CN110916189A - 一种具有润肺功能的人参方便食品的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有润肺功能的人参方便食品的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有润肺功能的人参方便食品的制备方法，将红参高压蒸制、打浆、过胶体磨后分步酶解，离心后二次分步酶解红参沉淀，合并两次灭酶后酶解液；将甘草、桔梗、薄荷、茯苓、百合、栀子粉碎、浸泡、煎煮，离心后在沉淀中加入金银花、胖大海进行二次煎煮，合并上清液；将酶解液与上清液合并，加入辅料制得不同形式的人参方便食品。本发明产品感官价值高，有养阴润肺、清热解毒、止咳平喘等功能，属于食品而非药品，普适大众。且在制备方法中红参高压蒸制后进行两次分步酶解，小分子活性物质得率较传统酶解方法可提高5%~10%，从而提高红参中活性物质在人体的吸收率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域，涉及一种具有润肺功能的人参方便食品的制备方法。
背景技术
人参是一种传统而宝贵的药食同源植物。人参皂苷、人参蛋白、人参多糖等作为其主要的功能因子，有着提高免疫力、抵抗细胞氧化、抗肿瘤等作用。
汽车尾气排放、工业排放、建筑扬尘、垃圾焚烧等原因，使得雾霾天气时有发生。雾霾对呼吸系统危害极大，它能直接进入并粘附在人体呼吸道和肺泡中，尤其是亚微米粒子会分别沉积于上、下呼吸道和肺泡中，引起急性支气管炎及间质性肺炎等病症。
中国专利公报公开的：1、CN108079177A公开了一种润肺止咳的中药组合物，以地黄、麦冬、赤芍、批把叶、玄参、薄荷、川贝母、知母、金银花、重楼、桔梗、甘草为原料组合制成药剂；用于根治各种外感咳嗽和内伤咳嗽。2、CN108771732A公开了一种润肺补脾中药组合物，由化橘红，黄精，葛根，北沙参，赤芍，天麦冬，全瓜萎，山银花，桂枝，洛神，灵芝，蝉蜕，炙甘草组合制成药剂；用于清除热气、滋肺润喉、强健脾胃、增强抵抗力。3、CN104587194A公开了一种具有养阴润肺作用的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用，以百合、玉竹、南杏仁、桔梗、黄精、山药为原料经过煎煮、浓缩制成养阴润肺膏；有着养阴润肺的功效，用于缓解阴虚肺燥体质人群的干咳、痰少而粘或痰中带血、咽干、声音嘶哑、形体消瘦、颧红、午后潮热、盗汗、五心烦热等症状。4、CN104784586A公开了一种具有清咽利喉和润肺清火作用的中药组合物，由菊花、胖大海、金银花、罗汉果、莲子心、陈皮、玉竹、淡竹叶、苦参、枸杞子、玄参、牡丹皮、甘草、炒麦芽、代代花、灯心草经过煎煮、过滤、浓缩制成浸膏；用于达到清咽利喉和润肺清火的功效。上述已公开的专利均有采用药性较大的中药材，制成中药制剂，且加工工艺过于简单，缺少精深加工，原料利用率较低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有润肺功能的人参方便食品的制备方法，制备得到的产品形式包括但不限于膏、即食粉、饮品等。产品形式多样，感官价值高，具有养阴润肺、清热解毒、止咳平喘等功能。
本发明所述的一种具有润肺功能的人参方便食品的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）将红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制20 ~ 40 min使其软化，加入其质量10倍的冷水，打浆处理，并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液；调节红参液pH为5 ~ 6，加入1% ~ 2%的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解4 ~ 6 h；调节其温度为50 ~ 60 ℃、pH为4 ~ 6，加入1% ~ 3%的复合酶，酶解4 ~ 6 h；灭酶、冷却后离心处理，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（2）向步骤（1）的红参沉淀中加入其质量6倍的冷水并搅拌均匀，调节红参液pH为5 ~6，加入1% ~ 2%的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解2 ~ 3 h；调节其温度为50 ~ 60 ℃、pH为4 ~6，加入1% ~ 3%的复合酶，酶解2 ~ 3 h；灭酶、冷却后离心处理，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（3）合并步骤（1）、步骤（2）所得红参酶解液；
（4）将已经干燥的甘草、桔梗、薄荷、茯苓、百合、栀子按比例称量后粉碎至40 ~ 60目；将其置于其质量10倍的冷水中浸泡30 ~ 40 min，升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min；冷却后离心处理，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（5）向步骤（4）的沉淀中加入其质量6倍的冷水并搅拌均匀，沸水煎煮30 min，加入按比例称量好的金银花、胖大海，沸水煎煮30 min；冷却后离心处理，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（6）合并步骤（4）、步骤（5）所得上清液；
