CN111034966A - 一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111034966A
CN111034966A CN201911357030.7A CN201911357030A CN111034966A CN 111034966 A CN111034966 A CN 111034966A CN 201911357030 A CN201911357030 A CN 201911357030A CN 111034966 A CN111034966 A CN 111034966A
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red ginseng
enzymolysis
ginseng
parts
precipitate
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张铁华
董舒月
具珍萍
邹昊洋
颜蜜
毛硕
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Jilin University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻的制备方法,将红参高压蒸制、打浆、过胶体磨后超声波辅助分步酶解,离心后二次超声波辅助分步酶解红参沉淀,合并两次灭酶后酶解液;将粉碎、浸泡后的茯苓、甘草、栀子、山楂、山药、黄精、广藿香、炒酸枣仁和菊花、蒲公英、枸杞子、乌梅进行二次煎煮,合并两次煎煮的上清液;将酶解液与上清液合并、混匀,加入柠檬酸、塔格糖、木糖醇、蔗糖、果胶进行调味处理,并完成制冻过程,即得产品。本发明所得产品入口即化,口感酸甜,具有保肝功能。使用超声波辅助分步酶解高压蒸制的红参,小分子活性物质得率较传统方法可提高5%~10%,酶解时间也大幅缩短。

Description

一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,涉及一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻的制备方法。
背景技术
人参是东亚地区应用最广泛的中药材之一,具有悠久的药用历史。人参中的活性物质对肝脏、心脏等相关疾病有极为有益的影响。众多的生理作用,使人参被广泛应用于药材或功能食品;药物、酒精、自身免疫反应和毒物等会导致细胞外基质蛋白的过度产生和逐渐积累,从而导致慢性肝损伤。这些情况持续下去,会发展为肝硬化,肝性脑病和肝细胞癌,严重危及人的生命安全。
生物酶解技术可以利用生物酶的降解作用,将大分子活性物质转化为较易被人体吸收的小分子物质。合理利用超声波振动的方法,可以使溶剂快速地进入固体物质中,使分离提取率或酶解率更高,同时可以缩短提取或酶解的时间,节约成本,一定程度上提高产品的产量和质量。
中国专利公报公开的:1、CN106822366A 公开了一种保肝健肾的中药组合物及其制备方法,由桑椹子、赤首乌、白何首乌、黑豆、茯苓、牛夕、当归、枸杞子、菟丝子、肉苁蓉、杜仲、秦艽、红花、旋复花共14味中药材经过酒蒸、干燥等工艺加工制成丸剂、胶囊剂、片剂、散剂、颗粒剂或口服液;有大补肝肾、滋肾虚、补肝血、安魂定神等功效,用于治疗肝肾虚弱所引起的脱发白发、腰腿疼痛、须发早白、食欲不佳等症状。2、CN107184751A公开了一种护肝保肝的中药,以当归、人参、大黄、茵陈篙、沙棘籽油、猪苓、西河柳、白黎芦醇、赤芍、商陆、泽泻、苍术、黄萃、五味子、甘草甜素、决明子、菊花、勾屯经过煎煮、过滤制成汤剂;有保肝、护肝、清肝明目、活血化癖功效,用于治疗急性黄疽型肝炎、急性肝炎、慢性肝炎、肝硬化、慢性肝硬化腹水、肝癌等肝病。3、CN110279744A公开了一种保肝护肝复方中药制剂及其制备方法,由风柜斗草、绞股蓝、葛花、仙草、甘草经混合、粉碎、煎煮、过滤、浓缩制成的汤剂;用于降低血清中AST和ALT酶活力,增强机体抗氧化能力,增加肝组织中SOD酶活力,改善酒精性肝损伤。以上产品及市面所售产品均采用传统制中药剂的方法制得产品,未对原料进行精、深加工,产品得率不高,且以上多属于药剂,有些药性较烈,不适合体虚者食用,大大限制了销售范围,市场前景并不十分乐观。
此发明对原料红参进行深加工,高压蒸制后两次分步酶解,且在酶解过程中间歇使用超声波辅助,即使小分子活性物质得率较传统酶解方法提高5%~10%,又使酶解时间至少缩短25%,在提高酶解效率的同时,产品的质量也有所提升。所制得的产品为可吸冻状,形式新颖,颜色为金黄色,口感酸甜,感官价值高,产品入口即化,有温和地保肝作用,适合大众食用(孕妇除外),销路广阔,具有开阔的市场前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻的制备方法,此款产品入口即化,口感酸甜,不失中草药的混合清香,具有保肝功能。
