CN1109683C - 用于治疗雌激素缺乏综合征的2-芳基苯并[b]噻吩类化合物 - Google Patents
用于治疗雌激素缺乏综合征的2-芳基苯并[b]噻吩类化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1109683C CN1109683C CN98810962A CN98810962A CN1109683C CN 1109683 C CN1109683 C CN 1109683C CN 98810962 A CN98810962 A CN 98810962A CN 98810962 A CN98810962 A CN 98810962A CN 1109683 C CN1109683 C CN 1109683C
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- Prior art keywords
- phenyl
- thiophene
- benzo
- hydroxy
- compound
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
本发明提供利用式(I)化合物有效抑制多种与雌激素缺乏综合征有关的临床病症(包括骨质疏松症和高脂血症)的方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及药物和有机化学领域,而且提供用于有效抑制多种雌激素缺乏性疾病的2-芳基苯并[b]噻吩类化合物。
发明背景
“雌激素缺乏综合征”是用于描述多种常困扰雌激素水平不足妇女的病理症状的术语。引起妇女体内雌激素缺乏的一个最常见的原因是月经随年龄自然中止,即绝经。另外,非自然情况,包括卵巢切除术、化疗所致的激素生成停止或药物的作用,也可能诱发雌激素缺乏。尽管许多病变被认为可以使用此术语,但雌激素缺乏综合征的两个主要作用是造成长期临床护理的最大根源,即骨质疏松症和心血管作用,具体如高脂血症。
骨质疏松症是指一系列由不同病因所致的疾病,而这些疾病的共同特征在于每单位体积中的骨质出现净损失。骨质损失的后果是使骨骼无法为机体提供足够的结构支撑,也就是骨折。一种最常见类型的骨质疏松症与绝经有关。绝大多数女性的小梁腔内的骨质在停经后3-6年内损失掉约20%-约60%。这种快速骨质损失一般与骨吸收的全面增加以及其中吸收期较占优势的骨形成周期有关。其结果显然是造成骨质净损失。骨质疏松症在绝经后妇女中是一种常见且严重的疾病。
仅在美国就有约2千5百万妇女患有此病。骨质疏松症的后果对于个人来说是有害的,而且这种慢性疾病将会造成巨大的经济损失,同时还需要为该疾病的后遗症付出大量和长期的供养(住院和家庭护理)。这在老年患者中尤其现实。另外,虽然人们通常认为骨质疏松症是一种对生命不构成威胁的疾病,但是在老年妇女中却有20-30%的死亡率归咎于髋部骨折。这种死亡率中的大部分直接与绝经后骨折疏松症有关。
在绝经前,多数妇女的心血管疾病的发生率低于老年男子。但在绝经后,妇女心血管疾病的发病率缓慢地攀升至相当于由男性中观察到的发病率。保护作用的丧失与失去雌激素密切相关,特别是与失去雌激素调节血脂水平的能力有关。虽然对雌激素调节血脂的天然能力还不很清楚,但迄今为止的证据表明,雌激素可以增量调节肝脏内的低密度脂质以清除掉过量的胆固醇。此外,雌激素似乎具有某些影响胆固醇生物合成的作用以及其他有益于对心血管健康的作用。
尽管雌激素替代疗法常常被用于雌激素缺乏综合征,但由于许多妇女无法忍受某些副作用和治疗药物形式的不便利性,所以这种疗法的患者依从性并不好。例如,由于口服难以吸收,所以17-β-雌二醇常常经皮给药。其结果是,绝大多数妇女在雌激素替代疗法开始的第一年内就停止服用该雌激素。
R和R1独立地是氢、羟基、C1-C6烷氧基、OCH2Ar、OCO(C1-C6烷基)、OCOAr;和
Ar是苯基或取代苯基。
本发明涉及发现式I化合物的新用途,换言之,它们是抑制雌激素缺乏综合征的有效药物。
发明概述
R和R1独立地是氢、羟基、C1-C6烷氧基、OCH2Ar、OCO(C1-C6烷基)、OCOAr;和
Ar是苯基或取代苯基。
R2和R3独立地是氢、羟基、C1-C6烷基、CO(C1-C6烷基)或COAr;
R4是吡咯烷-1-基、哌啶-1-基或六亚甲基亚氨-1-基;
其中基团R4的氮原子任选地是N-氧化物。
此外,本发明涉及药物制剂,该药物制剂含有式I化合物或式I和II的化合物以及药用赋形剂、稀释剂或载体。
发明详述
在此用于描述化合物、方法和制剂的常用术语具有其常规含义。例如,“C1-C4烷基”是指甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、环丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基和环丁基。术语“C1-C6烷基”除了所述C1-C4烷基所列的那些基团以外还包括含有5或6个碳原子的单价直链、支链或环状的脂肪链,其中包括戊基、环戊基、己基、2-甲基戊基、环己基等。术语“C1-C4烷氧基”是指甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、环丙氧基、正丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基和环丁氧基。术语“C1-C6烷氧基”除了所述C1-C4烷氧基所列的那些基团以外,还包括含有5或6个碳原子的通过单价氧原子连接的直链、支链或环状脂肪链,其中包括但不限于戊氧基、环戊氧基、己氧基、2-甲基戊氧基、环己氧基等。
术语“卤化物”是指氯化物、溴化物或碘化物。
术语“取代苯基”是指具有1-3个选自C1-C6烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、羟基、硝基、氯、氟或三(氯或氟)甲基的取代基的苯基。
