CN111088875B - 一种pvc瓦及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种pvc瓦及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111088875B
CN111088875B CN202010215568.0A CN202010215568A CN111088875B CN 111088875 B CN111088875 B CN 111088875B CN 202010215568 A CN202010215568 A CN 202010215568A CN 111088875 B CN111088875 B CN 111088875B
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pvc
parts
weather
tile
temperature
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CN111088875A (zh
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陈海恩
陆广铭
黄松梅
曾武本
邓国生
陈波
陈建军
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Guangdong Aoyuesi Technology Co ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/28Roofing elements comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C48/001Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
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    • B32B37/153Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state at least one layer is extruded and immediately laminated while in semi-molten state
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种PVC瓦及其制备方法,所述PVC瓦包括从上至下的耐候改性层和PVC层;所述PVC层包括如下成分:热稳定剂、硬脂酸、CPE、PE蜡、石蜡、PVC粉、钙粉、钛白粉、色料;所述制备方法包括:将热稳定剂、硬脂酸、CPE、PE蜡、石蜡、钛白粉和色料按顺序加入搅拌机中预混合;将预混物与PVC粉和钙粉放入热搅拌机中搅拌均匀;将热搅拌后的混合物通过水冷冷却;将冷却后的混合物通过挤出机挤出;将挤出物与耐候改性层复合;将复合材料进行压花、冷却;经模具压制、裁切成型,制得PVC瓦;所述耐候改性层薄可节约成本;结合PVC瓦合理的成分、配比及制备工艺使制得PVC瓦的耐候性、防水性能、抗负载能力、抗冲击能力优异。

Description

一种PVC瓦及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域,特别涉及一种PVC瓦及其制备方法。
背景技术
PVC瓦是以PVC为主要原料,在PVC表面覆盖上抗老化层(ASA /ABS/PMMA/ABS/PET等),现有的抗老化层多采用ASA,用以提高PVC瓦的耐候性和颜色持久性;PVC瓦具有颜色丰富,绿色环保,具有质轻、防水、坚韧、隔音、耐酸碱、防腐蚀、隔热保温、安装简便等优点,被广泛地应用于门式钢结构厂房、化工厂房、仓库、沿海建筑等领域,行业上更是遍布几乎所有工业行业以及养殖、装饰行业;特别适用于平改坡、别墅、园林楼阁等屋面领域中,古色古香的立体结构,为现代的仿古、西式、欧式建筑增加了新的创新元素,为高档屋面材料提供了一种更方便快捷的替代产品。
但是,现有的PVC瓦的ASA层较厚,而达到优良的耐候性和抗冲击性不需要这么厚的ASA层;而且现有的PVC瓦在重物的积压或者重物、尖锐物的冲击下,容易变形、产生裂纹或断裂的现象,降低PVC瓦的使用寿命。
可见,现有技术还有待改进和提高。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足之处,本发明的目的在于提供一种PVC瓦及其制备方法,旨在解决现有的PVC瓦中耐候改性层较厚、耐候性差,抗负载能力、抗冲击能力等综合力学性能差的技术问题。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采取了以下技术方案:
一种PVC瓦,包括从上至下的耐候改性层和PVC层;所述PVC层按重量份计算,包括如下组分:3~5份热稳定剂、0.4~0.8份硬脂酸、6~8份CPE、0.3~0.8份PE蜡、0.1~0.5份石蜡、90~100份PVC粉、45~55份钙粉、1.0~1.5份钛白粉、0.1~0.3份色料。
所述PVC瓦中,所述耐候改性层的厚度为0.10~0.15mm;所述 PVC瓦的厚度为2.0~3.0mm。
所述PVC瓦中,所述PVC粉的聚合度为1000~1150;所述钙粉的粒径为1500~1600目。