本发明所述的一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制20 ~ 40 min使其软化,加入其质量10倍的冷水,打浆处理,并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液;调节红参液pH为5 ~ 6,加入1% ~ 2%的α-淀粉酶,升温至95 ℃酶解2 ~ 3 h;调节其温度为40 ~ 60 ℃、pH为4 ~ 5,加入2% ~ 4%的复合酶,酶解2 ~ 3 h。灭酶、冷却后离心处理,将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离;
(2) 在步骤(1)的分步酶解过程中,间歇使用超声波辅助,超声波功率为400 ~ 600 W,超声波时间为2 ~ 3 h,间歇时间为10 min;
(3) 向步骤(1)的红参沉淀中加入其质量6倍的冷水并搅拌均匀,调节红参液pH为5 ~6,加入1% ~ 2%的α-淀粉酶,升温至95 ℃酶解1 ~ 1.5 h;调节其温度为40 ~ 60 ℃、pH为4~ 5,加入2% ~ 4%的复合酶,酶解1 ~ 1.5 h。灭酶、冷却后离心处理,将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离;
(4) 在步骤(3)的分步酶解过程中,间歇使用超声波辅助,超声波功率为400 ~ 600 W,超声波时间为1 ~ 1.5 h,间歇时间为10 min;
(5) 合并步骤(1)、步骤(3)所得红参酶解液;
(6) 将已经干燥的茯苓、甘草、栀子、山楂、山药、黄精、广藿香、炒酸枣仁按比例称量后粉碎至40 ~ 60目。将其置于其质量10倍的冷水中浸泡30 ~ 40 min,升温至100 ℃煎煮60min。冷却后离心处理,将上清液与沉淀分离;
(7) 向步骤(4)的沉淀中加入其质量6倍的冷水并搅拌均匀,沸水煎煮30 min,加入按比例称量好的菊花、蒲公英、枸杞子、乌梅,沸水煎煮30 min。冷却后离心处理,将上清液与沉淀分离;
(8) 合并步骤(6)、步骤(7)所得上清液;
(9) 将步骤(5)所得红参酶解液与步骤(8)所得上清液按1:1混合,浓缩至适量,加入混合均匀的柠檬酸、塔格糖、木糖醇、蔗糖、果胶,缓慢升温至80 ~ 90 ℃,保温30 min,灌装后常温放置,得到一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻;
所述的步骤(1)、步骤(3)中所述的复合酶是β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶按1:1:1复配所得。
所述的步骤(1)、步骤(3)、步骤(6)、步骤(7)中离心转速为3000 ~ 8000 r/min,离心时间为15~30 min。
所述的步骤(6)中原料组分,按重量份数计包括:茯苓10 ~ 15份、甘草2 ~ 10份、栀子6~ 9份、山楂9 ~ 12份、山药15 ~ 30份、黄精9 ~ 15份、广藿香3 ~ 10份、炒酸枣仁10 ~ 15份。
所述的步骤(7)中原料组分,按重量份数计包括:菊花5 ~ 10份、蒲公英10 ~ 15份、枸杞子6 ~ 12份、乌梅6 ~ 12份。
所述的步骤(9)中柠檬酸添加量为0.1% ~ 0.4%,塔格糖添加量为0.5% ~ 3%,木糖醇添加量为3% ~ 6%,蔗糖添加量为8% ~ 12%,果胶添加量为0.4% ~ 0.8%。
所述的步骤(9)中缓慢升温至80 ~ 90 ℃过程、保温过程需不断搅拌。
为便于更好地理解本发明,下面对本发明中的原料作出进一步说明。
茯苓:性甘、淡,平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。利水渗湿,健脾,宁心。用于脾虚食少,便溏泄泻,心神不安,惊悸失眠。
甘草:性甘,平。归心、肺、脾、胃经。补脾益气,清热解毒,缓急止痛,调和诸药。用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,四肢挛急疼痛。
栀子:性苦,寒。归心、肺、三焦经。泻火除烦,清热利湿,凉血解毒。用于热病心烦,湿热黄疸,淋证涩痛,目赤肿痛,火毒疮疡。
山楂:性酸、甘,微温。归脾、胃、肝经。消食健胃,行气散瘀,化浊降脂。用于肉食积滞,心腹刺痛,胸痹心痛,疝气疼痛。
山药:性甘,平。归脾、肺、肾经。补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精。用于脾虚食少,久泻不止,肺虚咳喘,肾虚遗精,带下,尿频,虚热消渴。