（7）将步骤（3）所得红参酶解液与步骤（6）所得上清液按1:1混合，分别加入蔗糖、异麦芽糖醇、木糖醇、麦芽糊精和柠檬酸，即得。
上述的步骤（1）、步骤（2）中所述的复合酶是纤维素酶和蛋白酶按1:1复配所得。
上述的步骤（1）、步骤（2）、步骤（4）、步骤（5）中离心转速为3000 ~ 8000 r/min，离心时间为15 ~ 30 min。
上述的步骤（4）中原料组分，按重量份数计包括：甘草2 ~ 10份、桔梗3 ~ 10份、薄荷9 ~ 30份、茯苓10 ~ 15份、百合6 ~ 12份、栀子6 ~ 9份。
上述的步骤（5）中原料组分，按重量份数计包括：金银花6 ~ 15份、胖大海2 ~ 3份。
上述的步骤（7）所得的人参方便食品的产品形式包括但不限于膏、即食粉、饮品等。
为便于更好地理解本发明，下面对本发明中的原料作出进一步说明。
甘草：性甘，平。归心、肺、脾、胃经。补脾益气，清热解毒，去痰止咳，缓急止痛，调和诸药。用于脾胃虚弱，倦怠乏力，心悸气短，咳嗽痰多。
桔梗：性苦、辛，平。归肺经。宣肺，利咽，祛痰，排脓。用于咳嗽痰多，胸闷不畅，咽痛音哑，肺痈吐脓。
薄荷：性辛，凉。归肺、肝经。疏散风热，清利头目，利咽，透疹，疏肝行气。用于风热感冒，风温初起，头痛，目赤，喉痹，口疮麻疹，胸胁胀闷。
茯苓：性甘、淡，平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。利水渗湿，健脾，宁心。用于痰饮眩悸，脾虚食少，便溏泄泻。
百合：性甘，寒。归心、肺经。养阴润肺，清心安神。用于阴虚燥咳，劳嗽咳血，虚烦惊悸。
栀子：性苦，寒。归心、肺、三焦经。泻火除烦，清热利湿，凉血解毒；外用消肿止痛。用于热病心烦，湿热黄疸，目赤肿痛，火毒疮疡。
金银花：性甘，寒。归肺、心、胃经。清热解毒，疏散风热。用于丹毒，热毒血痢，风热感冒，温病发热。
胖大海：性甘，寒。归肺、大肠经。清热润肺，利咽开音，润肠通便。用于肺热声哑，干咳无痰，热结便闭。
本发明的有益效果在于：以红参为主要原料，其余原料参考《中华人民共和国药典》中传统的宣肺止咳药方，对其进行部分增减的同时，以有相同或类似作用的药食同源植物替代部分药材为原料，加入辅料后通过不同的工艺制得形式多样的产品。颜色多呈琥珀色，口感甘甜而不腻，可闻到人参的清香，感官价值高，具有养阴润肺、清热解毒、止咳平喘等功能，属于食品而非药品，普适大众。且上述制备方法中对红参高压蒸制后采用两次分步酶解，α-淀粉酶的酶解使大分子的淀粉转化为寡糖等小分子物质，且使红参液的粘度下降，便于搅拌；纤维素酶及蛋白酶酶解，使得纤维素、蛋白质等转化为寡糖、单糖、蛋白肽等小分子活性物质，使其得率较传统酶解方法可提高5% ~ 10%，从而提高人体对红参中活性物质的吸收率。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
（1）将40 g红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制30 min使其软化，加入400 mL的冷水，打浆处理，并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液。调节红参液pH为5，加入5 g的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解6 h；调节其温度为50 ℃、pH为4，加入2.5 g的纤维素酶和2.5 g的蛋白酶，酶解6 h。灭酶、冷却后5000 r/min离心30 min，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（2）向步骤（1）的红参沉淀中加入240 mL冷水并搅拌均匀，调节红参液pH为5，加入3 g的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解3 h；调节其温度为50 ℃、pH为4，加入1.5 g的纤维素酶和1.5 g的蛋白酶，酶解3 h。灭酶、冷却后5000 r/min离心30 min，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（3） 合并步骤（1）、步骤（2）所得红参酶解液；
（4） 将已经干燥的甘草5 g、桔梗5 g、薄荷10 g、茯苓10 g、百合10 g、栀子8 g按比例称量后粉碎至40目。将其置于480 mL冷水中浸泡30 min，升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min。冷却后5000 r/min离心30 min，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（5） 向步骤（4）的沉淀中加入288 mL冷水并搅拌均匀，沸水煎煮30 min，加入称量好的金银花10 g、胖大海2g，沸水煎煮30 min。冷却后5000 r/min离心30 min，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（6） 合并步骤（4）、步骤（5）所得上清液；
