CN111133982A - Blueberry culture medium, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Blueberry culture medium, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN111133982A CN111133982A CN202010162737.9A CN202010162737A CN111133982A CN 111133982 A CN111133982 A CN 111133982A CN 202010162737 A CN202010162737 A CN 202010162737A CN 111133982 A CN111133982 A CN 111133982A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/42—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure of granular or aggregated structure
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of culture mediums, and relates to a blueberry culture medium, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the blueberry culture medium comprises a seedling culture medium used in a seedling culture stage and a culture medium used in a transplanting and cultivating stage; the seedling culture medium is characterized in that the fine peat sawdust accounts for 20-45% of the total mass of the seedling culture medium, the peat accounts for 50-75% of the total mass of the seedling culture medium, and the fermented sawdust accounts for 5-30% of the total mass of the seedling culture medium; the culture medium is characterized in that the mass of the fine peat sawdust accounts for 20-50% of the total mass of the culture medium, the mass of the peat accounts for 40-70% of the total mass of the culture medium, and the mass of the fermented sawdust accounts for 10-40% of the total mass of the culture medium. The culture medium effectively overcomes the defects of poor air permeability and uneven nutrients of the conventional culture medium, enhances the air permeability of the seedling culture medium and the culture medium, has sufficiently and uniformly nutrients, and overcomes the defect of low cultivation efficiency of the conventional blueberry, so that the aim of quickly cultivating and propagating blueberry plants is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of culture mediums, in particular to a blueberry culture medium, a preparation method and application.
Background
The substrate cultivation is a cultivation method which can fix the root system of a plant in a specific container and absorb nutrients, moisture and oxygen from the root system, and is also called soilless cultivation. The culture medium is the foundation of soilless culture, and can provide water, fertilizer, gas and heat necessary for plant growth for plant root system to absorb and utilize. Peat is one of traditional culture medium materials, is green high-quality high-efficiency nutrient soil, contains a large amount of organic matters and humic acid, and has the effects of keeping soil moisture, supplying nutrients and promoting plant production.
Blueberry has a plurality of health care functions, such as prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer prevention, immunity improvement, throat pain and diarrhea relief and the like, so that more and more attention is paid to utilization of blueberry and development of derivatives. In view of the wide market prospect of blueberries, more and more attention is paid to the research and development of blueberry seedlings. In the blueberry seedling cultivation, the detoxification mode can be realized through cuttage and tissue culture. The quality of the blueberries is degraded after a certain time due to the fact that cutting seedlings possibly contain virus, germs and the like, and therefore the yield, the quality and the economic benefit of the blueberries are affected. Therefore, in order to prevent the quality degradation phenomenon of the blueberries and ensure the quality and the yield of the blueberries and the economic benefit of blueberry manufacturers, the breeding method by manufacturing the detoxified seedlings of the blueberries is a preferred variety breeding method for excellent science and technology enterprises or science and technology workers. In the process of making the blueberry virus-free seedlings, how to ensure that the obtained virus-free seedlings can grow and propagate quickly is a key factor for success of making the blueberry virus-free seedlings. The Chinese invention patent CN201310546475.6 culture medium for blueberry tissue culture discloses a culture medium for blueberry tissue culture, the formula of the invention is used as a basic culture medium, the induction rate of stem segments on a primary culture medium is 82.5-90.5%, and the average primary induction rate is 3.7% higher than that of a WPM culture medium; the proliferation rate in the subculture medium was 7.8 on average, which was 9.0% higher than that in the WPM medium. Although the efficiency of the rapid growth and the propagation of blueberry tissues can be improved to a certain extent by the aid of the method, the culture medium is more in used components and complex in preparation process, so that the culture medium cannot be applied to actual blueberry culture occasions on a large scale, and the culture efficiency of blueberries is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a blueberry culture medium, a preparation method and application, and aims to overcome the defect of low blueberry culture efficiency in the prior art.
