CN111167441A - 一种金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛纳米管的制备及其在空气净化中的应用 - Google Patents
一种金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛纳米管的制备及其在空气净化中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
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- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛纳米管的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:S1:向溶剂中依次加入表面活性剂和氯金酸,混合均匀,调节pH为8.0‑10.0,再加入二氧化钛粉末和还原剂,在室温下反应1‑5小时,分离出固体A;S2:将步骤S1中制备的固体A和氧化石墨烯粉末混合均匀,再加入碱,进行水热反应后,分离出固体B,将固体B进行酸洗,在100‑400℃加热1‑1.5小时,得到金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛纳米管。该金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛纳米管的光催化效率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛纳米管的制备及其在空气净化中的应用。
背景技术
随着越来越多的新型建筑材料和装饰材料被运用,室内空气污染已不容小觑。有调查显示,大多数成年人一天有80%的时间会待在室内,而这一数字在婴幼儿及老弱病残人群身上会更高。因此研制安全有效的室内空气净化材料势在必行。
用光催化技术来降解室内污染物是个合适的选择,在光照条件下光催化剂能把空气中的有机污染物降解为二氧化碳和水,同时作为催化剂,它的作用时间比较长,可以持续降解建材中缓慢释放出的有害气体。
但是目前运用最广泛的光催化剂二氧化钛却不适合用于室内污染物降解。主要原因是二氧化钛禁带宽度较宽,只能对紫外波段光谱有响应,对可见光无作用。且纯的二氧化钛产生的光生电子空穴复合几率高,因此量子效率低,直接使用二氧化钛几乎不能达到室内空气净化效果。
利用贵金属掺杂可以改善二氧化钛的催化效率,这是由于贵金属的费米能级比二氧化钛低,能够捕获二氧化钛的光生电子,降低电子复合几率。金纳米粒子能与可见光作用,产生表面等离子体共振效应,使负载贵金属的二氧化钛能够利用可见光引发化学反应。在贵金属中,金纳米粒子有卓越的电子接受能力,很容易与二氧化钛达到费米能级平衡,使费米能级降低,可有效传递光生电子,因此常与二氧化钛结合制备高效催化剂。
石墨烯是一种二维单层原子晶体材料,具有许多优异性能,如高强度,其杨氏模量可达1100GPa,断裂强度达到125GPa,比世界上最好的钢铁还要高;高导热性,石墨烯的热导率是5000W.m-1.K-1,是铜的十倍;高载流子迁移率,其载流子迁移率是200000cm2.V-1.S-1,是单晶硅的100倍。除此之外,石墨烯还有高比表面积、高载流子浓度、和高稳定性等特性。
二维石墨烯有较大的比表面积,与二氧化钛结合可以提高其对反应物的吸附能力。石墨烯的高载流子迁移率也可以捕获光生电子,降低电子空穴复合几率。且有很多研究已经证明了将二氧化钛和石墨烯结合能够增强其在紫外和可见光范围的光谱吸收强度(VOL.5,NO.9,7426–7435,2011ACS NANO)。因此,若能将金掺杂的二氧化钛分散在石墨烯片层中,其催化效率将会有较大改进。但是二维平面结构的石墨烯和球状二氧化钛接触面积有限,结合能力较弱,很难达到我们想要的效果。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛纳米管的制备,可以有效解决上述问题。
本发明是这样实现的:
一种金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛纳米管的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:向溶剂中依次加入表面活性剂和氯金酸,搅拌均匀,调节pH为8.0-10.0,再加入二氧化钛粉末和还原剂,在室温下反应1-5小时,分离出固体A。由于二氧化钛的等电点在6左右,pH为8.0-10.0,高于此时二氧化钛带负电,粒子之间存在电斥力,不易团聚,能够更好地分散在水中,利于金离子均匀沉降在其表面。
S2:将步骤S1中制备的固体A和氧化石墨烯粉末混合均匀,再加入碱,进行水热反应后,分离出固体B,将固体B进行酸洗,在100-400℃加热1-1.5小时,得到金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛纳米管。由于氧化石墨烯在加热条件下能够脱去含氧光能团还原成石墨烯,因此在水热反应的过程中氧化石墨烯会被逐渐还原为石墨烯。同时,在强碱条件下,球状二氧化钛会转变成管状,与二维石墨烯紧密结合。
作为进一步改进的,所述溶剂为去离子水。
作为进一步改进的,所述表面活性剂选自十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十二烷基苯环酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠的一种或几种。
作为进一步改进的,所述还原剂选自柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、酒石酸钾、亚磷酸钠、甲酸中一种或几种。本发明所用选用的还原剂为安全无毒的弱还原剂,能够让金还原,同时氯金酸会发生水解,并跟二氧化钛反应生成Ti-O-Au复合物,因此此方法可以增加金在二氧化钛上的结合力,提高金纳米粒子在二氧化钛上的结合率。
作为进一步改进的,所述碱为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾,所述酸为盐酸或硝酸。
作为进一步改进的,所述二氧化钛为锐钛矿型二氧化钛。
作为进一步改进的,在步骤S1中,所述溶剂、表面活性剂、氯金酸、还原剂、二氧化钛的浓度比为溶剂:表面活性剂:氯金酸:还原剂:二氧化钛=20-50ml:0.5-10mg:0.005-0.1mmol:0.04-100mg:1g。
作为进一步改进的,步骤S2中,所述水热反应的温度为120℃-180℃,时间为10-24小时。
作为进一步改进的,在步骤S2中,所述氧化石墨烯粉末和所述固体A的质量比为0.005-0.01:1,所述溶剂和所述固体A的质量比为18-22ml:1mg,所述碱与所述溶剂的质量体积比为1g:2-3ml。
本发明还提供一种上述所制备的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管在空气净化中的应用。把上述制备好的的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管粉末溶入水中超声分散均匀,可喷涂于墙壁、家具表面,用于降解室内环境中的甲醛和有机污染物。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明所制备的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管的二氧化钛呈管状,管状二氧化钛相较于球状二氧化钛,它的比表面积增大,与反应物结合的活性位点增多,能大幅度提高催化效率,因此具有很强的可将光降解污染物能力,可见光下降解甲苯的能力比球状金二氧化钛Au-P25更强。