（7） 将步骤（3）所得红参酶解液与步骤（6）所得上清液各100 mL，浓缩至相对密度为1.15 ~ 1.25（70℃）的清膏，煮沸后加入60 g过60目筛的蔗糖，继续煮沸并搅拌收膏，得到一种具有润肺功能的人参膏。
实施例2
（1）将50 g红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制40 min使其软化，加入500 mL的冷水，打浆处理，并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液。调节红参液pH为5.5，加入5 g的α-淀粉酶，升温至95℃酶解5 h；调节其温度为55 ℃、pH为4，加入5 g的纤维素酶和5 g的蛋白酶，酶解5 h。灭酶、冷却后6000 r/min离心20 min，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（2）向步骤（1）的红参沉淀中加入300 mL冷水并搅拌均匀，调节红参液pH为5.5，加入3g的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解2.5 h；调节其温度为50 ℃、pH为4，加入3 g的纤维素酶和3g的蛋白酶，酶解2.5 h。灭酶、冷却后6000 r/min离心20 min，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（3） 合并步骤（1）、步骤（2）所得红参酶解液；
（4） 将已经干燥的甘草4 g、桔梗5 g、薄荷15 g、茯苓12 g、百合8 g、栀子9 g按比例称量后粉碎至40目。将其置于530 mL冷水中浸泡30 min，升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min。冷却后6000 r/min离心25 min，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（5） 向步骤（4）的沉淀中加入318 mL冷水并搅拌均匀，沸水煎煮30 min，加入称量好的金银花8 g、胖大海3g，沸水煎煮30 min。冷却后6000 r/min离心25 min，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（6） 合并步骤（4）、步骤（5）所得上清液；
（7） 将步骤（3）所得红参酶解液与步骤（6）所得上清液各100 mL，加入过40目筛的蔗糖20g、异麦芽糖醇4g、木糖醇4g、麦芽糊精30g，均质后浓缩至适量，对其进行喷雾干燥，得到一种具有润肺功能的即食人参粉。
实施例3
（1）将60 g红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制40 min使其软化，加入600 mL的冷水，打浆处理，并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液。调节红参液pH为6，加入12 g的α-淀粉酶，升温至95℃酶解4 h；调节其温度为55 ℃、pH为6，加入5 g的纤维素酶和5 g的蛋白酶，酶解5 h。灭酶、冷却后7000 r/min离心15 min，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（2）向步骤（1）的红参沉淀中加入360 mL冷水并搅拌均匀，调节红参液pH为6，加入7 g的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解2 h；调节其温度为55 ℃、pH为6，加入3 g的纤维素酶和3 g的蛋白酶，酶解2 h。灭酶、冷却后7000 r/min离心15 min，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（3） 合并步骤（1）、步骤（2）所得红参酶解液；
（4） 将已经干燥的甘草10 g、桔梗10 g、薄荷25 g、茯苓15 g、百合10 g、栀子9 g按比例称量后粉碎至40目。将其置于790 mL冷水中浸泡30 min，升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min。冷却后8000 r/min离心25 min，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（5） 向步骤（4）的沉淀中加入474 mL冷水并搅拌均匀，沸水煎煮30 min，加入称量好的金银花15 g、胖大海3g，沸水煎煮30 min。冷却后8000 r/min离心25 min，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（6） 合并步骤（4）、步骤（5）所得上清液；
（7） 将步骤（3）所得红参酶解液与步骤（6）所得上清液各100 mL，加入过40目筛的蔗糖20g、异麦芽糖醇10 g、木糖醇20 g、柠檬酸1g、纯净水800mL，搅拌均匀后预热均质，将均质好的溶液杀菌后进行灌装，得到一种具有润肺功能的人参饮品。
Claims (6)
1.一种具有润肺功能的人参方便食品的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
