, and carrying out spray drying;
(4) water changing and illumination management:
5-10 d of seedling cultivation, replacing 5% of filtered seawater every day, 15% of filtered seawater every day for 11-19 d of seedling cultivation, 30% of filtered seawater every day for 20-29 d of seedling cultivation, 100% of filtered seawater every day for 30-49 d of seedling cultivation, 150% of filtered seawater every day after 50d of seedling cultivation, and keeping dissolved oxygen more than 6 mg/L;
setting indoor illumination conditions of 5-20 days old of the fries to be 15001x and 10h/d, setting the indoor illumination conditions of 20-35 days old of the fries to be 25001x and 12h/d, performing light-induced food training, and setting the fries to be 36 days old until the fry breeding is finished, and setting the indoor illumination conditions of 1000lx and 12 h/d;
(5) emergence of seedlings
When the average body length of the larval fish is more than 3.5cm, the larval fish is moved to a marine net cage for culture by using a running water transportation device.
Embodiment 2-an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of oplegnathus punctatus, comprising the following steps:
(1) controlling the water quality of the cement pond:
selecting the area of 65m2Injecting natural seawater with salinity of 25 into a cement pond, adding 0.8mg/L EM probiotic preparation into the pond one month before the newly hatched fries are put in, and adding 0.3mg/L EM probiotic preparation and natural algae culture pond water every day, and keeping the transparency of the cement pond water at 90 cm;
the natural algae culture pond water is prepared by adding 2 mass percent of seawater in an independent cement pond: 1:1, performing aerated culture on spirulina, diatom and chlorella under the natural illumination condition for 3-5 days to obtain natural algae culture pond water with green or light brown water color;
(2) putting the newly hatched fries into a pond:
before the newly hatched fries are put for one week, I-shaped aerated stones are distributed in the cement pond, the cement pond is divided into two relative still water areas by the aerated stones, the water temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the salinity is controlled to be 28, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is 7 mg/L; placing the newly hatched larva in a relative still water area in a cement pool, and controlling the density at 15000 tails/m3；
(3) Feeding management:
feeding SS type rotifers to 4-7-day-old fish fries every day, wherein the length of each rotifer is less than 120 micrometers, and the density of the rotifers is 15-25/ml; feeding the 6-15-day-old fries with bait of common rotifers and cladocera with the length not more than 220 microns, wherein the bait density is 10-15 per ml; feeding 10-25 days old fries with bait of fairy shrimp nauplius and oyster fertilized eggs, wherein the bait density is 5-10 pieces/ml; feeding 20-40 days old fries with baits of copepods and live mysidae larvae, wherein the bait density is 8-10 per ml; feeding microencapsulated initial baits of 150-200 microns for the 30-day-old fries for 6 times every day till the end of fry breeding, wherein the feeding amount accounts for 1% of the weight of the fries, and the fries are promoted to swim and forage for the fries and the dissolved oxygen is increased by 6mg/L by irradiating the water surface with an LED yellow light for 5min each time; feeding shrimps and fresh minced fish for 5 times every day from 50 days old of the fries to the end of the fry culture, wherein the feeding amount accounts for 3 percent of the weight of the fish, the feeding amount of the fries is gradually increased from 3 percent to 8 percent from 50 days old, and the growth rate is 0.5 percent/d;
the microcapsule compound bait is 150-200 micron microencapsulated initial bait which is prepared by taking soybean meal, bone meal, broad bean powder and shrimp shell powder in a mass ratio of 5:2:1:1 as core materials, carrying out superfine grinding, taking hydrolyzed fish protein, sodium alginate and maltodextrin in a mass ratio of 3:1:0.5 as wall materials, and carrying out spray drying;
(4) water changing and illumination management:
replacing 10% of filtered seawater every day for 5-10 days of seedling culture, replacing 25% of filtered seawater every day for 11-19 days of seedling culture, replacing 50% of filtered seawater every day for 20-29 days of seedling culture, replacing 150% of filtered seawater every day for 30-49 days of seedling culture, replacing 200% of filtered seawater every day after 50 days of seedling culture, and keeping dissolved oxygen greater than 6 mg/L; culturing seedlings for 10-25 days, replacing filtered seawater every day, adding natural algae culture pond water, and keeping the transparency of the cement pond water at 55 cm;
setting indoor illumination conditions of 5-20 days old of the fries to be 20001x and 12h/d, setting the indoor illumination conditions of 20-35 days old of the fries to be 30001x and 15h/d, performing light-induced food training, and setting the indoor illumination conditions of 1800lx and 15h/d after the fries are grown to be 36 days old;
(5) emergence of seedlings
When the larval fish is 50 days old, the pond separation is carried out, and the fry density is reduced to 1 ten thousand tails/m3And then, when the average body length of the larval fish is more than 3.5cm, the larval fish is moved to a marine net cage for culture by using a running water transportation device.