黄精:性甘,平。归脾、肺,肾经。补气养阴,健脾,润肺,益肾。用于脾胃气虚,胃阴不足,口干食少,精血不足,须发早白,内热消渴。
广藿香:性辛,微温。归脾、胃、肺经。芳香化浊,和中止呕,发表解暑。用于湿浊中阻,湿温初起,发热倦怠,胸闷不舒,腹痛吐泻。
酸枣仁:性甘、酸,平。归肝、胆、心经。养心补肝,宁心安神,敛汗,生津。用于虚烦不眠,惊悸多梦,体虚多汗,津伤口渴。
菊花:性甘、苦,微寒。归肺、肝经。散风清热,平肝明目,清热解毒。用于目赤肿痛,眼目昏花,疮痈肿毒。
蒲公英:性苦、甘,寒。归肝、胃经。清热解毒,消肿散结,利尿通淋。用于目赤,咽痛,肺痈,肠痈,湿热黄疸,热淋涩痛。
枸杞子:性甘,平。归肝,肾经。滋补肝肾,益精明目。用于虚劳精亏,腰膝酸痛,眩晕耳鸣,内热消渴,目昏不明。
乌梅:性酸、涩、平。归肝、脾、肺、大肠经。敛肺,涩肠,生津,安蛔。用于肺虚久咳,久泻久痢,虚热消渴,蛔厥呕吐腹痛。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明产品是《中华人民共和国药典》中传统药方的改良,所得产品入口即化,口感酸甜,不失中草药的混合清香,具有温和的保肝功能。制备过程中对红参采用高压蒸制后打浆、过胶体磨,便于制备超细红参液。使用超声波辅助分步酶解高压蒸制的红参,使小分子活性物质得率较传统酶解方法提高5%~10%,又使酶解时间至少缩短25%,节约了生产成本。产品在提高酶解效率的同时,质量也有所提升。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
(1) 将40 g红参红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制25 min使其软化,加入400 mL的冷水打浆处理,并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液。调节其pH为5,加6 g的α-淀粉酶,升温至95 ℃酶解3 h;调节其温度为50 ℃、pH为4 ,加入4 g的β-葡萄糖苷酶、4 g的纤维素酶和4 g的蛋白酶,酶解3 h。灭酶、冷却后8000 r/min离心15 min,将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离。酶解过程中间歇使用超声波辅助,超声波功率为500 W,超声波时间为3 h,间歇时间为10 min;
(2) 向步骤(1)的红参沉淀中加入240 mL的冷水并搅拌均匀,调节红参液pH为5,加入2.4 g的α-淀粉酶,升温至95 ℃酶解1.5 h;调节其温度为50 ℃、pH为4,加入2.4 g的β-葡萄糖苷酶、2.4 g的纤维素酶和2.4 g的蛋白酶,酶解1.5 h。灭酶、冷却后8000 r/min离心15min,将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离。酶解过程中间歇使用超声波辅助,超声波功率为400W,超声波时间为1 h,间歇时间为10 min;
(3) 合并步骤(1)、步骤(2)所得红参酶解液;
(4) 将已经干燥的茯苓10 g、甘草2 g、栀子6 g、山楂9 g、山药15 g、黄精9 g、广藿香3g、炒酸枣仁10 g按比例称量后粉碎至40目。将其置于640 mL的冷水中浸泡30 min,升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min。冷却后5000 r/min离心30 min,将上清液与沉淀分离;
(5) 向步骤(4)的沉淀中加入384 mL的冷水并搅拌均匀,沸水煎煮30 min,加入按比例称量好的菊花5 g、蒲公英10 g、枸杞子6 g、乌梅6 g,沸水煎煮30 min。冷却后5000 r/min离心30 min,将上清液与沉淀分离;
(6) 合并步骤(4)、步骤(5)所得上清液;
(7) 将步骤(3)所得红参酶解液与步骤(6)所得上清液各100 mL,浓缩至适量,加入混合均匀的柠檬酸0.5 g、塔格糖2.3 g、木糖醇4.5 g、蔗糖20 g、果胶1.2 g,缓慢升温至80℃,保温30 min,灌装后常温放置,得到一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻。
实施例2