（1）将红参置于高压锅中0.1 MPa蒸制20 ~ 40 min使其软化，加入其质量10倍的冷水，打浆处理，并通过胶体磨制备超细红参液；调节红参液pH为5 ~ 6，加入1% ~ 2%的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解4 ~ 6 h；调节其温度为50 ~ 60 ℃、pH为4 ~ 6，加入1% ~ 3%的复合酶，酶解4 ~ 6 h；灭酶、冷却后离心处理，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（2）向步骤（1）的红参沉淀中加入其质量6倍的冷水并搅拌均匀，调节红参液pH为5 ~6，加入1% ~ 2%的α-淀粉酶，升温至95 ℃酶解2 ~ 3 h；调节其温度为50 ~ 60 ℃、pH为4 ~6，加入1% ~ 3%的复合酶，酶解2 ~ 3 h；灭酶、冷却后离心处理，将红参酶解液与红参沉淀分离；
（3）合并步骤（1）、步骤（2）所得红参酶解液；
（4）将已经干燥的甘草、桔梗、薄荷、茯苓、百合、栀子按比例称量后粉碎至40 ~ 60目；将其置于其质量10倍的冷水中浸泡30 ~ 40 min，升温至100 ℃煎煮60 min；冷却后离心处理，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（5）向步骤（4）的沉淀中加入其质量6倍的冷水并搅拌均匀，沸水煎煮30 min，加入按比例称量好的金银花、胖大海，沸水煎煮30 min；冷却后离心处理，将上清液与沉淀分离；
（6）合并步骤（4）、步骤（5）所得上清液；
（7）将步骤（3）所得红参酶解液与步骤（6）所得上清液按1:1混合，分别加入蔗糖、异麦芽糖醇、木糖醇、麦芽糊精和柠檬酸，即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有润肺功能的人参方便食品的制备方法，其特征在于：
所述的步骤（1）、（2）中所述的复合酶是纤维素酶和蛋白酶按1:1复配所得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有润肺功能的人参方便食品的制备方法，其特征在于：
所述的步骤（1）、（2）、（4）、（5）中离心转速为3000 ~ 8000 r/min，离心时间为15 ~ 30min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有润肺功能的人参方便食品的制备方法，其特征在于：
所述的步骤（4）中原料组分，按重量份数计包括：甘草2 ~ 10份、桔梗3 ~ 10份、薄荷9~ 30份、茯苓10 ~ 15份、百合6 ~ 12份、栀子6 ~ 9份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有润肺功能的人参方便食品的制备方法，其特征在于：
所述的步骤（5）中原料组分，按重量份数计包括：金银花6 ~ 15份、胖大海2 ~ 3份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有润肺功能的人参方便食品的制备方法，其特征在于：
所述的步骤（7）所得的人参方便食品的产品形式包括但不限于膏、即食粉、饮品等。
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| CN111642666A (zh) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-11 | 内蒙古科然生物高新技术有限责任公司 | 一种人参提取物大豆肽粉固体饮料的制备方法 |
| CN112021568A (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-04 | 山东省现代中药研究院有限公司 | 用于辅助防疫新冠病毒的药食同源类功能性组合物 |
| CN114190552A (zh) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-18 | 湖南康润农业科技发展有限公司 | 百合含片及其制作方法 |
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- 2019-12-25 CN CN201911361303.5A patent/CN110916189A/zh active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111642666A (zh) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-11 | 内蒙古科然生物高新技术有限责任公司 | 一种人参提取物大豆肽粉固体饮料的制备方法 |
| CN112021568A (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-04 | 山东省现代中药研究院有限公司 | 用于辅助防疫新冠病毒的药食同源类功能性组合物 |
| CN114190552A (zh) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-18 | 湖南康润农业科技发展有限公司 | 百合含片及其制作方法 |
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