CN109804952B - Artificial breeding method for decapterus maruadsi - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides an artificial breeding method of decapterus maruadsi, which comprises the following steps: selecting healthy female and male decapterus maruadsi of more than 3 ages as parents; selecting a net cage for cultivation, and feeding a feed A and a feed B every day; after the parent fish is mature, naturally spawning and fertilizing, fishing out fertilized eggs and placing the fertilized eggs into a culture pond for incubation, and slightly inflating the pond water to obtain the fry; inoculating 1000-1200 ten thousand per mL of dunaliella salina, 300-600 ten thousand per mL of chaetoceros and 700-900 ten thousand per mL of chlorella, and culturing the larval fish; and feeding the feed C every day after 5 days, and culturing for 20-30 days to obtain the fry. By adopting the breeding method, the parent fish has high egg laying amount, the fertility rate can reach more than 98%, the hatchability of the fertilized eggs can reach more than 94%, the quality of the fertilized eggs is high, the survival rate of the cultured fry of the carangid is high, the fry yield of the carangid is high, the breeding efficiency is high, and the breeding quality is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of culture of decapterus maruadsi, in particular to an artificial breeding method of decapterus maruadsi.
Background
Decapterus maruadsi, english name: giant trevally, latin academic name: caranx alignbilis (
1775) And alias: decapterus maruadsi, GT, carangid, decapterus maruadsi and decapterus maruadsi . Decapterus maruadsi, a marine fish belonging to decapterus of decapterus. The largest carnivorous fish species in the carangidae family can jump out of the water surface to prey on the sea birds. Is fish of carangid, commonly named as fish of Pacific Gekko. Distributed in the ocean areas of Indian ocean, Red sea, east to Japan, Australia, south China sea, Taiwan strait, etc. The decapterus maruadsi body is oval, flat and high, and gradually extends backwards along with growth. The head and back are strongly curved, and the head and abdomen are almost linear. The fatty eyelids are usually developed, with the anterior reaching the anterior edge of the eye and the posterior reaching the posterior pupillary margin, leaving a slightly semicircular gap. And (4) performing anastomosis. The body was bluish-green on the back and silvery-white on the abdomen. Each fin is pale to yellowish. The rear edge of the gill cover does not have any black spots, and the side of the gill cover does not have any marks. At present, the breading rate of the decapterus maruadsi is low, and the survival rate of fish fries is not high, so that an artificial breading method for decapterus maruadsi is urgently needed to solve the technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides an artificial propagation method of the decapterus maruadsi, which solves the technical problem.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an artificial breeding method of decapterus maruadsi comprises the following steps:
s1, parent selection: selecting healthy female and male decapterus maruadsi of more than 3 ages as parents;
s2, parent cultivation and reinforcement:
(1) and (3) cultivating environment: selecting a sea area with smooth tide and water depth of 5-50 m for cage culture of parent fishes;
(2) feeding the feed A and the feed B every day,
the feed A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of mullet, 4-8 parts of eel, 5-10 parts of sardine, 2-6 parts of small-skinned shrimp, 4-7 parts of crab, 3-9 parts of snail meat, 5-10 parts of snail meat, 20-30 parts of river snail meat, 1-3 parts of oyster and 5-8 parts of loach, wherein the feeding amount of the feed A is 4-7% of the weight of the fish body;
the feed B is a blocky feed and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of coconut meal, 5-10 parts of yellow mealworm, 3-8 parts of Chinese fevervine leaf powder, 2-6 parts of dunaliella salina powder, 4-8 parts of soybean meal, 3-3 parts of vitamin C1, 0.1-0.3 part of vitamin E, and vitamin B60.2 to 0.8 portion of vitamin B120.8-1.2 parts of vitamin H and 0.5-1 part of vitamin H, wherein the feeding amount of the feed B is 1-3% of the weight of the fish body;
s3, fertilization and hatching: after the parent fish is mature in nature and is fertilized by natural spawning, taking out fertilized eggs and placing the fertilized eggs into a culture pond for incubation, and slightly inflating the pond water, wherein the water temperature is 20-26 ℃, the salinity is 27-33, and the pH is 7.8-8.8 to obtain the fry;
s4, fry breeding: keeping the water temperature at 20-26 ℃, the salinity at 27-33 and the pH at 7.8-8.8, inoculating 1000-1200 ten thousand/mL of dunaliella salina, 300-600 ten thousand/mL of chaetoceros and 700-900 ten thousand/mL of chlorella, and culturing the larval fish; feeding the feed C every day after 5 days, wherein the feed C is a pellet feed and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of mullet, 2-5 parts of eel, 1-4 parts of peeled shrimp, 3-6 parts of snail meat, 8-12 parts of river snail meat, 4-8 parts of coconut meal and 1-3 parts of vitamin C; the feeding amount of the feed C is 2-4% of the weight of the fish body; and culturing for 20-30 days to obtain the fry.