The invention discloses a blueberry culture medium, which comprises a seedling culture medium used in a seedling culture stage and a culture medium used in a transplanting and cultivating stage; the seedling culture medium comprises fine peat sawdust, peat and fermented sawdust, wherein the fine peat sawdust accounts for 20-45% of the total mass of the seedling culture medium, the peat accounts for 50-75% of the total mass of the seedling culture medium, and the fermented sawdust accounts for 5-30% of the total mass of the seedling culture medium; the specific proportion of the culture medium is that the mass of the fine peat sawdust accounts for 20-50% of the total mass of the culture medium, the mass of the peat accounts for 40-70% of the total mass of the culture medium, and the mass of the fermented sawdust accounts for 10-40% of the total mass of the culture medium.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the specific proportion of the seedling substrate is as follows: the mass of the fine peat sawdust accounts for 30% of the total mass of the seedling substrate, the mass of the peat accounts for 60% of the total mass of the seedling substrate, and the mass of the fermented sawdust accounts for 10% of the total mass of the seedling substrate.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the specific proportion of the culture medium is as follows: the mass of the fine peat wood chips accounts for 30% of the total mass of the culture medium, the mass of the peat coal accounts for 50% of the total mass of the culture medium, and the mass of the fermented sawdust accounts for 20% of the total mass of the culture medium.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the grain size of the seedling raising substrate is not more than 10mm, and the grain size of the culture substrate is not more than 30 mm.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the preparation steps of the fine peat wood chips comprise: s1, crushing peat wood by using a chipping crusher, and crushing the peat wood into peat wood blocks with the diameter less than 4 cm; s2, adopting a horizontal crusher to crush the peat wood blocks into peat particles with the diameter less than 0.1 cm; adopting a horizontal crusher to crush the peat wood blocks into peat particles with the diameter less than 0.3 cm; s3, screening peat particles by adopting a drum screen with 10mm screen holes, and screening fine peat sawdust with the particle size of not more than 10mm from the peat particles to be used as a raw material of a seedling culture medium; and screening peat particles by adopting a drum screen with 30mm sieve pores, and screening fine peat wood chips with the particle size of not more than 30mm from the peat particles to be used as a raw material of the culture medium.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation step of the fermented sawdust comprises: s21, crushing the fall by a chipping crusher into fall blocks with the diameter less than 4 cm; s22, crushing the blocks of shirt wood into particles with diameter less than 0.1cm or into particles with diameter less than 0.3cm by a horizontal crusher; s23, screening the shirt particles by a drum screen with 10mm sieve pores, and screening the shirt particles to obtain shirt wood chips with the particle size of not more than 10mm for serving as a raw material of a seedling substrate; screening the shirt particles by adopting a drum screen with 30mm sieve pores, and screening out shirt sawdust with the particle size of not more than 30mm to be used as a raw material of the culture medium; s24, placing the shirt wood chips obtained in the step S23 into an ammoniation container for ammoniation, adding ammoniation solution according to the amount of N which is 0.6-1.5 percent of the dry weight of the shirt wood chips, adjusting the water content of the mixed raw materials to 35-50 percent, uniformly mixing, and sealing the ammoniation container for ammoniation; s25, 80-90 parts by weight of the shirt wood chips subjected to ammoniation treatment in the step S24 are taken, water is added to adjust the water content of the shirt wood chips to be not more than 40%, and the shirt wood chips are piled up and fermented to obtain fermented sawdust, wherein the fermentation time is as follows: the fermentation time is 6-8 days at the ambient temperature of 15-40 ℃; fermenting at 10-15 deg.C for 15-20 days.
A preparation method of a blueberry culture medium is used for preparing the blueberry culture medium; wherein, the preparation steps comprise:
s31, respectively preparing fine peat sawdust, peat and fermented sawdust with the particle size not greater than 10mm, and respectively preparing fine peat sawdust, peat and fermented sawdust with the particle size not greater than 30 mm;
s32, simultaneously adding fine peat wood chips with the particle size not larger than 10mm, peat and fermented sawdust into a stirrer, and mixing and stirring to obtain a seedling culture substrate for a seedling culture stage, wherein the fine peat wood chips account for 30% of the total mass of the seedling culture substrate, the peat accounts for 60% of the total mass of the seedling culture substrate, and the fermented sawdust accounts for 10% of the total mass of the seedling culture substrate;
s33, adding fine peat wood chips with the particle size not larger than 30mm, peat and fermented wood bran into a stirrer at the same time, mixing and stirring to obtain the culture medium for the transplanting culture stage, wherein the mass of the fine peat wood chips accounts for 30% of the total mass of the culture medium, the mass of the peat accounts for 50% of the total mass of the culture medium, and the mass of the fermented wood bran accounts for 20% of the total mass of the culture medium.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the EC value of the seedling culture substrate in the blueberry culture substrate is 0.1-0.7 mS/cm, the mass fraction of organic matters is more than 60%, the water content is not more than 40%, the porosity is more than 20%, and the pH value is 5-6.5.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the EC value of the culture medium in the blueberry culture medium is 0.1-0.7 mS/cm, the mass fraction of organic matters is more than 60%, the water content is not more than 40%, the porosity is more than 20%, and the pH value is 5-6.5.