本发明制备的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管的方法所用原料安全无毒,所制备的室内空气净化喷雾安全无毒,对母婴无害。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施方式的技术方案,下面将对实施方式中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,应当理解,以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例,因此不应被看作是对范围的限定,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1是本发明实施例1提供的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管的电镜图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施方式的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施方式中的附图,对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施方式是本发明一部分实施方式,而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式,都属于本发明保护的范围。因此,以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施方式的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
往1000mL去离子水中加入100mg的十二烷基硫酸钠,加入5mL 0.1M的HAuCl4。往溶液中滴加氢氧化钠直到溶液pH值达到9.5。加入50g二氧化钛,继续搅拌1小时。加入0.3g的柠檬酸,继续搅拌30分钟。用漏斗过滤除去反应溶液,将粉末重新分散在水中,搅拌洗涤,再过滤除去水,重复数次。80℃干燥4小时,就得到固体粉末。在100mL水中加入25mg的氧化石墨烯,加入5g所述固体粉末,剧烈搅拌2小时。加入40g氢氧化钠,搅拌,把反应液加入水热釜中180℃加热10小时。取出反应液,用漏斗过滤除去液体,把粉末放入0.1M稀盐酸溶液中洗涤,过滤除去稀盐酸,重复数次。同样步骤用清水洗涤数次,80℃干燥4小时,放入马弗炉中300℃加热1小时,就得到金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管。
实施例2
往250mL去离子水中加入5mg的聚丙烯酸钠,加入1mL 0.1M的HAuCl4。往溶液中滴加氢氧化钠直到溶液pH值达到8。加入5g德固赛P25二氧化钛,搅拌1小时。加入2mg甲酸,继续搅拌30分钟。用漏斗过滤除去反应溶液,将粉末重新分散在水中,搅拌洗涤,再过滤除去水,重复数次。50℃干燥6小时,就得到固体粉末。在100mL水中加入50mg的氧化石墨烯,加入5g上述固体粉末,剧烈搅拌2小时。加入40g氢氧化钠,搅拌,把反应液加入水热釜中180℃加热10小时。取出反应液,用漏斗过滤除去液体,把粉末放入0.1M稀盐酸溶液中洗涤,过滤除去稀盐酸,重复数次。同样步骤用清水洗涤数次,80℃干燥4小时,放入马弗炉中300℃加热1小时,就得到金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管。
实施例3
采用实施例1所制备的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管在氙灯下进行降解甲苯实验。
在10mL的玻璃瓶中放入8mg的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管,再向玻璃瓶中加入2μL的甲苯,密封玻璃瓶,在波长400nm-800nm氙灯下照射5小时。往玻璃瓶中注入5mL的乙醇,充分震荡,用注射器抽取乙醇,用滤膜过滤催化剂。取所得的乙醇溶液1μL注射到气相色谱,分析甲苯峰面积。同时设立不加催化剂的空白对照组和用负载金的P25二氧化钛Au-P25催化剂做比较。下表1为实验结果。
表1
从实验结果可以看出此方法制备的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管可以在可见光下有效降解甲苯,其降解效率明显高于Au-P25催化剂。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施方式而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛纳米管的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1:向溶剂中依次加入表面活性剂和氯金酸,搅拌均匀,调节pH为8.0-10.0,再加入二氧化钛粉末和还原剂,在室温下反应1-5小时,分离出固体A;
S2:将步骤S1中制备的固体A和氧化石墨烯粉末混合均匀,再加入碱,进行水热反应后,分离出固体B,将固体B进行酸洗,在100-400℃加热1-1.5小时,得到金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛纳米管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛纳米管的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶剂为去离子水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛纳米管的制备方法,其特征在于:所述表面活性剂选自十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十二烷基苯环酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管的制备方法,其特征在于:所述还原剂选自柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、酒石酸钾、亚磷酸钠、甲酸中一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤S2中,所述碱为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾,所述酸为盐酸或硝酸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管的制备方法,其特征在于:所述二氧化钛为锐钛矿型二氧化钛。
7.根据权利要求1所述的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤S1中,所述溶剂、表面活性剂、氯金酸、还原剂、二氧化钛的浓度比为溶剂:表面活性剂:氯金酸:还原剂:二氧化钛=20-50ml:0.5-10mg:0.005-0.1mmol:0.04-100mg:1g。
8.根据权利要求1所述的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,所述水热反应的温度为120℃-180℃,时间为10-24小时。
9.根据权利要求1所述的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤S2中,所述氧化石墨烯粉末和所述固体A的质量比为0.005-0.01:1,所述溶剂和所述固体的质量比为18-22ml:1mg,所述碱与所述溶剂的质量体积比为1g:2-3ml。
10.一种权利要求1至9任一权利要求所制备的金/石墨烯复合二氧化钛光纳米管在空气净化中的应用。
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