(1)将60 g红参红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制40 min使其软化,加入600 mL的冷水打浆处理,并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液。调节其pH为5.5,加7 g的α-淀粉酶,升温至95 ℃酶解2.5 h;调节其温度为50 ℃、pH为4.5,加入4 g的β-葡萄糖苷酶、4 g的纤维素酶和4 g的蛋白酶,酶解2.5 h。灭酶、冷却后4000 r/min离心30 min,将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离。酶解过程中间歇使用超声波辅助,超声波功率为500 W,超声波时间为2 h,间歇时间为10min;
(2)向步骤(1)的红参沉淀中加入360 mL的冷水并搅拌均匀,调节红参液pH为6,加入4.2 g的α-淀粉酶,升温至95 ℃酶解1 h;调节其温度为50 ℃、pH为5,加入2.4 g的β-葡萄糖苷酶、2.4 g的纤维素酶和2.4 g的蛋白酶,酶解1 h。灭酶、冷却后4000 r/min离心30min,将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离。酶解过程中间歇使用超声波辅助,超声波功率为500W,超声波时间为1 h,间歇时间为10 min;
(3) 合并步骤(1)、步骤(2)所得红参酶解液;
(4) 将已经干燥的茯苓12 g、甘草5 g、栀子8 g、山楂10 g、山药20 g、黄精12 g、广藿香5 g、炒酸枣仁12 g按比例称量后粉碎至60目。将其置于840 mL的冷水中浸泡30 min,升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min。冷却后6000 r/min离心25 min,将上清液与沉淀分离;
(5) 向步骤(4)的沉淀中加入504 mL的冷水并搅拌均匀,沸水煎煮30 min,加入按比例称量好的菊花6 g、蒲公英12 g、枸杞子8 g、乌梅8 g,沸水煎煮30 min。冷却后6000 r/min离心25 min,将上清液与沉淀分离;
(6) 合并步骤(4)、步骤(5)所得上清液;
(7) 将步骤(3)所得红参酶解液与步骤(6)所得上清液各100 mL,浓缩至适量,加入混合均匀的柠檬酸0.7 g、塔格糖2 g、木糖醇4 g、蔗糖20 g、果胶1.2 g,缓慢升温至90 ℃,保温30 min,灌装后常温放置,得到一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻。
实施例3
(1)将60 g红参红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制35 min使其软化,加入600 mL的冷水打浆处理,并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液。调节其pH为5.5,加8 g的α-淀粉酶,升温至95 ℃酶解2 h;调节其温度为55 ℃、pH为4,加入5 g的β-葡萄糖苷酶、5 g的纤维素酶和5 g的蛋白酶,酶解2 h。灭酶、冷却后4000 r/min离心25 min,将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离。酶解过程中间歇使用超声波辅助,超声波功率为600 W,超声波时间为2 h,间歇时间为10 min;
(2)向步骤(1)的红参沉淀中加入360 mL的冷水并搅拌均匀,调节红参液pH为5.5,加入4.8 g的α-淀粉酶,升温至95 ℃酶解1 h;调节其温度为55 ℃、pH为5,加入3 g的β-葡萄糖苷酶、3 g的纤维素酶和3 g的蛋白酶,酶解1 h。灭酶、冷却后4000 r/min离心25 min,将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离。酶解过程中间歇使用超声波辅助,超声波功率为600 W,超声波时间为1 h,间歇时间为10 min;
(3) 合并步骤(1)、步骤(2)所得红参酶解液;
(4) 将已经干燥的茯苓15 g、甘草10 g、栀子9 g、山楂12 g、山药30 g、黄精15 g、广藿香10 g、炒酸枣仁10 g按比例称量后粉碎至60目。将其置于1110 mL的冷水中浸泡30 min,升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min。冷却后4000 r/min离心25 min,将上清液与沉淀分离;
(5) 向步骤(4)的沉淀中加入666 mL的冷水并搅拌均匀,沸水煎煮30 min,加入按比例称量好的菊花10 g、蒲公英15 g、枸杞子12 g、乌梅12 g,沸水煎煮30 min。冷却后4000 r/min离心25 min,将上清液与沉淀分离;
(6) 合并步骤(4)、步骤(5)所得上清液;