Further, in step S2, feed a is fed every night and feed B is fed every morning.
Further, in the step S2, the feed A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of mullet, 7 parts of eel, 8 parts of sardine, 4 parts of peeled shrimp, 5 parts of crab, 6 parts of snail meat, 8 parts of snail meat, 25 parts of river snail meat, 2 parts of oyster and 7 parts of loach.
Further, in the step S2, the feed B is a block feed which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of coconut meal, 8 parts of yellow mealworm, 5 parts of Chinese fevervine leaf powder, 4 parts of dunaliella salina powder, 6 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of vitamin C, 0.2 part of vitamin E and vitamin B60.5 part of vitamin B121.0 part and 0.8 part of vitamin H.
Further, in step S2, the mesh box has a size of 5m × 4m, and the mesh size of the mesh box is 60 meshes.
Further, in the step S2, the cultivation density of the net cage is 1-3 tails/m3。
Further, in the step S3, the fertilized eggs are put in a density of 2-4 ten thousand eggs/m3。
Further, in the step S4, the feed C comprises the following components: 8 parts of mullet, 3 parts of eel, 2 parts of small shrimps, 5 parts of snail meat, 10 parts of river snail meat, 6 parts of coconut meal and 2 parts of vitamin C.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the breeding method, the parent fish has high egg laying amount, the fertility rate can reach more than 98%, the hatchability of the fertilized eggs can reach more than 94%, the quality of the fertilized eggs is high, the survival rate of the cultured fry of the carangid is high, the fry yield of the carangid is high, the breeding efficiency is high, and the breeding quality is good. According to the invention, during parent cultivation, through reasonable matching of the feed A and the feed B, the sexual maturity of parents is promoted, the use of oxytocin is avoided, the egg yield is increased, high-quality fertilization occurs, the quality of fertilized eggs is improved, and the quality of later-stage adult fish is improved. The invention adopts the compound algae material and the feed C to cultivate the fry, obviously improves the survival rate of the fry, and greatly improves the breeding efficiency and the breeding quality of the decapterus maruadsi.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1
An artificial breeding method of decapterus maruadsi comprises the following steps:
s1, parent selection: selecting healthy female and male decapterus maruadsi of more than 3 ages as parents, wherein the ratio of male to female is 1: 0.5;
s2, parent cultivation and reinforcement:
(1) and (3) cultivating environment: selecting a sea area with smooth tide and water depth of 5-50 m for cage cultivation of parent fishes, wherein the size of the cage is 5m x 4m, the mesh size of the cage is 60 meshes, and the cultivation density is 1 tail/m3；
(2) Feeding the feed A and the feed B every day, feeding the feed A every night, feeding the feed B in the morning,
the feed A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of mullet, 4 parts of eel, 5 parts of sardine, 2 parts of peeled shrimp, 4 parts of crab, 3 parts of snail meat, 5 parts of snail meat, 20 parts of river snail meat, 1 part of oyster and 5 parts of loach, wherein the feeding amount of the feed A is 4-7% of the weight of the fish body;
the feed B is prepared into a block feed and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of coconut meal, 5 parts of yellow mealworm, 3 parts of Chinese fevervine leaf powder, 2 parts of dunaliella salina powder, 4 parts of soybean meal, 1 parts of vitamin C, 0.1 part of vitamin E and vitamin B60.2 portion of vitamin B120.8 part of vitamin H and 0.5 part of vitamin B, wherein the feeding amount of the feed B is 1-3% of the weight of the fish body;
s3, fertilization and hatching: after the parent fish is mature, naturally spawning and fertilizing, fishing out fertilized eggs and placing the fertilized eggs into a culture pond for incubation, wherein the putting density of the fertilized eggs is 2-4 ten thousand eggs/m3Slightly inflating pool water, wherein the water temperature is 20-26 ℃, the salinity is 27-33, and the pH value is 7.8-8.8 to obtain the larval fish;
s4, fry breeding: keeping the water temperature at 20-26 ℃, the salinity at 27-33 and the pH at 7.8-8.8, inoculating 1000-1100 ten thousand/mL of dunaliella salina, 300-400 ten thousand/mL of chaetoceros and 700-800 ten thousand/mL of chlorella, and culturing the larval fish; feeding the feed C every day after 5 days, wherein the feed C is prepared into soft pellet feed and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of mullet, 2 parts of eel, 1 part of small shrimps, 3 parts of snail meat, 8 parts of river snail meat, 4 parts of coconut meal and 1 parts of vitamin C; the feeding amount of the feed C is 2-4% of the weight of the fish body; after 20 days of cultivation, fry is obtained.