The application of the blueberry culture medium for blueberry cultivation comprises the following specific application steps: a1, seedling culture: planting blueberry seedlings in a seedling culture medium, sealing the blueberry seedlings by using a preservative film, and culturing the blueberry seedlings for 21 days under the illumination environment conditions of the temperature of 21-28 ℃ and the illumination condition of 2000-3000 lux; a2, hardening seedlings: under the environmental conditions of temperature of 20-25 ℃, illumination of 2000lux and relative humidity of 70-90%, cutting a cut into the preservative film, hardening off the seedlings for 1-2 days, then completely uncovering the preservative film, watering and continuing hardening off the seedlings for 1-2 days; a3, transplanting: collecting blueberry seedlings in a plastic box container after hardening, clamping the rooted blueberry seedlings by using tweezers during transplanting, directly putting the blueberry seedlings into a plug tray of a culture medium, putting the plug tray into a seedbed with a sprinkling irrigation system, and spraying water irregularly for moisturizing; a4, potting: and transplanting the seedlings with the culture medium into a pot when the young shoots of the plug seedlings grow 4-5 leaves, wherein the caliber of the plastic pot is 8-10cm, and transplanting the seedlings into a nursery for normal management.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the blueberry culture medium disclosed by the invention is comprehensive in nutrition, is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matters and humic acid, is durable in fertilizer, and can meet the nutrient requirement of long-term growth and development of plants; the composite material has good physical properties, good permeability and structure, proper water-gas proportion, decomposition resistance and good physical structure stability; in addition, the blueberry culture medium does not need fermentation, peat sawdust is completely decomposed and fermented for thousands of years in an anaerobic and humid environment, no plant diseases and insect pests are caused, roots are burnt without heat, the pH range is about 5.5, and the blueberry culture medium is neutral and can improve soil; the culture medium does not contain impurities and does not carry plant diseases and insect pests and germs; the blueberry cultivation medium has the advantages of light weight, strong water absorption and water holding capacity, low price and capability of effectively reducing cost, can effectively ensure that the obtained virus-free blueberry seedlings can grow and propagate quickly by using the combination of the seedling culture medium and the cultivation medium, is less in raw material composition and complex in preparation process, is suitable for large-scale application in actual blueberry cultivation occasions due to the fact that the seedling culture medium and the cultivation medium use simple natural components, can effectively overcome the defects of poor air permeability and non-uniform nutrients of the existing cultivation medium, enhances the air permeability and the sufficient and uniform nutrients of the seedling culture medium and the cultivation medium, and overcomes the defect of low efficiency of existing blueberry cultivation, so that the purpose of quickly cultivating blueberry plants is achieved.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention in further detail, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way, and unless otherwise indicated, the reagents, methods and apparatus used in the invention are conventional in the art, and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The first embodiment is as follows: the specific steps of the embodiment of the invention are as follows,
a1, seedling culture: planting blueberry seedlings in a seedling culture medium, sealing the blueberry seedlings by using a preservative film, and culturing the blueberry seedlings for 21 days under the illumination environment condition of 3000lux at the temperature of 25 ℃;
wherein the specific proportion of the seedling substrate is as follows: the mass of the fine peat sawdust accounts for 30% of the total mass of the seedling culture medium, the mass of the peat accounts for 55% of the total mass of the seedling culture medium, and the mass of the fermented sawdust accounts for 15% of the total mass of the seedling culture medium;