尽管本发明所述方法可以采用式II化合物的游离碱形式,但优选制备和使用的是其可药用盐的形式。典型的可药用盐包括那些由式II化合物与无机酸或有机酸反应制备的盐。这些盐也称作酸加成盐。所以,术语“可药用盐”是指在给药剂量下基本无毒的式II化合物的酸加成盐,在药学文献中业已被普遍公开。参见Berge.S.M.Bighley,L.D.&Monkhouse,D.C.的《药物科学杂志)》(J.Pharm.Sci.)66,1,1977。可药用盐一般比衍生其的化合物具有更高的溶解特性,因此通常更适用于药物制剂中。
可药用盐的例子是碘化物、醋酸盐、苯基醋酸盐、三氟醋酸盐、丙烯酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、苯甲酸盐、氯代苯甲酸盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、羟基苯甲酸盐、甲氧基苯甲酸盐、甲基苯甲酸盐、邻-乙酰氧基苯甲酸盐、萘-2-苯甲酸盐、溴化物、异丁酸盐、苯基丁酸盐、g-羟基丁酸盐、b-羟基丁酸盐、丁炔-1,-4二醇盐、己炔-1,4-二醇盐、己炔-1,6-二醇盐、己酸盐、辛酸盐、氯化物、桂皮酸盐、柠檬酸盐、癸酸盐、甲酸盐、富马酸盐、乙醇酸盐、庚酸盐、马尿酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、羟基马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、烟酸盐、异烟酸盐、硝酸盐、草酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐、对苯二酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸一氢盐、磷酸二氢盐、偏磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、丙炔酸盐、丙酸盐、苯基丙酸盐、水杨酸盐、癸二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、辛二酸盐、硫酸盐、酸式硫酸盐、焦硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、酸式亚硫酸盐、磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对-溴苯磺酸盐、氯苯磺酸盐、丙磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、萘-1-磺酸盐、萘-2-磺酸盐、对-甲苯磺酸盐、二甲苯磺酸盐、酒石酸盐等式II化合物的盐。
术语“溶剂化物”表示含有一个或多个溶剂分子的聚集体,例如由式I或II化合物与一个或多个溶剂分子生成的聚集体。这些溶剂分子应是那些在药学文献中常用的溶剂分子,例如水和乙醇,已知它们对给药者无有害作用。
术语“热力学碱”是指能够可逆性脱去酸性底物中的质子的碱,或在质子是反应副产物时可以用作质子捕获物的碱,同时这种碱的反应性足以引发预定反应而不产生任何副反应。热力学碱的例子包括但不限于:碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐和氢氧化物(例如锂、钠或钾的碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐或氢氧化物)、三-(C1-4烷基)胺或含氮的芳香族杂环类化合物(例如吡啶)。
术语“雌激素缺乏综合征”是指那些因卵巢机能丧失(自发性、外科手术或化学作用引起的)且特别是卵巢激素(具体如雌激素)缺失所导致的病变和病症。由于雌激素的缺失是导致该综合征症状的致病原因,所以这些症状分别对利用本发明所述化合物替代被损耗雌激素的替代疗法有所反应。所以,本发明所述的化合物和方法将有效且有利于治疗或预防雌激素缺乏症状,其中包括但不限于下列症状:骨质疏松症、高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化、血管舒缩异常(热潮红)、自身免疫性疾病、皮肤和头发异常、心血管疾病和变性、痴呆和阿耳茨海默氏病、抑郁症、体重的增减、某些类型的糖尿病和症状、不适当的愈合和组织修复、阴道萎缩症、尿失禁、雌激素调节基因调控异常所致的后遗症等。但应懂得,不是所有被当作雌激素缺乏综合征症状治疗的患者都必须患有上述所有不同的病变,因此,对本发明化合物和方法的具体应用将取决于这些症状的特应性和严重程度。
术语“抑制”或“抑制的”是指阻止、治疗、减轻、改善、停止、遏制、减缓或逆转疾病的进程,或减轻与雌激素缺乏综合征有关或所致的病理症状的严重程度。因此,这些方法包括医药治疗(急性)和/或酌情而定的预防(防止)性给药。
此处所用的术语“有效量”是指在能够抑制上述多种病变情况和症状时一种或多种本发明所述的化合物的用量。
术语“药物制剂”、“可药用载体”、“可药用稀释剂”和“可药用赋形剂”是指在含有式I所示化合物的制剂中或在含有式I和II化合物的混合物的制剂中,与制剂其他组分相容且不对给药者产生有害作用的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。
尽管本发明所有的化合物均有效,但某些化合物特别令人感兴趣并被优选。例如,其中R和R1独立地为羟基或甲氧基的式I化合物是优选化合物。首选其中R和R1均为羟基的式I化合物,即2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩。此外,也较优选其中R2和R3皆为氢且R4为哌啶-1-基的式II化合物的盐酸盐。这种式II化合物是[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮盐酸盐,即盐酸雷洛昔芬。
尽管所有采用式I和II化合物的混合物的制剂和方法均有效,但将上述所列的优选化合物适当地合用则更令人注目且优选。首选将2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩和盐酸雷洛昔芬合用。
由下列合成路线1所举例说明的式III和IV化合物可以制备式I化合物,其中R和R1如上述定义:
合成路线1
式III的化合物可以被式IV的苯甲酰甲基卤化物S-烷基化。这种S-烷基化作用是在溶剂中、于热力学碱的存在下在0℃-100℃的温度下反应1-24小时。优选的溶剂和碱一般分别是乙醇和氢氧化钾。该反应适宜在室温下进行1-3小时。对于式IV的化合物,优选的卤化物是溴化物。
通过在适当溶剂中、于50℃-200℃的温度下用酸处理1-24小时可以将所得式V化合物环化成式I的化合物。优选的溶剂和酸是多磷酸。
当R和/或R1是羟基时,优选上述合成路线采用其中R和/或R1是C1-6烷氧基、OCH2Ar、OCO(C1-6烷基)或OCOAr的式III和/或IV化合物。随后,可以由环化步骤后所得的式I化合物通过脱去C1-6烷基、CH2Ar、CO(C1-6烷基)或COAr部分(保护基)来制备其中R和/或R1是羟基的式I化合物。上述保护基的脱除方法可以参见下列实施例,或参见《(有机合成中的保护基》(第2版,T.H.Greene等人,John Wiley & Sons,NewYork,1991)的第2章。
由其中R和R1独立地且各不相同地为C1-6烷氧基、OCH2Ar、OCO(C1-6烷基)或OCOAr的式I化合物通过有选择地脱除一个保护基可以制备其中R和R1不为氢且R或R1中只有一个基团为羟基的式I化合物。对易于被选择性脱除的保护基以及用于从多个保护基中选择性地脱去一个保护基的方法是所属技术领域技术人员熟知的。一个选择性脱除保护基的例子是其中一个保护基是苄基且另一个保护基是C1-4烷基。通过催化氢化可以选择性脱除苄基。对于其他选择性脱除上述保护基的说明可以参见下列实施例和上文所引用的Greene的著作。
用于制备式I化合物的其他教导可以参见美国专利4133814和4418068以及Jones,C.D.等人的《医学化学杂志》27,1057-1066(1984),这些文献的内容均在此引入作为参考。
也可以按照上述美国专利和US 5393763和5629425以及PCT公开#US 97/04259所述的内容制备不是N-氧化物的式II化合物及其可药用盐,上述文献的内容在此引入作为参考。
通过利用助溶剂(如甲醇或乙醇)将不是N-氧化物的式II化合物溶解或悬浮在过氧化氢的稀释水溶液中可以制备其是N-氧化物的式II化合物。该反应的反应条件是室温-100℃下反应24-72小时。应注意,在选择氧化剂中必须谨慎,许多能够将氮氧化的常规氧化剂,例如三氧化铬、高锰酸钾等不能被采用,因为它们同时将苯并[b]噻吩的硫氧化。所以,优选采用温和的氧化剂,如过氧化氢。
利用常规的色谱技术来监测反应的进程,从而测试出上述反应所需的最佳时间。此外,本发明所述的反应适宜在惰性气氛下如氩气,或更优选在氮气下进行。对溶剂的选择一般没有严格要求,但所用溶剂必须对进行中的反应呈惰性,并且足以使反应物溶解从而引发预定的反应。如果需要,可以利用常规技术,如重结晶法或在固体载体(如硅胶或氧化铝)上进行的层析法来提纯中间体或终产物。
式III和IV的化合物既可以是市售产品,也可以通过所属领域的已知方法来制得。
对合成的探讨不对本发明的保护范围构成限定和解释。应用上述化学内容能够确保合成得到式I的化合物,包括但不限于:
2-苯基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-苯甲酰氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-异丙氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-异丙氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-(4-甲基苯甲酰基)氧苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-异丙氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-异丙氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-异丙氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-异丙氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-苯甲酰氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-苯甲酰氧基苯基)-6-苯甲酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-环戊氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-环戊氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-环戊氧基苯基)-6-环戊氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-丁酰氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-环戊氧基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;等。
同时采用式I和II的化合物的制剂和方法包括但不限于下列两种化合物的组合:
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩和[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮盐酸盐;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩和[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮盐酸盐;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩和[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮盐酸盐;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩和[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮盐酸盐;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩和[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮的N-氧化物;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩和[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮的N-氧化物;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩和[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-吡咯烷基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮盐酸盐;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩和[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-吡咯烷基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮盐酸盐;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩和[2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮盐酸盐;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩和[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮盐酸盐;
2-(4-环戊氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩和[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮盐酸盐;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩和[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮的N-氧化物;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩和[2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩-3-基][4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]甲酮的N-氧化物;等。
下列制备例和实施例将进一步举例说明本发明化合物的合成。这些实施例在任何方面都不对本发明的保护范围构成限定和解释。在制备例和实施例中所用的术语和缩写均具有其常规含义,除非另有说明。例如“℃”、“N”、“mmol”、“g”、“ml”、“M”、“HPLC”、“mp”、“EA”、“MS”和“H-NMR”分别是指摄氏度、当量或当量浓度、毫摩尔数、克数、毫升数、摩尔数、高效液相色谱、熔点、元素分析、质谱和质子核磁共振谱。
制备例
制备例1
2-(3-甲氧基苯硫基)-4’-甲氧基乙酰苯
将3-甲氧基苯硫酚(50.0g,0.356mol)溶解在700ml乙醇中。向该混合物中加入氢氧化钾片(20g,0.36mol)。将82.5g(0.36mol)的2-溴-4’-甲氧基乙酰苯分成小份加入其中且将温度保持在约25℃。该反应在室温下进行3小时。通过蒸发醇令反应中止,得到褐色油状物。令油状物在2L水和1.5L乙醚中分配。分离醚层并用水洗涤,用无水硫酸镁干燥,蒸发,得到固体。该固体在乙醚-石油醚(3∶1)的混合物中结晶,得到标题化合物,该混合物是粉色结晶固体。mp 53-54℃;EA计算值C16H16O3S:C 66.64;H,5.59;O,16.64;S,11.12.
实测值:C 66.55;H,5.87;O,16.82;S,10.86.
制备例2
2-苯硫基乙酰苯
按照制备例1的方法、由苯硫酚和2-溴代乙酰苯制得标题化合物。mp 52-53℃;EA计算值C14H12OS:C 73.65;H,5.30;O,7.01;S,14.04.
实测值:C 73.46;H,5.50;O,7.25;S,14.30.
制备例3
2-苯硫基-4’-甲氧基乙酰苯
按照制备例1的方法、由苯硫酚和2-溴代-4’-甲氧基乙酰苯制得标题化合物。mp83-85℃;EA计算值C15H14O2S:C 69.74;H,5.46.实测值:C 69.52;H,5.48.
制备例4
2-(3-异丙氧基苯基)-4’-甲氧基乙酰苯
按照制备例1的方法、由3-异丙氧基苯硫酚和2-溴代-4’-甲氧基乙酰苯制得标题化合物。
实施例
实施例1
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩
将2-(3-甲氧基苯硫基)-4-甲氧基乙酰苯(50g,0.173mol)加入到95℃的250g多磷酸中。搅拌该混合物并将温度升至120℃且仔细地加入冰。当经过30分钟后温度升至130℃时再加入冰,开始出现结晶状的产物。向反应混合物中加入水,过滤收集产物。终产物在乙酸乙酯中重结晶,得到30g标题化合物。mp193-194℃;EA计算值C16H14O2S:C 71.08;H,5.22;O,11.84;S,11.86.
实测值:C 71.03;H,5.30;O,11.81;S,11.60.