Example 2
An artificial breeding method of decapterus maruadsi comprises the following steps:
s1, parent selection: selecting healthy decapterus maruadsi of more than 3 ages as a parent, wherein the male-female ratio is 1: 0.5;
s2, parent cultivation and reinforcement:
(1) and (3) cultivating environment: selecting a sea area with smooth tide and water depth of 5-50 m for cage cultivation of parent fishes, wherein the size of the cage is 5m x 4m, the mesh size of the cage is 60 meshes, and the cultivation density is 3 tails/m3；
(2) Feeding a feed A and a feed B every day, feeding the feed A every night, and feeding the feed B in the morning, wherein the feed A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of mullet, 8 parts of eel, 10 parts of sardine, 6 parts of peeled shrimp, 7 parts of crab, 9 parts of snail meat, 10 parts of snail meat, 30 parts of river snail meat, 3 parts of oyster and 8 parts of loach, wherein the feeding amount of the feed A is 4-7% of the weight of the fish body;
the feed B is prepared into a block feed and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of coconut meal, 10 parts of yellow mealworm, 8 parts of Chinese fevervine leaf powder, 6 parts of dunaliella salina powder, 8 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of vitamin C, 0.3 part of vitamin E and vitamin B60.8 portion of vitamin B121.2 parts of vitamin H1 parts, wherein the feeding amount of the feed B is 1-3% of the weight of the fish body;
s3, fertilization and hatching: after the parent fish is mature, naturally spawning and fertilizing, fishing out fertilized eggs and placing the fertilized eggs into a culture pond for incubation, wherein the putting density of the fertilized eggs is 2-4 ten thousand eggs/m3Slightly inflating pool water, wherein the water temperature is 20-26 ℃, the salinity is 27-33, and the pH value is 7.8-8.8 to obtain the larval fish;
s4, fry breeding: keeping the water temperature at 20-26 ℃, the salinity at 27-33 and the pH at 7.8-8.8, inoculating 1100-1200 ten thousand/mL of dunaliella salina, 500-600 ten thousand/mL of chaetoceros and 800-900 ten thousand/mL of chlorella, and culturing the larval fish; feeding the feed C every day after 5 days, wherein the feed C is prepared into soft pellet feed and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of mullet, 5 parts of eel, 4 parts of peeled shrimp, 6 parts of snail meat, 12 parts of river snail meat, 8 parts of coconut meal and 3 parts of vitamin C; the feeding amount of the feed C is 2-4% of the weight of the fish body; after 30 days of cultivation, fry is obtained.