the preparation process of the seedling substrate comprises the following steps: s31, respectively preparing fine peat wood chips, peat and fermented sawdust with the particle size not greater than 10 mm; s32, adding fine peat wood chips with the particle size not larger than 10mm, peat and fermented sawdust into a stirrer at the same time, and mixing and stirring to obtain the seedling culture substrate for the seedling culture stage. More specifically, the preparation of the fine peat wood chips comprises the following steps: s1, crushing peat wood by using a chipping crusher, and crushing the peat wood into peat wood blocks with the diameter less than 4 cm; s2, adopting a horizontal crusher to crush the peat wood blocks into peat particles with the diameter less than 0.1 cm; s3, screening peat particles by adopting a drum screen with 10mm screen holes, and screening fine peat sawdust with the particle size of not more than 10mm from the peat particles to be used as a raw material of a seedling culture medium; the preparation method of the fermented sawdust comprises the following steps: s21, crushing the fall by a chipping crusher into fall blocks with the diameter less than 4 cm; s22, crushing the blocks into particles with diameter less than 0.1cm by a horizontal crusher; s23, screening the shirt particles by a drum screen with 10mm sieve pores, and screening the shirt particles to obtain shirt wood chips with the particle size of not more than 10mm for serving as a raw material of a seedling substrate; s24, placing the shirt wood chips obtained in the step S23 into an ammoniation container for ammoniation, adding ammoniation solution according to the amount of N which is 1.5 percent of the dry weight of the shirt wood chips, adjusting the water content of the mixed raw materials to 35 percent, uniformly mixing, and then sealing the ammoniation container for ammoniation; s25, 80 parts by weight of the shirt wood chips subjected to ammoniation treatment in the step S24 are taken, water is added to adjust the water content of the shirt wood chips to be not more than 40%, and the shirt wood chips are piled up and fermented to obtain fermented sawdust, wherein the fermentation time is as follows: fermenting at ambient temperature of 15 deg.C for 20 days.
A2, hardening seedlings: under the environmental conditions of temperature of 20-25 ℃, illumination of 2000lux and relative humidity of 70-90%, cutting a cut into the preservative film, hardening off the seedlings for 1-2 days, then completely uncovering the preservative film, watering and continuing hardening off the seedlings for 1-2 days; a3, transplanting: collecting blueberry seedlings in a plastic box container after hardening, clamping the rooted blueberry seedlings by using tweezers during transplanting, directly putting the blueberry seedlings into a plug tray of a culture medium, putting the plug tray into a seedbed with a sprinkling irrigation system, and spraying water irregularly for moisturizing; a4, potting: and transplanting the seedlings with the culture medium into a pot when the young shoots of the plug seedlings grow 4-5 leaves, wherein the caliber of the plastic pot is 8-10cm, and transplanting the seedlings into a nursery for normal management.
The specific proportion of the culture medium is as follows: the mass of the fine peat wood chips accounts for 30% of the total mass of the culture medium, the mass of the peat coal accounts for 45% of the total mass of the culture medium, and the mass of the fermented sawdust accounts for 25% of the total mass of the culture medium;
the preparation process of the culture medium comprises the following steps: s31, respectively preparing fine peat wood chips, peat and fermented sawdust with the particle size not larger than 30 mm; s32, adding fine peat wood chips with the particle size not larger than 30mm, peat and fermented sawdust into a stirrer at the same time, and mixing and stirring to obtain the culture medium for the culture and transplantation stage. More specifically, the preparation of the fine peat wood chips comprises the following steps: s1, crushing peat wood by using a chipping crusher, and crushing the peat wood into peat wood blocks with the diameter less than 4 cm; s2, adopting a horizontal crusher to crush the peat wood blocks into peat particles with the diameter less than 0.3 cm; s3, screening peat particles by adopting a drum screen with 30mm screen holes, and screening fine peat sawdust with the particle size not more than 30mm from the peat particles to be used as a raw material of a culture medium; the preparation method of the fermented sawdust comprises the following steps: s21, crushing the fall by a chipping crusher into fall blocks with the diameter less than 4 cm; s22, crushing the blocks into particles with diameter less than 0.3cm by a horizontal crusher; s23, screening the shirt particles by a drum screen with 30mm sieve pores, and screening the shirt particles to obtain shirt wood chips with the particle size of not more than 10mm for serving as a raw material of the culture medium; s24, placing the shirt wood chips obtained in the step S23 into an ammoniation container for ammoniation, adding ammoniation solution according to the amount of N which is 1.5 percent of the dry weight of the shirt wood chips, adjusting the water content of the mixed raw materials to 35 percent, uniformly mixing, and then sealing the ammoniation container for ammoniation; s25, 80 parts by weight of the shirt wood chips subjected to ammoniation treatment in the step S24 are taken, water is added to adjust the water content of the shirt wood chips to be not more than 40%, and the shirt wood chips are piled up and fermented to obtain fermented sawdust, wherein the fermentation time is as follows: fermenting at ambient temperature of 15 deg.C for 20 days.