实施例2
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩
将2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩(10g,35.5mmol)悬浮在50ml的48%氢溴酸水溶液和100ml的冰醋酸中。令反应在氮气氛下加热回流120小时。将反应冷却,过滤。固体产物用水洗涤并干燥,得到6.46g标题化合物。1H NMR:(CDCl3-d6DMSO):δ7.54(d,1H),7.48(d,2H),7.27(s,1H),7.24(m,1H),6.92(d,1H),6.85(d,2H).MS(FD):m/e=242(M+)
实施例3
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩
将2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩(2.42g,10mmol)溶解在100ml四氢呋喃中并加入三乙胺(8g,100mmol)。在氮气氛和室温下搅拌反应混合物,同时缓慢加入乙酰氯(2g,30mmol)。16小时后,加入水来中止反应。在界面处开始结晶出产物,弃去水层,产物从四氢呋喃层结晶出来。过滤出产物,干燥,得到2.06g标题化合物。1H NMR:(d6-DMSO):δ7.86(s,1H),7.85(d,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.81(d,1H),8.70(d,2H),7.25(d,2H),7.18(dd,1H).EA计算值C18H14O4S:C 66.24;H,4.32.实测值:C 66.14;H,4.38;MS(FD):m/e=326(M+)。
实施例4
2-(4-苯甲酰氧基苯基)-6-苯甲酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩
按照实施例3的方法、由2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩和苯甲酰氯转化得到标题化合物,该化合物为白色结晶固体。mp:216℃-218℃。
实施例5
2-苯基苯并[b]噻吩
将2-苯硫基乙酰苯(63.8g)加入到100℃的450g多磷酸中,随后在190℃下加热3小时。令反应冷却至100℃,随后倾入冰水混合物。用乙醚提取该水溶液。用硫酸镁干燥醚层并蒸发,得到黄褐色的无定形固体。残余物在丙酮-乙醇中结晶得到35.2g标题化合物。mp:171℃-172℃。
实施例6
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩
按照实施例2的方法,由2-苯硫基-4’-甲氧基乙酰苯转化得到标题化合物。mp:188℃-190℃。EA计算值C15H12OS:C 74.97;H,5.03.O,6.66;实测值:C 74.69;H,5.19;O,6.75.
实施例7
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-异丙氧基苯并[b]噻吩
按照实施例2的方法,由2-(3-异丙氧基苯硫基)-4’-甲氧基乙酰苯转化为标题化合物。
实施例8
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩
将2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-异丙氧基苯并[b]噻吩(1.0g,3.35mmol)溶解在10ml二氯甲烷中并升温至30℃。将三氯化硼(3.685ml,3.685mmol的1M二氯甲烷溶液)缓慢加入到搅拌的反应溶液中。令反应在室温下进行1小时。滴加入甲醇(0.536g,16.75mmol)以中止反应。将反应搅拌2小时,生成白色沉淀。过滤出固体,用多份10ml的二氯甲烷洗涤3次,干燥,得到白色固体的标题化合物。EA计算值C15H12O2S:C 70.29;H,4.72;S,12.51.实测值:C,67.69;H,4.65;S,12.02;MS(FD):m/e=256(M+)。
下列实施例将举例证明本发明的实用性,但不以任何方式限定本发明。在此示范例中所用的试验模型是一种用于模拟两种与雌激素缺乏有关的主要病变,即高血脂症和骨质疏松症。一般性处理
从Charles River实验室(Portage,MI)获取75天龄的雌性SpragueDawley大鼠(体重200g-225g)。动物在Charless River实验室接受双侧卵巢切除术(OVX)或假性手术处置,1周后运抵。在到达时,将动物每3或4只一组分别关在金属悬挂笼中且使动物随意获取食物(含钙约0.5%)和水长达1周。将室温维持在22.2℃±1.7℃,最低相对湿度为40%。室内的光周期是12小时光照和12小时黑暗。给药方案和组织采集
经过1周的适应环境期(OVX)后,开始每天用试验化合物或17-α-乙炔基雌二醇给药。试验采用了悬浮在1%羧甲基纤维素中的悬浮液或溶解在20%环糊精中的溶液来口服给药,除非另有说明。每天对动物给药并持续4天。给药方案完成后,将动物称重并用氯胺酮∶赛拉嗪(2∶1,V∶V)的混合物麻醉,采用心脏穿刺术收集血样。随后用二氧化碳将动物窒息处死,由中线切口取出子宫,测定子宫的湿重。高脂血症(胆固醇的测定)
令血样在室温下凝集2小时,在3000rpm下离心10分钟后得到血清。用Boehringer Mannheim诊断性高效胆固醇测定法来测试血清胆固醇。简单而言,将胆固醇氧化成胆甾-4-烯-3-酮和过氧化氢。随后所得过氧化氢在过氧化物酶的存在下与苯酚和4-氨基安替比林反应,生成对-醌亚胺染料,该产物在500nm下用分光光度法测定。此后相对于标准曲线计算出胆固醇浓度。整个试验是用Biomek自动工作平台自行完成。
与卵巢切除的对照动物相比,本发明的代表性化合物降低了血清中的胆固醇。骨质疏松症
在经过一般性处理后,每天处理大鼠(每个处理组6只大鼠)共计35天且在第36天时用二氧化碳窒息处死。35天的时间足以使骨密度降低到最低程度,按照本文所述的方法测定。在处死时,取出子宫,切去无关的组织,在测定湿重之前先排出液体内容物,以确保雌激素缺乏与卵巢切除术有关。卵巢切除术一般使子宫重量减少约75%。随后将子宫置于10%中性缓冲的福尔马林中,以备此后的组织学分析。
切开股骨,用数字化X-射线照射且用图象分析程序(NIH图像)测定远侧干骺端。再利用定量计算X线断层照相术扫描这些动物的胫骨邻近面。
按照上述方法,将溶于20%羟丙基β-环糊精中的本发明代表性化合物和乙炔雌二醇(EE2)经口服施给试验动物且证实结果为阳性,也就是减少了骨矿物质密度的损失。
显然,式I化合物的特定给药剂量将根据病例的具体情况而定。同样地,给药途径是各种病例特性的决定因素。所以,精确的给药剂量和途径最好由主治医师来判断。式I化合物的典型日剂量应含有约0.001mg-约800mg/天的无毒剂量水平。优选的日剂量一般是约0.001mg-约60mg/天。上述剂量可以以单剂量给药,也可以酌情每天分成两个或三个独立剂量。
如上所述,式I化合物可以与式II化合物合用。而且,两种药物(式I和II化合物)的精确用量将随被治疗症状的性质以及患者的临床状态而变化。通常,所述组合物应含有0.001mg-60mg的式I化合物和1.0-120mg的式II化合物。优选的组合物应是一种含有0.001-1mg的式I化合物和59-59.999mg的式II化合物的组合物。更优选的组合物应是一种含有0.001-0.1mg的式I化合物和59.9-59.999mg的式II化合物的组合物。特别优选的组合物应含有0.001-0.1mg优选的式I化合物(其中R和R1独立地是羟基或甲氧基)和59.9-59.999mg的盐酸雷洛昔芬。首选的组合物含有0.001-0.1mg最优选的式I化合物(其中R和R1同时为羟基)和59.9-59.999mg的盐酸雷洛昔芬。