所述PVC瓦中,所述耐候改性层为ASA树脂拉膜制得;以聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶粒子为橡胶相核,苯乙烯、丙烯腈为壳层单体,采用乳液聚合法制得ASA核壳接枝共聚物。
所述PVC瓦中,所述聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶中丙烯酸丁酯橡胶相的含量为70%~90%;橡胶相粒子粒径为150~400nm。
所述PVC瓦中,所述聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶按重量份计算,包括如下组分:90~110份丙烯酸丁酯、0.3~1.5份乳化剂、0.5~1.0份引发剂、0.5~1.0份交联剂;所述ASA核壳接枝共聚物按重量份计算,包括如下组分:180~210份聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶、20~40份苯乙烯、5~20份丙烯腈、0.15~0.25份乳化剂、0.1~0.8份引发剂、0.05~0.3份分子量调节剂。
所述PVC瓦中,所述乳化剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚中的一种;所述引发剂为过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、过硫酸铵中的一种;所述交联剂为二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯;所述分子量调节剂为十二烷基硫醇。
一种PVC瓦的制备方法,包括所述的PVC瓦,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤S001.将热稳定剂、硬脂酸、CPE、PE蜡、石蜡、钛白粉和色料按顺序加入搅拌机中预混合;
步骤S002.将步骤S001中的预混物与PVC粉和钙粉放入热搅拌机中搅拌均匀;
步骤S003.将步骤S002中热搅拌后的混合物通过水冷冷却;
步骤S004.将步骤S003中冷却后的混合物通过挤出机挤出;
步骤S005.将步骤S004中的挤出物与耐候改性层复合;
步骤S006.将步骤S005中的复合材料压花、冷却;经模具压制、裁切成型,制得PVC瓦。
所述PVC瓦的制备方法中,所述步骤S002中热搅拌的温度为120~130℃,时间为5~10min;所述步骤S003中水冷冷却后混合物的温度为50~55℃。
所述PVC瓦的制备方法中,所述步骤S004中挤出机的塑化温度为:主机一区145~155℃,主机二区190~200℃,主机三区175~185℃,主机四区165~175℃,主机五区165~175℃;机筒温度为:180~210℃,挤出机螺杆转速为8~12r/min;所述步骤S005中挤出物的出模温度为210~225℃。
有益效果:
本发明提供了一种PVC瓦及其制备方法,使制得的PVC瓦表面致密光滑,不易吸附灰尘;耐候性、防水性能、抗负载能力、抗冲击能力优异;所述PVC瓦的结构简单,PVC层的组分及配比合适,相容性好,物理化学性能稳定,而且不含有石棉及放射性元素,裁切下来的边角料可以回收利用,符合绿色环保的要求;可按需添加不同的色料,成品颜色鲜艳、光泽度高,满足不同消费者的要求;所述耐候改性层较薄,但兼具了优异的耐候性、韧性和抗冲击性;所述制备方法通过先将小料预混合,再与PVC粉和钙粉热搅拌,提高了各组分的分散均匀性,再结合制备工艺的控制,避免PVC的热分解和变色,保证PVC瓦的强度、韧性以及色泽,进而使PVC瓦的抗冲击能力、抗负载能力更佳;制备方法工艺简单,可控性强,容易操作。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种PVC瓦及其制备方法,为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确,以下列举实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供一种PVC瓦,包括从上至下的耐候改性层和PVC层;所述PVC层按重量份计算,包括如下组分:3~5份热稳定剂、0.4~0.8份硬脂酸、6~8份CPE、0.3~0.8份PE蜡、0.1~0.5份石蜡、90~100份PVC粉、45~55份钙粉、1.0~1.5份钛白粉、0.1~0.3份色料。添加热稳定剂使各组分得到充分混合,可大幅度地改善与树脂混合分散的均匀性等问题;添加硬脂酸,起到润滑的作用,并且进一步地提高体系的光、热稳定性,防止在制备过程中PVC发生焦化和变色,影响成品的性能和质量;添加CPE,有利于增大界面面积,降低表面张力,有利于应力的快速扩散和传导,可提高PVC瓦的抗冲击强度,提高体系的热分解温度,提高体系中各高分子材料的相容性,使成品的耐油性、阻燃性、韧性和着色效果等物理性能得到提高;添加PE蜡,提高体系的润滑性,提高成品的耐低温性能和化学性能;添加微量的石蜡,进一步提高了体系中的柔韧性、润滑效果以及脱模效果,避免熔融物黏连在设备上;添加微量的钛白粉,用以改善体系的白度、光泽度、粘稠度以及光稳定性;所述钛白粉优选为金红石型二氧化钛,其光折射率高,用以屏蔽紫外线,进而提高PVC瓦的光稳定性;所述钙粉用以提供成品的机械性能,如硬度、热变形温度、尺寸稳定性,降低收缩率,同时增加电绝缘性和耐燃性;通过上述合理的组分及配比,使体系中各组分分散均匀、相容性好、物理、化学性能稳定,制得的PVC瓦具有强度高、韧性好、耐候性能优、颜色鲜艳等优点。