Example two: the specific steps of the embodiment of the invention are the same as the specific steps of the embodiment one, and the difference is that in the embodiment of the invention, the specific proportion of the seedling substrate is as follows: the mass of the fine peat sawdust accounts for 30% of the total mass of the seedling substrate, the mass of the peat accounts for 60% of the total mass of the seedling substrate, and the mass of the fermented sawdust accounts for 10% of the total mass of the seedling substrate. The specific proportion of the culture medium is as follows: the mass of the fine peat wood chips accounts for 30% of the total mass of the culture medium, the mass of the peat coal accounts for 50% of the total mass of the culture medium, and the mass of the fermented sawdust accounts for 20% of the total mass of the culture medium.
Example three: the specific steps of the embodiment of the invention are the same as the specific steps of the embodiment one, and the difference is that in the embodiment of the invention, the specific proportion of the seedling substrate is as follows: the mass of the fine peat sawdust accounts for 30% of the total mass of the seedling substrate, the mass of the peat accounts for 65% of the total mass of the seedling substrate, and the mass of the fermented sawdust accounts for 5% of the total mass of the seedling substrate. The specific proportion of the culture medium is as follows: the mass of the fine peat wood chips accounts for 30% of the total mass of the culture medium, the mass of the peat coal accounts for 55% of the total mass of the culture medium, and the mass of the fermented sawdust accounts for 15% of the total mass of the culture medium.
The experimental process comprises the following steps: selecting culture mediums prepared in the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment with the same quality, respectively recording the culture medium prepared in the first embodiment as a first sample culture medium, recording the culture medium prepared in the second embodiment as a second sample culture medium, recording the culture medium prepared in the third embodiment as a third sample culture medium, selecting the existing peat soil matrix and the field planting soil matrix with the same quality as a control group, recording the existing peat soil matrix as a first control culture medium, recording the existing field planting soil matrix as a second control culture medium, placing the five culture mediums into cups for cultivating the blueberries, observing the germination state of the blueberries, and counting the germination survival index of the blueberries as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 germination index of the respective culture media for undershrubs
| 1000 disks of sample culture substrate one | 1000 disks of sample culture medium II | 1000 disks of sample culture medium III | 1000 plates of control culture Medium I | 1000 plates of control culture Medium II | |
| Index of germination survival | 98% | 98.5% | 97% | 85.5% | 72% |
As can be seen from the table 1, on the premise of the same quality, the germination index of the culture medium prepared by the embodiment of the invention for blueberries is far greater than that of the existing peat soil medium and field planting soil medium; the blueberry culture medium disclosed by the invention is comprehensive in nutrition, is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matters and humic acid, is durable in fertilizer, and can meet the nutrient requirement of long-term growth and development of plants; the composite material has good physical properties, good permeability and structure, proper water-gas proportion, decomposition resistance and good physical structure stability; in addition, the blueberry culture medium does not need fermentation, peat sawdust is completely decomposed and fermented for thousands of years in an anaerobic and humid environment, no plant diseases and insect pests are caused, roots are burnt without heat, the pH range is about 5.5, and the blueberry culture medium is neutral and can improve soil; the culture medium does not contain impurities and does not carry plant diseases and insect pests and germs; the blueberry cultivation medium has the advantages of light weight, strong water absorption and water holding capacity, low price and capability of effectively reducing cost, can effectively ensure that the obtained virus-free blueberry seedlings can grow and propagate quickly by using the combination of the seedling culture medium and the cultivation medium, and is less in raw material composition and complex in preparation process, suitable for large-scale application in actual blueberry cultivation occasions due to the fact that the seedling culture medium and the cultivation medium are both simple natural components, the defects of poor air permeability and non-uniform nutrients of the existing cultivation medium can be effectively overcome, the air permeability of the seedling culture medium and the cultivation medium is enhanced, and the nutrients are sufficiently and uniformly distributed, so that the purpose of quickly cultivating and propagating blueberry plants is achieved.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A blueberry culture medium is characterized by comprising a seedling culture medium used in a seedling culture stage and a culture medium used in a transplanting and cultivating stage; the specific proportion of the seedling substrate is that the mass of the fine peat sawdust accounts for 20-45% of the total mass of the seedling substrate, the mass of the peat accounts for 50-75% of the total mass of the seedling substrate, and the mass of the fermented sawdust accounts for 5-30% of the total mass of the seedling substrate; the specific proportion of the culture medium is that the mass of the fine peat sawdust accounts for 20-50% of the total mass of the culture medium, the mass of the peat accounts for 40-70% of the total mass of the culture medium, and the mass of the fermented sawdust accounts for 10-40% of the total mass of the culture medium.