本发明的化合物可以通过多种途径给药,其中包括口服、直肠、经皮、颊内、气溶胶、局部、眼部、皮下、静脉内、肌肉内、鼻内等给药途径。优选在给药之前配制这些化合物,对此的选择将由主治医师来决定。所以,本发明的另一方面是一种含有有效量的式I化合物或含有有效量的式I和II化合物、或其盐以及可药用载体、稀释剂或赋形剂的药物制剂。所有活性组分在这些制剂中的含量是该制剂的0.1%-99.9%(重量)。
本发明所述的药物制剂可以通过该技术领域中的已知方法、由常规且易于获得的成分来制备。例如,式I化合物或式I和II的化合物与常规赋形剂、稀释剂或载体一起配制并成形为片剂、胶囊、混悬剂、粉剂等。适用于上述制剂的赋形剂、稀释剂和载体的例子包括:填充剂和填料,如淀粉、糖、甘露醇和硅类衍生物;粘合剂,如羧甲基纤维素和其他纤维素衍生物、藻酸盐、明胶和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;湿润剂,例如甘油;崩解剂,例如碳酸钙和碳酸氢钠;延迟溶解的试剂,例如石蜡;吸收促进剂,例如季铵类化合物;表面活性剂,例如鲸蜡醇、一硬脂酸甘油酯;吸附性载体,例如高岭土和膨润土;和乳化剂,例如滑石、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸镁和固体聚乙二醇。
也可以将所述化合物配制为用于口服给药的常规酏剂或溶液,或配制为适用于非肠道给药的溶液,例如通过肌肉内、皮下或静脉内途径给药的溶液。此外,所述化合物也适宜被配制为缓释剂型等。由此组成的制剂可以在一段时间内将活性成分仅仅或优先释放在特定的生理部位。涂层、包封或保护性基质可以由例如聚合物或蜡制成。
制剂实施例
下列制剂实施例仅举例说明本发明的保护范围,但不以任何方式构成限定。实施例1:明胶胶囊
硬明胶胶囊的制备采用:组分 质量(mg/个胶囊)式I化合物 0.001-200淀粉,NF 0-650可流动淀粉粉末 0-650聚硅氧烷流体350厘沲 0-15
可以根据所提供的合理变化来改进上述制剂。制剂2:片剂
片剂的制备采用:组分 质量(mg/片)式I化合物 0.001-200微晶纤维素 200-650熏制二氧化硅 10-650硬脂酸 5-15
将上述组分混合并压制成片剂。制剂3:片剂
每片中含有2.5-1000mg活性组分的片剂制备如下:组分 质量(mg/片)式I化合物 0.001-200淀粉 45微晶纤维素 35聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(10%的水溶液) 4羧甲基纤维素钠 4.5硬脂酸镁 0.5滑石 1
使活性组分、淀粉和纤维素通过美国45号目筛并彻底混合。将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液与所得粉末混合,随后经美国14号目筛。将生成的颗粒在50℃-60℃下干燥并经美国18号目筛。将预先经过美国60号目筛的羧甲基淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁和滑石加入到上述颗粒中,随后混合,在压片机上压制得到片剂。制剂4:混悬液
每5ml含有0.1-1000mg药物的混悬液制备如下:组分 质量(mg/5ml)式I化合物 0.001-200mg羧甲基纤维素钠 50mg糖浆 1.25mg苯甲酸溶液 0.10mL矫味剂 适量着色剂 适量纯水至 5ml
令药物经美国45号目筛并与羧甲基纤维素钠和糖浆混合形成平滑的糊剂。将苯甲酸溶液、矫味剂和着色剂用一些水稀释并在搅拌下加入上述糊剂。随后加入足量的水以达到所需的体积。制剂 5:组合片剂组分 质量(mg/片)式I的化合物 0.001-1式II的化合物 59-59.999淀粉 45微晶纤维素 35聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(10%的水溶液) 4羧甲基纤维素钠 4.5硬脂酸镁 0.5滑石 1
令活性组分、淀粉和纤维素经过美国45号目筛并彻底混合。将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液与所得粉末混合,随后经美国14号目筛。将生成的颗粒在50℃-60℃下干燥并经美国18号目筛。将预先经过美国60号目筛的羧甲基淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁和滑石加入到上述颗粒中,混合后,在压片机上压制得到片剂。制剂6:组合片剂组分 质量(mg/片)优选的式I化合物 0.001-0.1盐酸雷洛昔芬 59-59.999淀粉 45微晶纤维素 35聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(10%的水溶液) 4羧甲基纤维素钠 4.5硬脂酸镁 0.5滑石 1
令活性组分、淀粉和纤维素经过美国45号目筛并彻底混合。将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液与所得粉末混合,随后经美国14号目筛。将生成的颗粒在50℃-60℃下干燥并经美国18号目筛。将预先经过美国60号目筛的羧甲基淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁和滑石加入到上述颗粒中,混合后,在压片机上压制得到片剂。
Claims (24)
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述哺乳动物是女人。
3.如权利要求2所述的用途,其中所述雌激素缺乏综合征的病变是骨质疏松症。
4.如权利要求2所述的用途,其中所述的雌激素缺乏综合征的病变是高脂血症。
5.如权利要求2所述的用途,其中式I化合物是其中R和R1独立地为羟基或甲氧基的化合物,或其溶剂化物。
6.如权利要求5所述的用途,其中式I化合物是其中R和R1同时为羟基的化合物,或其溶剂化物。
7.如权利要求2所述的用途,其中所述女人处于绝经前或绝经后。
8.如权利要求2所述的用途,其中式I化合物选自:
2-苯基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-苯甲酰氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-异丙氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-异丙氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-(4-甲基苯甲酰基)氧苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-异丙氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-异丙氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-异丙氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-异丙氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-苯甲酰氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-苯甲酰氧基苯基)-6-苯甲酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-环戊氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-环戊氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-环戊氧基苯基)-6-环戊氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-丁酰氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-环戊氧基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