进一步的,所述耐候改性层的厚度为0.10~0.15mm;所述耐候改性层的厚度较现有的抗老化膜薄,但其与PVC层复合后,制得的PVC瓦的耐候性、韧性、抗冲击强度、抗负载能力等综合性能仍然达到优异,所述厚度范围内的耐候改性层可降低生产成本。
进一步的,所述PVC瓦的厚度为2.0~3.0mm;所述厚度范围内的PVC瓦的耐候性、抗冲击性、抗负载能力最佳;可避免PVC瓦过薄,削弱其力学性能;或过厚,增加PVC瓦的重量,增加安装难度,增加屋顶的负载;增加生产成本,降低经济效益。
具体地,所述PVC粉的聚合度为1000~1150;上述聚合度范围内的PVC粉缠结点多,在外力作用下会在两相界面诱发更多的银纹,提高抗冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度。所述钙粉的粒径为1500~1600目,此范围内的钙粉细腻,在保证产品强度的同时可降低钙粉微粒之间的空隙,增加密着性,减少开裂。
具体地,所述耐候改性层为ASA树脂拉膜制得;以聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶粒子为橡胶相核,苯乙烯、丙烯腈为壳层单体,采用乳液聚合法制得ASA核壳接枝共聚物。采用乳液接枝聚合法制备ASA,使橡胶相含量高,橡胶相的粒径可控性高,接枝率高;有利于控制反应速度和粒径的分布。
具体地,所述聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶中丙烯酸丁酯橡胶相的含量为70%~90%,橡胶相在ASA中起应力集中作用,所述含量范围内的橡胶相能显著提高ASA的抗冲击强度;橡胶相粒子粒径为150~400nm;上述范围内的乳胶粒径小,使其比表面积大,有利于提高接枝率;进一步的,所述ASA树脂的接枝率为28%~34%。
进一步的,所述聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶按重量份计算,包括如下组分:90~110份丙烯酸丁酯、0.3~1.5份乳化剂(十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚中的一种)、0.5~1.0份引发剂(过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、过硫酸铵中的一种)、0.5~1.0份交联剂(二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯);所述ASA核壳接枝共聚物按重量份计算,包括如下组分:180~210份聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶、20~40份苯乙烯、5~20份丙烯腈、0.15~0.25份乳化剂(十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚中的一种)、0.1~0.8份引发剂(过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、过硫酸铵中的一种)、0.05~0.3份分子量调节剂(十二烷基硫醇)。
添加交联剂,增加分子链交联密度,使链自由基平移和重排变得困难,降低链自由基活性,终止速率减小,有更多的初级自由基和低级物自由基进入胶束形成新的乳胶粒,使种子乳胶粒径减小,粒子数目增多,进而提高核壳聚合速率以及接枝率。乳化剂为表面活性剂,可以形成胶束,所述范围内的乳化剂形成的胶束多,增加成核几率,产生更多的乳胶粒,提高聚合反应速率。同样的,引发剂对乳胶粒子的粒径也有影响,上述范围内的引发剂在水中自由基浓度合适,有利于初始粒子的形成,加快聚合反应速率,降低聚合度,进而影响乳胶粒子的粒径。乳化剂与引发剂影响着ASA的粒径以及接枝率,当核壳比、乳胶粒径固定时,上述范围内的乳化剂使接枝壳层单体易于吸附在种子胶束上,减少新胶束的形成,进而提高接枝率;引发剂有利于使壳层单体进入乳胶粒子进行接枝,引发单体的聚合反应,同时可增加接枝位点,提高接枝率。分子量调节剂可以生成新的自由基,十二烷基硫醇与大分子自由基活性相近,有利于聚合反应的继续引发。丙烯酸丁酯橡胶相具有增韧和耐老化性,与体系其他组分相容性高,可提高ASA树脂的表面硬度和光泽度;苯乙烯赋予其光泽与加工性,丙烯腈赋予其耐腐蚀性;所述组分及配比下制得的ASA核大,接枝率高,化学性能稳定,韧性好,具有优良的抗冲击性能以及耐候性。
一种PVC瓦的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将热稳定剂、硬脂酸、CPE、PE蜡、石蜡、钛白粉和色料按顺序加入搅拌机中预混合;将预混物与PVC粉和钙粉放入热搅拌机中搅拌均匀;将热搅拌后的混合物通过水冷冷却;将冷却后的混合物通过挤出机挤出;将挤出物与耐候改性层复合;将复合材料进行压花、冷却;经模具压制、裁切成型,制得PVC瓦。先将添加量少的物料进行预混合,可避免出现将其直接与添加量大的PVC粉和钙粉混合,造成混合不均匀的现象,有利于增加体系中组分的分散均匀性,使成品的强度均一;再通过搅拌机搅拌,使混合物之间摩擦、碾压升温,进一步提高各组分的分散度;冷却后的混合物经过挤出机碾压、熔融;经过复合、压花、模具压制、裁切成型,得到强度高、均一的PVC瓦,所述PVC瓦的韧性高、抗负载能力好、抗冲击性能好。
