CN110870471A - Out-of-season feeding method for breeding crayfishes - Google Patents
Out-of-season feeding method for breeding crayfishes Download PDFInfo
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- CN110870471A CN110870471A CN201811016505.1A CN201811016505A CN110870471A CN 110870471 A CN110870471 A CN 110870471A CN 201811016505 A CN201811016505 A CN 201811016505A CN 110870471 A CN110870471 A CN 110870471A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The anti-season crayfish breeding method comprises a crayfish pond, a steel frame greenhouse, a greenhouse door, LED lamps, a thin film, a slope step, a pool body, a lime and sand mixed layer, cobblestones, plastic mesh cloth, a pedestrian path, a water outlet, a water delivery pipe, a water inlet pump, an underground water pipe and a water outlet pump, wherein the crayfish pond is provided with a central deep water area and peripheral shallow water areas, a base layer is formed by the lime and sand mixed layer, the plastic mesh cloth covers the base layer, the cobblestones and the alunite are laid on the plastic mesh cloth, the steel frame greenhouse with an arc-shaped structure is arranged at the upper part of the crayfish pond, the thin film layer covers the greenhouse framework, the LED lamps are arranged inside the greenhouse, the water outlet pump is arranged at the left side of the greenhouse, the water inlet pump is arranged at the right side of the steel frame. By adopting the out-of-season feeding method, the crayfishes can be bred into the crayfishes in winter or summer, the survival rate is high, the cost is low, the yield is improved, and the economic benefit is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aquaculture technology, in particular to an out-of-season crayfish breeding method.
Background
The crayfish is a food material which is liked by people, has high protein content in the body, is soft in meat quality and easy to digest, and is an excellent food for people who are weak and need to be recuperated after illness. The shrimp meat is rich in trace elements such as magnesium, zinc, iodine and selenium, the magnesium has an important regulating effect on heart activity, can protect a cardiovascular system, can reduce the content of cholesterol in blood, prevent arteriosclerosis, can expand coronary artery, and is beneficial to the effect of preventing hypertension and myocardial infarction. The crayfish-made food has the characteristics of rich nutrition and delicious taste and is widely popular with eaters, however, the hole-punching biological characteristics of the crayfish cause the current situation of breeding crayfish without large specification in summer and little live crayfish in winter, and the crayfish bred by the prior art generally adopts a greenhouse to breed the crayfish, adopts electric heating, has large power consumption, is not energy-saving, has higher breeding cost, and cannot accept the high cost for the crayfish with not too high relative price at present, particularly in winter. Particularly, the weather is cold in winter, and the crayfishes are rare, so that the requirements of people on dining tables cannot be met. In order to solve the problems, scientific research units and scientific personnel of breeding enterprises continuously research and explore, and the crayfish is bred in an 'scientific innovation' out of season mode, so that people can eat delicious crayfish in winter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide an out-of-season feeding method for breeding crayfishes. The invention keeps the temperature through the greenhouse effect of the film, maintains the temperature of the environment and the water body in the greenhouse by adopting sunlight as heat-preservation energy, realizes warmness in winter and coolness in summer by utilizing the difference between underground water and room temperature, does not use temperature control equipment, adopts a scientific method for culturing crayfish out of season, uses a bottom oxygenation technology and a micro-ecological water transfer technology in the whole process, changes the bottom technology to reduce the morbidity, ensures that the crayfish can be cultured into the crayfish in winter or summer, has high survival rate and low cost, improves the yield and increases the economic benefit.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: comprises a lobster pond, a steel frame greenhouse, a greenhouse door, LED lamps, films, slope steps, a pool body, a lime and sand mixing layer, cobblestones, plastic mesh cloth, a pedestrian path, a water outlet, a water delivery pipe, a water inlet pump, an underground water pipe and a water outlet pump, wherein the lobster pond comprises a central deep water area and a peripheral shallow water area, an inclined plane transition is arranged between the two areas, the two sides of the lobster pond are respectively provided with the slope steps and the pedestrian path which are parallel to the ground, a substrate layer is formed by the lime and sand mixing layer, a layer of plastic mesh cloth is covered on the lime and sand mixing layer, a layer of cobblestones and alunite is laid on the plastic mesh cloth, the upper part of the lobster pond is provided with the steel frame greenhouse with an arc structure, the steel frame greenhouse is arranged in a south-north trend, the film layer is covered on the steel frame greenhouse framework, the greenhouse door is positioned at the central position of the front and, the right side of the steel frame greenhouse is provided with a water inlet pump, the water inlet pump is provided with a water delivery pipe and a water outlet, and the water inlet pump is communicated with an underground water pipe, so that the structure for culturing the lobster pond is formed.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