Example 3
An artificial breeding method of decapterus maruadsi comprises the following steps:
s1, parent selection: selecting healthy decapterus maruadsi of more than 3 ages as a parent, wherein the male-female ratio is 1: 0.5;
s2, parent cultivation and reinforcement:
(1) and (3) cultivating environment: selecting a sea area with smooth tide and water depth of 5-50 m for cage cultivation of parent fishes, wherein the size of the cage is 5m x 4m, the mesh size of the cage is 60 meshes, and the cultivation density is 2 tails/m3；
(2) Feeding a feed A and a feed B every day, feeding the feed A every night, and feeding the feed B in the morning, wherein the feed A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of mullet, 7 parts of eel, 8 parts of sardine, 4 parts of peeled shrimp, 5 parts of crab, 6 parts of snail meat, 8 parts of snail meat, 25 parts of river snail meat, 2 parts of oyster and 7 parts of loach, wherein the feeding amount of the feed A is 4-7% of the weight of the fish body;
the feed B is prepared into a block feed and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of coconut meal, 8 parts of yellow mealworm, 5 parts of Chinese fevervine leaf powder, 4 parts of dunaliella salina powder, 6 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of vitamin C, 0.2 part of vitamin E and vitamin B60.5 part of vitamin B121.0 part and 0.8 part of vitamin H, wherein the feeding amount of the feed B is 1-3% of the weight of the fish body;
s3, fertilization and hatching: after the parent fish is mature, naturally spawning and fertilizing, fishing out fertilized eggs and placing the fertilized eggs into a culture pond for incubation, wherein the putting density of the fertilized eggs is 2-4 ten thousand eggs/m3Slightly inflating pool water, wherein the water temperature is 20-26 ℃, the salinity is 27-33, and the pH value is 7.8-8.8 to obtain the larval fish;
s4, fry breeding: keeping the water temperature at 20-26 ℃, the salinity at 27-33 and the pH at 7.8-8.8, inoculating 1050-1150 ten thousand/mL of dunaliella salina, 400-500 ten thousand/mL of chaetoceros and 750-850 ten thousand/mL of chlorella, and culturing the larval fish; feeding the feed C every day after 5 days, wherein the feed C is prepared into soft pellet feed and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of mullet, 3 parts of eel, 2 parts of peeled shrimp, 5 parts of snail meat, 10 parts of river snail meat, 6 parts of coconut meal and 2 parts of vitamin C; the feeding amount of the feed C is 2-4% of the weight of the fish body; after 25 days of cultivation, fry is obtained.
Example 4
The present example is different from example 3 in that in step S2, feed a is fed every morning and feed B is fed every evening.
Comparative example 1
The present comparative example is different from example 3 in that feed A was fed in the evening according to example 3 in step S2, and feed B was replaced with feed A in the morning, i.e., feed B was not fed all day long.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example and the example 3 is that in the step of S2, the feed A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of mullet, 1 part of eel, 1 part of sardine, 1 part of small-skinned shrimp, 1 part of crab, 1 part of snail meat, 1 part of river snail meat, 1 part of oyster and 1 part of loach.
Comparative example 3
The difference between the comparative example and the example 3 is that in the step of S2, the feed B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of coconut meal, 1 part of yellow mealworm, 1 part of Chinese fevervine leaf powder, 1 part of dunaliella salina powder, 1 part of soybean meal, 1 parts of vitamin C, 1 parts of vitamin E and vitamin B61 part of vitamin B121 part and vitamin H1 parts.
Comparative example 4
The difference between the comparative example and the example 3 is that in the step of S4, the feed C comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of mullet, 1 part of eel, 1 part of small shrimps, 1 part of snail meat, 1 part of river snail meat, 1 part of coconut meal and 1 parts of vitamin C.
Comparative example 5
The present comparative example is different from example 3 in that the Chaetoceros is replaced with spirulina in the step of S4.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example is different from example 3 in that 800 ten thousand/mL of dunaliella salina, 1000 ten thousand/mL of Chaetoceros and 1000 ten thousand/mL of chlorella were inoculated in the S4 step.
The egg laying amount, fertility rate, hatchability and survival rate of the fries after cultivation were measured for each of the above examples and comparative examples, and the results are shown in the following table:
the results of the above examples 1 to 4 show that, by adopting the breeding method of the invention, the parent fish has high egg laying amount, the fertility rate can reach more than 98%, the hatchability rate of the fertilized eggs reaches more than 94%, the fertilized eggs have high quality, the survival rate of the bred fry is high, and the output of the fry of the decapterus maruadsi is large.
In example 4, the feeding timing of the feed a and the feed B of the present invention further improves the breeding efficiency of the present invention.
Compared with the example 3, the comparative examples 1 to 3 show that the feed A and the feed B have great influence on the egg laying amount, the fertility rate, the hatching rate and the survival rate of later-stage fry of the parent fish, and if the mixture ratio is improper, the egg laying amount, the fertility rate, the hatching rate and the survival rate of later-stage fry can be obviously reduced.