进一步的,所述热搅拌的温度为120~130℃,时间为5~10min;上述热搅拌温度和时间有利于混合物的均匀分散,提高各组分之间的相容性;控制搅拌温度和时间在上述范围内,在保证混合均匀的前提下,可避免温度过高,PVC热分解;温度过低,混合均匀度低;上述工艺条件可保证PVC瓦的强度和硬度。
进一步的,所述水冷冷却后混合物的温度为50~55℃;采用水冷冷却加快冷却的速度,避免混合物温度过高粘附在挤出机的内壁上,增加最大扭矩以及堵塞的风险。
进一步的,所述挤出机的塑化温度为:主机一区145~155℃,主机二区190~200℃,主机三区175~185℃,主机四区165~175℃,主机五区165~175℃;机筒温度为:180~210℃,挤出机螺杆转速为8~12r/min;严格控制PVC的塑化温度为145~200℃,可避免塑化温度太低PVC熔解不充分,影响体系中各组分的分散度,进而影响成品的性能;温度太高,PVC容易发生热分解和变色,影响产品的发色。具体地,所述挤出机为双螺杆挤出机,起到将混合物推向前进的作用,并且两根螺杆对混合物有剪切作用,有利于混合物的熔化。
进一步的,所述挤出物的出模温度为210~225℃;挤出物和耐候改性层存在温度差,上述温度下的挤出物与耐候改性层复合,能降低耐候改性材料的变形率以及收缩率,避免对PVC瓦造成影响。
进一步的,所述压花深度为0.3~0.5mm;对复合材料进行压花有利于中间层的形成,可进一步提高耐候改性层与PVC层的结合度,进而提高产品的强度;所述压花深度的范围最为合适,可避免压花深度过深,使压纹过深,增加PVC瓦开裂的几率,降低其抗负载能力、抗冲击能力以及使用寿命。
实施例1
一种PVC瓦,包括从上至下的耐候改性层和PVC层;所述PVC层按重量份计算,包括如下组分:5份热稳定剂、0.45份硬脂酸、7.2份CPE、0.7份PE蜡、0.5份石蜡、100份PVC粉、48份钙粉、1.0份钛白粉、0.3份红色料。所述耐候改性层的厚度为0.15mm;PVC瓦的厚度为2.2mm。所述PVC粉的聚合度为1100;所述钙粉的粒径为1500~1600目。
所述耐候改性层为ASA树脂拉膜制得;以聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶粒子为橡胶相核,苯乙烯、丙烯腈为壳层单体,采用乳液聚合法制得ASA核壳接枝共聚物。所述聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶中丙烯酸丁酯橡胶相的含量为70%;橡胶相粒子粒径为150~200nm。
所述聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶按重量份计算,包括如下组分:95份丙烯酸丁酯、0.3份乳化剂(十二烷基硫酸钠)、0.8份引发剂(过硫酸铵)、0.5份交联剂(二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯);所述ASA核壳接枝共聚物按重量份计算,包括如下组分:210份聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶、35份苯乙烯、10份丙烯腈、0.15份乳化剂(烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚)、0.6份引发剂(过硫酸铵)、0.2份分子量调节剂(十二烷基硫醇)。
一种PVC瓦的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将热稳定剂、硬脂酸、CPE、PE蜡、石蜡、钛白粉和色料按顺序加入搅拌机中预混合;将预混物与PVC粉和钙粉放入温度为125℃的热搅拌机中搅拌,搅拌时间为5min;将热搅拌后的混合物通过水冷冷却,冷却至55℃;将冷却后的混合物通过挤出机挤出;将挤出物与耐候改性层复合,将复合材料进行压花,压花深度为0.3mm;复合材料冷却后经模具压制、裁切成型,制得PVC瓦。
所述挤出机的塑化温度为:主机一区145℃,主机二区195℃,主机三区185℃,主机四区165℃,主机五区165℃;机筒温度为:190℃,挤出机螺杆转速为12r/min;挤出物的出模温度为210℃。
实施例2
一种PVC瓦,包括从上至下的耐候改性层和PVC层;所述PVC层按重量份计算,包括如下组分:3.8份热稳定剂、0.8份硬脂酸、6.8份CPE、0.3份PE蜡、0.2份石蜡、95份PVC粉、55份钙粉、1.3份钛白粉、0.2份绿色料。所述耐候改性层的厚度为0.12mm;PVC瓦的厚度为3.0mm。所述PVC粉的聚合度为1150;所述钙粉的粒径为1500~1600目。
所述耐候改性层为ASA树脂拉膜制得;以聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶粒子为橡胶相核,苯乙烯、丙烯腈为壳层单体,采用乳液聚合法制得ASA核壳接枝共聚物。所述聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶中丙烯酸丁酯橡胶相的含量为77%;橡胶相粒子粒径为330~400nm。