2. The blueberry culture medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific proportion of the seedling medium is as follows: the mass of the fine peat sawdust accounts for 30% of the total mass of the seedling substrate, the mass of the peat accounts for 60% of the total mass of the seedling substrate, and the mass of the fermented sawdust accounts for 10% of the total mass of the seedling substrate.
3. The blueberry culture medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components in specific proportion: the mass of the fine peat wood chips accounts for 30% of the total mass of the culture medium, the mass of the peat coal accounts for 50% of the total mass of the culture medium, and the mass of the fermented sawdust accounts for 20% of the total mass of the culture medium.
4. The blueberry culture medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grain size of the seedling culture medium is not more than 10mm, and the grain size of the culture medium is not more than 30 mm.
5. The blueberry culture medium as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation of fine peat wood chips comprises:
s1, crushing peat wood by using a chipping crusher, and crushing the peat wood into peat wood blocks with the diameter less than 4 cm;
s2, adopting a horizontal crusher to crush the peat wood blocks into peat particles with the diameter less than 0.1 cm; adopting a horizontal crusher to crush the peat wood blocks into peat particles with the diameter less than 0.3 cm; (ii) a
S3, screening peat particles by adopting a drum screen with 10mm screen holes, and screening fine peat sawdust with the particle size of not more than 10mm from the peat particles to be used as a raw material of a seedling culture medium; and screening peat particles by adopting a drum screen with 30mm sieve pores, and screening fine peat wood chips with the particle size of not more than 30mm from the peat particles to be used as a raw material of the culture medium.
6. The blueberry culture medium as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation step of the fermented sawdust comprises the following steps:
s21, crushing the fall by a chipping crusher into fall blocks with the diameter less than 4 cm;
s22, adopting a horizontal grinder to grind the bark blocks into bark particles with the diameter less than 0.1cm, or adopting the horizontal grinder to grind the bark blocks into bark particles with the diameter less than 0.3 cm;
s23, screening the shirt particles by a drum screen with 10mm sieve pores, and screening the shirt particles to obtain shirt wood chips with the particle size of not more than 10mm for serving as a raw material of a seedling substrate; screening the shirt particles by adopting a drum screen with 30mm sieve pores, and screening out shirt sawdust with the particle size of not more than 30mm to be used as a raw material of the culture medium;
s24, placing the shirt wood chips obtained in the step S23 into an ammoniation container for ammoniation, adding ammoniation solution according to the amount of N which is 0.6-1.5 percent of the dry weight of the shirt wood chips, adjusting the water content of the mixed raw materials to 35-50 percent, uniformly mixing, and sealing the ammoniation container for ammoniation;
s25, 80-90 parts by weight of the shirt wood chips subjected to ammoniation treatment in the step S24 are taken, water is added to adjust the water content of the shirt wood chips to be not more than 40%, and the shirt wood chips are piled up and fermented to obtain fermented sawdust, wherein the fermentation time is as follows: the fermentation time is 6-8 days at the ambient temperature of 15-40 ℃; fermenting at 10-15 deg.C for 15-20 days.