或其溶剂化物。
9.式I化合物或其溶剂化物和式II化合物或其可药用盐或溶剂化物在制备用于抑制哺乳动物中雌激素缺乏综合征的药物中的用途:其中:
R和R1独立地是氢、羟基、C1-C6烷氧基、OCH2Ar、OCO(C1-C6烷基)、OCOAr;和
Ar是苯基或取代苯基;其中:
R2和R3独立地是氢、C1-C6烷基、CO(C1-C6烷基)或COAr;
R4是吡咯烷-1-基、哌啶-1-基或六亚甲基亚氨-1-基;
其中基团R4的氮原子任选地是N-氧化物。
10.如权利要求9所述的用途,其中所述哺乳动物是女人。
11.如权利要求10所述的用途,其中所述雌激素缺乏综合征的病变是骨质疏松症。
12.如权利要求10所述的用途,其中所述的雌激素缺乏综合征的病变是高脂血症。
13.如权利要求10所述的用途,其中式I的化合物是其中R和R1独立地为羟基或甲氧基的化合物,或其溶剂化物。
14.如权利要求13所述的用途,其中式I的化合物是其中R和R1是同时为羟基的化合物,或其溶剂化物。
15.如权利要求14所述的用途,其中式II的化合物是盐酸盐,R2和R3同时为氢,并且R4为哌啶-1-基。
16.如权利要求10所述的用途,其中该女人处于绝经中。
17.如权利要求10所述的用途,其中式I的化合物是选自:
2-苯基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-苯甲酰氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-异丙氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-异丙氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-(4-甲基苯甲酰基)氧苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-异丙氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-异丙氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-异丙氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-异丙氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-苯甲酰氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-苯甲酰氧基苯基)-6-苯甲酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-环戊氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-环戊氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-环戊氧基苯基)-6-环戊氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-丁酰氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-环戊氧基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
或其溶剂化物。
18.如权利要求9所述的用途,其中所述式I化合物是2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩,同时所述式II化合物是盐酸雷洛昔芬,所述雌激素缺乏综合征的病变是骨质疏松症。
20.如权利要求19所述的制剂,其中含有0.001-60mg的其中R和R1独立地为羟基或甲氧基的式I化合物或其溶剂化物,以及1-120mg式II化合物盐酸雷洛昔芬。
21.如权利要求20所述的制剂,其中所述式I化合物是2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩,或其溶剂化物。
22.如权利要求21所述的制剂,其中含有0.001-1mg的式I化合物或其溶剂化物,以及59-59.999mg盐酸雷洛昔芬。
23.如权利要求22所述的制剂,其中含有0.001-0.1mg的式I化合物或其溶剂化物,以及59.1-59.999mg盐酸雷洛昔芬。
24.如权利要求19所述的制剂,其中式I化合物选自:
2-苯基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-苯甲酰氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-异丙氧基苯基)苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-异丙氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-苯基-6-(4-甲基苯甲酰基)氧苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-异丙氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-异丙氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-异丙氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-异丙氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-乙酰氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-苯甲酰氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-苯甲酰氧基苯基)-6-苯甲酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-环戊氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-环戊氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-环戊氧基苯基)-6-环戊氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-丁酰氧基苯基)-6-羟基苯并[b]噻吩;
2-(4-环戊氧基苯基)-6-乙酰氧基苯并[b]噻吩;
或其溶剂化物。
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USRE39049E1 (en) | 1992-07-28 | 2006-03-28 | Eli Lilly And Company | Methods for inhibiting bone loss |