Embodiment 3-an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of oplegnathus punctatus, comprising the following steps:
(1) controlling the water quality of the cement pond:
selecting the area of 65m2Injecting natural seawater with salinity of 24 into a cement pond, adding 0.6mg/L EM probiotic preparation into the pond one month before the newly hatched fries are put in, and adding 0.2mg/L EM probiotic preparation and natural algae culture pond water every day, and keeping the transparency of the cement pond water at 85 cm;
the natural algae culture pond water is prepared by adding 2 mass percent of seawater in an independent cement pond: 1:1, performing aerated culture on spirulina, diatom and chlorella under the natural illumination condition for 3-5 days to obtain natural algae culture pond water with green or light brown water color;
(2) putting the newly hatched fries into a pond:
before the newly hatched fries are put for one week, I-shaped aerated stones are distributed in the cement pond, the cement pond is divided into two relative still water areas by the aerated stones, the water temperature is controlled to be 24 ℃, the salinity is controlled to be 27, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is 6.5 mg/L; placing the newly hatched larva in a relative still water area in a cement pool, and controlling the density to be 14000 tails/m3；
(3) Feeding management:
feeding SS type rotifers to 4-7-day-old fish fries every day, wherein the length of each rotifer is less than 120 micrometers, and the density of the rotifers is 15-25/ml; feeding the 6-15-day-old fries with bait of common rotifers and cladocera with the length not more than 220 microns, wherein the bait density is 10-15 per ml; feeding 10-25 days old fries with bait of fairy shrimp nauplius and oyster fertilized eggs, wherein the bait density is 5-10 pieces/ml; feeding 20-40 days old fries with baits of copepods and live mysidae larvae, wherein the bait density is 8-10 per ml; feeding microencapsulated initial baits of 150-200 microns for the 30-day-old fries for 5 times every day until the fry breeding is finished, wherein the feeding amount accounts for 3% of the weight of the fries, the water surface is irradiated by adopting an LED yellow light lamp for 10min every time, the swimming and foraging of the fries are promoted, 6mg/L dissolved oxygen is added, the fries are fed for 50 days until the fry breeding is finished, the shrimps and the fresh minced fish are fed for 4 times every day, the feeding amount accounts for 3% of the weight of the fries, the fries start from 50 days, the feeding amount is gradually increased from 3% to 8%, and the growth rate is 0.5%/d;
the microcapsule compound bait is 150-200 micron microencapsulated initial bait which is prepared by taking soybean meal, bone meal, broad bean powder and shrimp shell powder in a mass ratio of 5:2:1:1 as core materials, carrying out superfine grinding, taking hydrolyzed fish protein, sodium alginate and maltodextrin in a mass ratio of 3:1:0.5 as wall materials, and carrying out spray drying;
(4) water changing and illumination management:
5-10 d of seedling cultivation, 8% of filtered seawater is replaced every day, 20% of filtered seawater is replaced every day for 11-19 d of seedling cultivation, 40% of filtered seawater is replaced every day for 20-29 d of seedling cultivation, 130% of filtered seawater is replaced every day for 30-49 d of seedling cultivation, 200% of filtered seawater is replaced every day after 50d of seedling cultivation, and dissolved oxygen is kept to be larger than 6 mg/L; culturing seedlings for 10-25 days, replacing filtered seawater every day, adding natural algae culture pond water, and keeping the transparency of the cement pond water at 50 cm;
setting indoor illumination conditions of the fries to be 5-20 days old at 18001x and 11h/d, setting the fries to be 20-35 days old, adopting the indoor illumination conditions of 28001x and 13h/d, performing light-induced food training, and adopting the indoor illumination conditions of 1400lx and 13h/d until the fry culture is finished;
(5) emergence of seedlings
When the larval fish is 50 days old, the pond separation is carried out, and the fry density is reduced to 1 ten thousand tails/m3Then, when the average body length of the larval fish is more than 3.5cm, the larval fish is moved to the offshore net cage for culture by using the running water transportation deviceAnd (4) breeding.