所述聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶按重量份计算,包括如下组分:100份丙烯酸丁酯、1.5份乳化剂(十二烷基硫酸钠)、0.5份引发剂(过硫酸钠)、0.9份交联剂(二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯);所述ASA核壳接枝共聚物按重量份计算,包括如下组分:180份聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶、40份苯乙烯、5份丙烯腈、0.20份乳化剂(十二烷基硫酸钠)、0.8份引发剂(过硫酸钾)、0.1份分子量调节剂(十二烷基硫醇)。
一种PVC瓦的制备方法与实施例1相似,区别在于:热搅拌的温度为120℃,时间为10min;水冷冷却后混合物的温度为50℃;挤出机的塑化温度为:主机一区150℃,主机二区200℃,主机三区180℃,主机四区165℃,主机五区165℃;机筒温度为:210℃,挤出机螺杆转速为10r/min;挤出物的出模温度为220℃;压花深度为0.4mm。
实施例3
一种PVC瓦,包括从上至下的耐候改性层和PVC层;所述PVC层按重量份计算,包括如下组分:4.3份热稳定剂、0.4份硬脂酸、7份CPE、0.4份PE蜡、0.3份石蜡、100份PVC粉、45份钙粉、1.5份钛白粉、0.1份蓝色料。所述耐候改性层的厚度为0.10mm;PVC瓦的厚度为2.0mm。所述PVC粉的聚合度为1000;所述钙粉的粒径为1500~1600目。
所述耐候改性层为ASA树脂拉膜制得;以聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶粒子为橡胶相核,苯乙烯、丙烯腈为壳层单体,采用乳液聚合法制得ASA核壳接枝共聚物。所述聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶中丙烯酸丁酯橡胶相的含量为90%;橡胶相粒子粒径为250~330nm。
所述聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶按重量份计算,包括如下组分:90份丙烯酸丁酯、0.7份乳化剂(烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚)、1.0份引发剂(过硫酸钾)、0.6份交联剂(二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯);所述ASA核壳接枝共聚物按重量份计算,包括如下组分:190份聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶、20份苯乙烯、15份丙烯腈、0.25份乳化剂(烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚)、0.1份引发剂(过硫酸钾)、0.3份分子量调节剂(十二烷基硫醇)。
一种PVC瓦的制备方法与实施例1相似,区别在于:热搅拌的温度为130℃,时间为8min;水冷冷却后混合物的温度为53℃;挤出机的塑化温度为:主机一区155℃,主机二区190℃,主机三区175℃,主机四区175℃,主机五区170℃;机筒温度为:180℃,挤出机螺杆转速为11r/min;挤出物的出模温度为225℃;压花深度为0.5mm。
实施例4
一种PVC瓦,包括从上至下的耐候改性层和PVC层;所述PVC层按重量份计算,包括如下组分:3份热稳定剂、0.55份硬脂酸、6份CPE、0.5份PE蜡、0.1份石蜡、90份PVC粉、50份钙粉、1.2份钛白粉、0.25份灰色料。所述耐候改性层的厚度为0.14mm; PVC瓦的厚度为2.5mm。所述PVC粉的聚合度为1050;所述钙粉的粒径为1500~1600目。
所述耐候改性层为ASA树脂拉膜制得;以聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶粒子为橡胶相核,苯乙烯、丙烯腈为壳层单体,采用乳液聚合法制得ASA核壳接枝共聚物。所述聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶中丙烯酸丁酯橡胶相的含量为84%;橡胶相粒子粒径为200~250nm。
所述聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶按重量份计算,包括如下组分:110份丙烯酸丁酯、1.0份乳化剂(烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚)、0.7份引发剂(过硫酸钠)、1.0份交联剂(二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯);所述ASA核壳接枝共聚物按重量份计算,包括如下组分:200份聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶、30份苯乙烯、20份丙烯腈、0.20份乳化剂(十二烷基硫酸钠)、0.3份引发剂(过硫酸铵)、0.05份分子量调节剂(十二烷基硫醇)。
所述PVC瓦的制备方法与实施例1相似,区别在于:热搅拌的温度为125℃,时间为8min;水冷冷却后混合物的温度为50℃;挤出机的塑化温度为:主机一区150℃,主机二区195℃,主机三区175℃,主机四区170℃,主机五区170℃;机筒温度为:200℃,挤出机螺杆转速为8r/min;挤出物的出模温度为215℃;压花深度为0.3mm。