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USRE38968E1 (en) | 1992-07-28 | 2006-02-07 | Eli Lilly And Company | Methods for inhibiting bone loss using 6-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-benzo[b]thien-3-yl-4-[2-(piperidin-1-yl) ethoxyphenylimethanone hydrochloride |
US5478847A (en) | 1994-03-02 | 1995-12-26 | Eli Lilly And Company | Methods of use for inhibiting bone loss and lowering serum cholesterol |
US6096781A (en) | 1997-11-14 | 2000-08-01 | Eli Lilly And Company | 2-arylbenzo[B]thiophenes useful for the treatment of estrogen deprivation syndrome |
US6258826B1 (en) | 1998-10-13 | 2001-07-10 | Eli Lilly And Company | Pharmaceutical formulations and applications thereof for the treatment of estrogen deprivation syndrome |
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CN102978236B (zh) * | 2002-02-20 | 2015-09-09 | J·R·西姆普罗特公司 | 精确育种 |
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1998
- 1998-11-04 US US09/185,927 patent/US6096781A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-07 TW TW087118568A patent/TW467909B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-09 JP JP2000521090A patent/JP2001523676A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-11-09 HU HU0004731A patent/HUP0004731A3/hu unknown
- 1998-11-09 IL IL13551198A patent/IL135511A0/xx unknown
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- 1998-11-09 CN CN98810962A patent/CN1109683C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-09 WO PCT/US1998/023719 patent/WO1999025707A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-11-09 KR KR1020007005002A patent/KR20010031903A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-11-09 BR BR9813996-7A patent/BR9813996A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-09 ZA ZA9810214A patent/ZA9810214B/xx unknown
- 1998-11-09 EA EA200000519A patent/EA003471B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-09 CA CA002309859A patent/CA2309859A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-09 PL PL98340431A patent/PL340431A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-11-09 TR TR2000/01288T patent/TR200001288T2/xx unknown
- 1998-11-09 AU AU13861/99A patent/AU748395B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-11-09 ID IDW20000835A patent/ID26865A/id unknown
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EA200000519A1 (ru) | 2000-10-30 |
AU748395B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
ID26865A (id) | 2001-02-15 |
NO20002371D0 (no) | 2000-05-05 |
ZA9810214B (en) | 2000-05-09 |
KR20010031903A (ko) | 2001-04-16 |
EA003471B1 (ru) | 2003-06-26 |
BR9813996A (pt) | 2000-09-26 |
TR200001288T2 (tr) | 2000-09-21 |
HUP0004731A3 (en) | 2003-01-28 |
CA2309859A1 (en) | 1999-05-27 |
IL135511A0 (en) | 2001-05-20 |
JP2001523676A (ja) | 2001-11-27 |
HRP20000288A2 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
AU1386199A (en) | 1999-06-07 |
WO1999025707A1 (en) | 1999-05-27 |
PL340431A1 (en) | 2001-02-12 |
US6395769B1 (en) | 2002-05-28 |
NZ503988A (en) | 2001-09-28 |
CN1278811A (zh) | 2001-01-03 |
TW467909B (en) | 2001-12-11 |
NO20002371L (no) | 2000-07-05 |
US6096781A (en) | 2000-08-01 |
HUP0004731A2 (hu) | 2001-08-28 |
EP0920862A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 |
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