Compared with the embodiment 3, the larval fish breeding method has the advantages that the compound algae feed and the scientifically prepared feed C are fed when the larval fish is bred, the survival rate of the larval fish is greatly influenced, and the survival rate of the larval fish can be obviously reduced if the mixture ratio is improper.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. An artificial breeding method of decapterus maruadsi is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, parent selection: selecting healthy female and male decapterus maruadsi of more than 3 ages as parents;
s2, parent cultivation and reinforcement:
(1) and (3) cultivating environment: selecting a sea area with smooth tide and water depth of 5-50 m for cage culture of parent fishes;
(2) feeding the feed A and the feed B every day,
the feed A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of mullet, 4-8 parts of eel, 5-10 parts of sardine, 2-6 parts of small-skinned shrimp, 4-7 parts of crab, 3-9 parts of snail meat, 5-10 parts of snail meat, 20-30 parts of river snail meat, 1-3 parts of oyster and 5-8 parts of loach, wherein the feeding amount of the feed A is 4-7% of the weight of the fish body;
the feed B is a blocky feed and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of coconut meal, 5-10 parts of yellow mealworm, 3-8 parts of Chinese fevervine leaf powder, 2-6 parts of dunaliella salina powder, 4-8 parts of soybean powder, 1-3 parts of vitamin C, 0.1-0.3 part of vitamin E, and vitamin B60.2 to 0.8 portion of vitamin B120.8-1.2 parts of vitamin H and 0.5-1 part of vitamin H, wherein the feeding amount of the feed B is 1-3% of the weight of the fish body;
s3, fertilization and hatching: after the parent fish is mature in nature and is fertilized by natural spawning, taking out fertilized eggs and placing the fertilized eggs into a culture pond for incubation, and slightly inflating the pond water, wherein the water temperature is 20-26 ℃, the salinity is 27-33, and the pH is 7.8-8.8 to obtain the fry;
s4, fry breeding: keeping the water temperature at 20-26 ℃, the salinity at 27-33 and the pH at 7.8-8.8, inoculating 1000-1200 ten thousand/mL of dunaliella salina, 300-600 ten thousand/mL of chaetoceros and 700-900 ten thousand/mL of chlorella, and culturing the larval fish; feeding the feed C every day after 5 days, wherein the feed C is a pellet feed and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of mullet, 2-5 parts of eel, 1-4 parts of peeled shrimp, 3-6 parts of snail meat, 8-12 parts of river snail meat, 4-8 parts of coconut meal and 1-3 parts of vitamin C; the feeding amount of the feed C is 2-4% of the weight of the fish body; and culturing for 20-30 days to obtain the fry.
2. The artificial propagation method of decapterus maruadsi according to claim 1, wherein the artificial propagation method comprises the following steps: in step S2, feed a is fed every night and feed B is fed in the morning.
3. The artificial propagation method of decapterus maruadsi according to claim 1, wherein the artificial propagation method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the feed A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of mullet, 7 parts of eel, 8 parts of sardine, 4 parts of peeled shrimp, 5 parts of crab, 6 parts of snail meat, 8 parts of snail meat, 25 parts of river snail meat, 2 parts of oyster and 7 parts of loach.
4. The artificial propagation method of decapterus maruadsi according to claim 1, wherein the artificial propagation method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the feed B is a block feed and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of coconut meal, 8 parts of yellow mealworm, 5 parts of Chinese fevervine leaf powder, 4 parts of dunaliella salina powder, 6 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of vitamin C, 0.2 part of vitamin E and vitamin B60.5 part of vitamin B121.0 part and 0.8 part of vitamin H.
5. The artificial propagation method of decapterus maruadsi according to claim 1, wherein the artificial propagation method comprises the following steps: in step S2, the mesh box has a size of 5m × 4m, and the mesh size of the mesh box is 60 meshes.
6. The artificial propagation method of decapterus maruadsi according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the artificial propagation method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the cultivation density of the net cage is 1-3 tails/m3。
7. The artificial propagation method of decapterus maruadsi according to claim 1, wherein the artificial propagation method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the fertilized eggs are put in a density of 2-4 ten thousand eggs/m3。
8. The artificial propagation method of decapterus maruadsi according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, the feed C comprises the following components: 8 parts of mullet, 3 parts of eel, 2 parts of small shrimps, 5 parts of snail meat, 10 parts of river snail meat, 6 parts of coconut meal and 2 parts of vitamin C.
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Denomination of invention: An artificial breeding method of ronin SCAD Effective date of registration: 20210928 Granted publication date: 20210126 Pledgee: CITIC Bank Haikou branch Pledgor: HAINAN CHENHAI AQUATIC Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2021980010243 |