Comparative example 1-an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for oplegnathus punctatus according to example 3, which is different from the following steps: in the step (1), adding a mixture of the young hatched fish and the water in a mass ratio of 2:1:1 ratio of spirulina, diatom and chlorella, the clarity of the cement pond water was kept at 85cm, and the rest was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 2-an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for oplegnathus punctatus according to example 3, which is different from the following steps: in the step (2), before the newly hatched fries are put for one week, uniformly distributing inflatable stones in a cement pond, controlling the water temperature to be 24 ℃, the salinity to be 27, the dissolved oxygen in the water to be 6.5mg/L, and controlling the density of the newly hatched fries to be 16000 tails/m3Otherwise, the same procedure as in example 3 was repeated.
Comparative example 3-an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method for oplegnathus punctatus according to example 3, which is different from the following steps: in the step (3), the larval fish is 20-40 days old, the fed bait is copepods, and the bait density is 8-10 per ml; feeding microencapsulated initial feed for the 30-day-old fish fries for 3 times each day till the end of fry breeding, wherein the feeding amount accounts for 6 percent of the weight of the fish; the rest is the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 4-an indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of oplegnathus punctatus according to example 3, the difference is that: in the step (4), the indoor illumination conditions of the 5-day-old larval fish are set to 1400lx and 13h/d, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 3.
Counting the fry survival rate and the fry growth condition of the fry breeding methods in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 4, respectively taking equal amount of fry with average body length of 3.5cm, uniformly transferring the live water transportation device to a marine net cage culture, and counting the survival rate of the adult fishes cultured in the net cage culture, wherein the results are as follows:
according to the above table, the indoor cement pond artificial fry method for the oplegnathus maculatus effectively promotes the growth of the oplegnathus maculatus fry, improves the growth quality and the survival rate of the fry, is more suitable for later stage transfer to offshore cage culture, reduces the stress reaction of the fry to the culture environment, and thus effectively improves the survival rate of adult fish. It can be seen from the example 3 and the comparative example 1 that the adoption of the natural algae culture pond water is more beneficial to maintaining and improving and maintaining stable seedling culture water quality, improving the growth quality and survival rate of the fry, and the example 3 and the comparative example 2 show that strict pond entering conditions and density of the fry provide milder pond entering conditions for the fry and reduce the stress reaction of the fry; the embodiment 3 and the comparative example 3 show that when the larval fish is 30 days old, a small amount of microencapsulated initial feed is used for multiple feeding, and the initial feed is combined with the living feed for domestication feeding, so that the influence of fry in domestication transition is reduced, the feeding capacity of the fry is improved, and the growth quality and the immunity of the fry are improved; as can be seen from the example 3 and the comparative example 4, when the fries are 20-35 days old, the indoor illumination intensity and duration are increased, light-induced food training is carried out, the food intake and the swimming frequency of the fries are increased, the growth quality of the fries is improved, and the immunity and the survival rate of the fries are improved. In addition, as can be seen from the survival rates of the adult fishes in the embodiment 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, the fry is fed, domesticated and light-induced to train and eat in a staged manner, so that the fry is more suitable for the water condition of later stage transfer to the offshore cage culture, the stress reaction of the fry is reduced, and the survival rate of the adult fishes in the cage culture is effectively improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. An indoor cement pond artificial breeding method of oplegnathus punctatus is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) controlling the water quality of the cement pond:
selecting area larger than 50m2Injecting natural seawater with the salinity of 23-25 into a cement pond, adding 0.5-0.8 mg/L of EM probiotic preparation into the pond one month before the initial-hatched fries are thrown in the pond, adding 0.1-0.3 mg/L of EM probiotic preparation and natural algae culture pond water every day, and keeping the transparency of the cement pond water at 80 ℃90cm；
(2) Putting the newly hatched fries into a pond:
before the newly hatched fries are put for one week, I-shaped aerated stones are distributed in the cement pond, the cement pond is divided into two relative still water areas by the aerated stones, the water temperature is controlled to be 23-25 ℃, the salinity is controlled to be 25-28, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 5 mg/L; placing the newly hatched fries into a relative still water area in a cement pond, and controlling the density to be 13000-15000 tails/m3；
(3) Feeding management:
feeding SS type rotifers to 4-7-day-old fish fries every day, wherein the length of each rotifer is less than 120 micrometers, and the density of the rotifers is 15-25/ml; feeding the 6-15-day-old fries with bait of common rotifers and cladocera with the length not more than 220 microns, wherein the bait density is 10-15 per ml; feeding 10-25 days old fries with bait of fairy shrimp nauplius and oyster fertilized eggs, wherein the bait density is 5-10 pieces/ml; feeding 20-40 days old fries with baits of copepods and live mysidae larvae, wherein the bait density is 8-10 per ml; feeding microencapsulated initial feed of 150-200 microns for 5-6 times every day after the fry is 30 days old until the fry is raised, wherein the feeding amount accounts for 1-5% of the weight of the fish; feeding shrimps and fresh minced fish for 3-5 times every day after fry rearing is finished for 50 days, wherein the feeding amount accounts for 3-8% of the weight of the fish;
(4) water changing and illumination management:
5-10 d of seedling cultivation, replacing 5-10% of filtered seawater every day, 15-25% of filtered seawater every day for 11-19 d of seedling cultivation, 30-50% of filtered seawater every day for 20-29 d of seedling cultivation, 100-150% of filtered seawater every day for 30-49 d of seedling cultivation, 150-200% of filtered seawater every day after 50d of seedling cultivation, and keeping dissolved oxygen greater than 6 mg/L;
setting indoor illumination conditions of 1500-20001 x and 10-12 h/d for the fry of 5-20 days old, setting indoor illumination conditions of 2500 plus materials 30001x and 12-15 h/d for the fry of 20-35 days old, performing light-induced food training, and setting indoor illumination conditions of 1000 plus materials 1800lx and 12-15 h/d for the fry of 36 days old until the end of seedling culture;
(5) emergence of seedlings
When the average body length of the larval fish is more than 3.5cm, the larval fish is moved to a marine net cage for culture by using a running water transportation device.
2. The artificial indoor cement pond fry raising method for oplegnathus punctatus according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the natural algae culture pond water is prepared by adding 2 mass percent of seawater in an independent cement pond: 1:1, and performing aerated culture on the spirulina, the diatom and the chlorella under the natural illumination condition for 3-5 days to obtain natural algae culture pond water with green or light brown water color.
3. The artificial indoor cement pond fry culturing method of oplegnathus punctatus according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), 0.2mg/L EM probiotic preparation and natural algae culture pond water are added every day, and the transparency of the cement pond water is kept at 85 cm.
4. The artificial indoor cement pond fry raising method for oplegnathus punctatus according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the microcapsule compound bait is 150-200 micron microcapsule opening bait which is prepared by taking soybean meal, bone meal, broad bean powder and shrimp shell powder in a mass ratio of 5:2:1:1 as core materials, carrying out superfine grinding, taking hydrolyzed fish protein, sodium alginate and maltodextrin in a mass ratio of 3:1:0.5 as wall materials, and carrying out spray drying.
5. The artificial indoor cement pond fry raising method for oplegnathus punctatus according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), the water temperature in the cement pond is controlled to be 24 ℃, the salinity is controlled to be 27, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is 6-7 mg/L.
6. The artificial indoor cement pond fry raising method for oplegnathus punctatus according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), the newly hatched fries are placed in a relative still water area in a cement pool, and the density is controlled to be 14000 tails/m3。
7. The artificial indoor cement pond fry raising method for oplegnathus punctatus according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), when microencapsulated initial feed is fed, an LED yellow light lamp is adopted to irradiate the water surface, each irradiation is carried out for 5-10 min, and the dissolved oxygen is increased by more than 5.5 mg/L.
8. The artificial indoor cement pond fry raising method for oplegnathus punctatus according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), when the shrimps and the fresh minced fish are fed, the feeding amount of the larval fish is gradually increased from 3% to 8% from 50 days old, and the growth rate is 0.5%/d.
9. The artificial indoor cement pond fry raising method for oplegnathus punctatus according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and (4) culturing seedlings for 10-25 days, replacing filtered seawater every day, adding natural algae culture pond water, and keeping the transparency of the cement pond water at 50-55 cm.
10. The artificial indoor cement pond fry raising method for oplegnathus punctatus according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (5), when the larval fish are 50 days old, pool separation is carried out, and the fry density is reduced to 1 ten thousand tails/m3The following.
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Denomination of invention: A Method of Indoor Cement Pond Artificial Seedling Cultivation for Spotted Seabream Effective date of registration: 20230526 Granted publication date: 20220318 Pledgee: Agricultural Development Bank of China Lingshui Li Autonomous County sub branch Pledgor: HAINAN CHENHAI AQUATIC Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980041931 |