7. A preparation method of a blueberry culture medium is characterized by being used for preparing the blueberry culture medium of claim 1; wherein, the preparation steps comprise:
s31, respectively preparing fine peat sawdust, peat and fermented sawdust with the particle size not greater than 10mm, and respectively preparing fine peat sawdust, peat and fermented sawdust with the particle size not greater than 30 mm;
s32, simultaneously adding fine peat wood chips with the particle size not larger than 10mm, peat and fermented sawdust into a stirrer, and mixing and stirring to obtain a seedling culture substrate for a seedling culture stage, wherein the fine peat wood chips account for 30% of the total mass of the seedling culture substrate, the peat accounts for 60% of the total mass of the seedling culture substrate, and the fermented sawdust accounts for 10% of the total mass of the seedling culture substrate;
s33, adding fine peat wood chips with the particle size not larger than 30mm, peat and fermented wood bran into a stirrer at the same time, mixing and stirring to obtain the culture medium for the transplanting culture stage, wherein the mass of the fine peat wood chips accounts for 30% of the total mass of the culture medium, the mass of the peat accounts for 50% of the total mass of the culture medium, and the mass of the fermented wood bran accounts for 20% of the total mass of the culture medium.
8. The preparation method of the blueberry culture medium as claimed in claim 7, wherein the EC value of the seedling medium in the blueberry culture medium is 0.1-0.7 mS/cm, the organic matter mass fraction is greater than 60%, the water content is not greater than 40%, the porosity is greater than 20%, and the PH value is 5-6.5.
9. The preparation method of the blueberry culture medium as claimed in claim 7, wherein the EC value of the culture medium in the blueberry culture medium is 0.1-0.7 mS/cm, the organic matter mass fraction is more than 60%, the water content is not more than 40%, the porosity is more than 20%, and the PH value is 5-6.5.
10. The application of the blueberry culture medium is characterized in that the blueberry culture medium in claim 1 is used for blueberry cultivation, and the application steps comprise:
a1, seedling culture: planting blueberry seedlings in a seedling culture medium, sealing the blueberry seedlings by using a preservative film, and culturing the blueberry seedlings for 21 days under the illumination environment conditions of the temperature of 21-28 ℃ and the illumination condition of 2000-3000 lux;
a2, hardening seedlings: under the environmental conditions of temperature of 20-25 ℃, illumination of 2000lux and relative humidity of 70-90%, cutting a cut into the preservative film, hardening off the seedlings for 1-2 days, then completely uncovering the preservative film, watering and continuing hardening off the seedlings for 1-2 days;
a3, transplanting: collecting blueberry seedlings in a plastic box container after hardening, clamping the rooted blueberry seedlings by using tweezers during transplanting, directly putting the blueberry seedlings into a plug tray of a culture medium, putting the plug tray into a seedbed with a sprinkling irrigation system, and spraying water irregularly for moisturizing;
a4, potting: and transplanting the seedlings with the culture medium into a pot when the young shoots of the plug seedlings grow 4-5 leaves, wherein the caliber of the plastic pot is 8-10cm, and transplanting the seedlings into a nursery for normal management.
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| CN101381257A (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2009-03-11 | 安徽蓝莓农业科技开发有限公司 | Ground mass special for blueberry cultivation and preparation method thereof |
| CN103609219A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-05 | 吉林师范大学 | Soil improvement method for planting blueberries |
| CN104719163A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-24 | 温州科技职业学院 | Method for increasing acclimatization planting percent of blueberry tissue culture test-tube seedlings |
| CN110169333A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-27 | 江门市城市绿苑科技有限公司 | A kind of cultivated crop organic substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN110291956A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-10-01 | 肇庆市恒发农业科技有限公司 | A kind of culture substrate based on peat sawdust |
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- 2020-03-10 CN CN202010162737.9A patent/CN111133982A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101381257A (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2009-03-11 | 安徽蓝莓农业科技开发有限公司 | Ground mass special for blueberry cultivation and preparation method thereof |
| CN103609219A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-03-05 | 吉林师范大学 | Soil improvement method for planting blueberries |
| CN104719163A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-24 | 温州科技职业学院 | Method for increasing acclimatization planting percent of blueberry tissue culture test-tube seedlings |
| CN110169333A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-27 | 江门市城市绿苑科技有限公司 | A kind of cultivated crop organic substrate and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200512 |