下表为实施例1~4的测试结果
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
根据标准JG/T346-2011检测PVC瓦表面层厚度指标为≥0.15mm,实施例2~4的表面层厚度为0.10~0.14mm,均低于标准≥0.15mm的指标,从上述检测结果分析可知,在表面层(即本发明所述的耐候改性层)厚度低于标准的情况下,其他各项指标均符合检测标准,即说明本发明制得的PVC瓦在耐候改性层较薄的情况下,仍然具有优异的物理化学性能,其耐候性、抗负载能力、抗冲击能力等综合性能优异。
进一步的,实施例1~4按照GB8624-2012“建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级”进行判定,其燃烧性能符合平板建筑材料及制品B1(C-s3,d0)级要求。
可以理解的是,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,而所有这些改变或替换都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种PVC瓦,其特征在于,包括从上至下的耐候改性层和PVC层;所述PVC层按重量份计算,包括如下组分:3~5份热稳定剂、0.4~0.8份硬脂酸、6~8份CPE、0.3~0.8份PE蜡、0.1~0.5份石蜡、90~100份PVC粉、45~55份钙粉、1.0~1.5份钛白粉、0.1~0.3份色料;所述耐候改性层的厚度为0.10~0.15mm;所述 PVC瓦的厚度为2.0~3.0mm;所述PVC粉的聚合度为1000~1150;
其中,所述耐候改性层为ASA树脂拉膜制得;以聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶粒子为橡胶相核,苯乙烯、丙烯腈为壳层单体,采用乳液聚合法制得ASA核壳接枝共聚物;所述聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶按重量份计算,包括如下组分:90~110份丙烯酸丁酯、0.3~1.5份乳化剂、0.5~1.0份引发剂、0.5~1.0份交联剂;所述ASA核壳接枝共聚物按重量份计算,包括如下组分:180~210份聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶、20~40份苯乙烯、5~20份丙烯腈、0.15~0.25份乳化剂、0.1~0.8份引发剂、0.05~0.3份分子量调节剂;所述乳化剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚中的一种;所述引发剂为过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、过硫酸铵中的一种;所述交联剂为二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯;所述分子量调节剂为十二烷基硫醇;所述ASA树脂的接枝率为28%~34%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的PVC瓦,其特征在于,所述钙粉的粒径为1500~1600目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的PVC瓦,其特征在于,所述聚丙烯酸丁酯乳胶中丙烯酸丁酯橡胶相的含量为70%~90%;橡胶相粒子粒径为150~400nm。
4.一种PVC瓦的制备方法,其特征在于,包括权利要求1~3任一项所述的PVC瓦,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤S001.将热稳定剂、硬脂酸、CPE、PE蜡、石蜡、钛白粉和色料按顺序加入搅拌机中预混合;
步骤S002.将步骤S001中的预混物与PVC粉和钙粉放入热搅拌机中搅拌均匀;
步骤S003.将步骤S002中热搅拌后的混合物通过水冷冷却;
步骤S004.将步骤S003中冷却后的混合物通过挤出机挤出;
步骤S005.将步骤S004中的挤出物与耐候改性层复合;
步骤S006.将步骤S005中的复合材料压花、冷却;经模具压制、裁切成型,制得PVC瓦。
5.根据权利要求4所述的PVC瓦的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S002中热搅拌的温度为120~130℃,时间为5~10min;所述步骤S003中水冷冷却后混合物的温度为50~55℃。
6.根据权利要求4所述的PVC瓦的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S004中挤出机的塑化温度为:主机一区145~155℃,主机二区190~200℃,主机三区175~185℃,主机四区165~175℃,主机五区165~175℃;机筒温度为:180~210℃,挤出机螺杆转速为8~12r/min;所述步骤S005中挤出物的出模温度为210~225℃。
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