(7) 将步骤(3)所得红参酶解液与步骤(6)所得上清液各150 mL,浓缩至适量,加入混合均匀的柠檬酸1.05g、塔格糖3 g、木糖醇6 g、蔗糖30 g、果胶1.8 g,缓慢升温至85 ℃,保温30 min,灌装后常温放置,得到一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻。

Claims (7)

1.一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
将红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制20 ~ 40 min使其软化,加入其质量10倍的冷水,打浆处理,并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液;调节红参液pH为5 ~ 6,加入1% ~ 2%的α-淀粉酶,升温至95 ℃酶解2 ~ 3 h;调节其温度为40 ~ 60 ℃、pH为4 ~ 5,加入2% ~ 4%的复合酶,酶解2 ~ 3 h;灭酶、冷却后离心处理,将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离;
(2)在步骤(1)的分步酶解过程中,间歇使用超声波辅助,超声波功率为400 ~ 600 W,超声波时间为2 ~ 3 h,间歇时间为10 min;
(3)向步骤(1)的红参沉淀中加入其质量6倍的冷水并搅拌均匀,调节红参液pH为5~6,加入1% ~ 2%的α-淀粉酶,升温至95 ℃酶解1 ~ 1.5 h;调节其温度为40 ~ 60 ℃、pH为4 ~5,加入2% ~ 4%的复合酶,酶解1 ~ 1.5 h;灭酶、冷却后离心处理,将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离;
(4)在步骤(3)的分步酶解过程中,间歇使用超声波辅助,超声波功率为400 ~ 600 W,超声波时间为1 ~ 1.5 h,间歇时间为10 min;
(5)合并步骤(1)、步骤(3)所得红参酶解液;
(6)将已经干燥的茯苓、甘草、栀子、山楂、山药、黄精、广藿香、炒酸枣仁按比例称量后粉碎至40 ~ 60目;将其置于其质量10倍的冷水中浸泡30 ~ 40 min,升温至100 ℃煎煮60min;冷却后离心处理,将上清液与沉淀分离;
(7)向步骤(4)的沉淀中加入其质量6倍的冷水并搅拌均匀,沸水煎煮30 min,加入按比例称量好的菊花、蒲公英、枸杞子、乌梅,沸水煎煮30 min;冷却后离心处理,将上清液与沉淀分离;
(8)合并步骤(6)、步骤(7)所得上清液;
(9)将步骤(5)所得红参酶解液与步骤(8)所得上清液按1:1混合,浓缩至适量,加入混合均匀的柠檬酸、塔格糖、木糖醇、蔗糖、果胶,缓慢升温至80 ~ 90 ℃,保温30 min,灌装后常温放置,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)、(3)中所述的复合酶是β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶按1:1:1复配所得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)、(3)、(6)、(7)中离心转速为3000 ~ 8000 r/min,离心时间为15 ~ 30 min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(6)中原料组分,按重量份数计包括:茯苓10 ~ 15份、甘草2 ~ 10份、栀子6 ~ 9份、山楂9 ~ 12份、山药15 ~ 30份、黄精9 ~ 15份、广藿香3 ~ 10份、炒酸枣仁10 ~ 15份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(7)中原料组分,按重量份数计包括:菊花5 ~ 10份、蒲公英10 ~ 15份、枸杞子6 ~12份、乌梅6 ~ 12份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(9)中柠檬酸添加量为0.1% ~ 0.4%,塔格糖添加量为0.5% ~ 3%,木糖醇添加量为3% ~ 6%,蔗糖添加量为8% ~ 12%,果胶添加量为0.4% ~ 0.8%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有保肝功能的人参可吸冻的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(9)中缓慢升温至80 ~ 90 ℃过程、保温过程需不断搅拌。
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