selecting and constructing a lobster pond, namely selecting a pond with sufficient water source and no sludge, wherein the pond comprises a central shallow water area and peripheral deep water areas, the depth of the deep water area is 1.8-2.2 m, the depth of the shallow water area is 0.8-1 m, the lobster pond is formed by artificial construction, and the lobster pond and the deep water area are in inclined plane transition; the two sides of the pond are respectively provided with a slope step and a pedestrian path which are parallel to the ground, and the bottom layer in the pond is composed of a lime and sand mixing layer. The crayfish pond is characterized in that in order to fix a firm foundation and prevent the foundation from sinking, the side wall and the bottom of the pond body are covered by plastic mesh cloth, so that crayfish are prevented from digging holes in the crayfish pond, the crayfish has a biological habit that the crayfish can dig holes at a high temperature of more than 32 ℃ and a low temperature of less than 5 ℃, the plastic mesh cloth is arranged, later-stage fishing is easy to carry out, a layer of cobblestones and alumite are laid on the plastic mesh cloth, impurities are adsorbed, and the alumite can play a role in purifying water quality;
a greenhouse is built above the pond, the greenhouse is an arc-shaped steel frame greenhouse, the top height of the steel frame greenhouse is 15m, the span of the steel frame greenhouse is 30m, the steel frame greenhouse frameworks are arranged in a north-south direction, the total length of the steel frame greenhouse is 50m, a film covers the steel frame greenhouse frameworks, a beam is fixedly arranged in the greenhouse top, an LED lamp is fixedly arranged on the beam, and the steel frame greenhouse door is located in the center of the front end face and the rear end face of the steel frame greenhouse. A water outlet pump is arranged on the left side of the steel frame greenhouse, a water inlet pump is arranged on the right side of the steel frame greenhouse, a water delivery pipe and a water outlet are arranged on the water inlet pump, the water inlet pump is communicated with an underground water pipe, and a 30-50-mesh filter screen is arranged at the water outlet;
the lobster pond disinfection treatment comprises the following steps: draining water in the lobster pond, removing natural enemy organisms of the lobsters, drying the lobsters in the sun for 3-5 days to obtain an empty lobster pond, then putting the lobster pond into clear water, filtering the water by using a 80-mesh bolting silk filter screen when adding the water to prevent harmful insects from entering, planting waterweeds after disinfecting each mu by using bleaching powder, putting slow-release nutrient substances, placing a shelter, and adjusting the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen and the PH value of the lobster pond to obtain a cultured lobster pond;
the aquatic weed planting: the aquatic weeds in the lobster pond are water hyacinth and water peanuts, the coverage area of the water hyacinth accounts for 60-70% of the water area of the lobster pond, and the water hyacinth is separated by ropes to leave a blank area. A part of the peanuts are fixed around for supplement. The blank area is used for oxygenation, catching and throwing in a ground cage and the like;
the method comprises the following steps of: selecting 80-120 shrimp seedlings in each kilogram, putting the shrimp seedlings into the lobster breeding pond prepared in the step 2, feeding the feed, and feeding the crayfish with the feeding amount of about 5% of the weight of the lobsters every day, wherein the specific feeding amount is adjusted according to the eating condition of the randomly checked bait; in the feeding process, the water quality, the water temperature, the aquatic plants and the activities of the crayfish in the lobster pond need to be observed;
the water is changed regularly: the right side of the greenhouse is provided with a water inlet pump, clean underground water is added into lobsters through the water inlet pump, the pH value in the lobster pond is ensured to be 7.5-8.5, the transparency in the lobster pond is 30-38 cm, and a bottom oxygenation technology and a micro-ecological water transfer and bottom changing technology are used in the whole process, so that the water quality index is controlled within a normal value range. The water outlet pump is arranged on the left side of the steel frame greenhouse, the conveying pipe of the water outlet pump is directly placed into the wastewater tank, and the wastewater containing residual baits and the excrement of the lobsters in the lobster tank is pumped out through the water outlet pump, so that the water quality in the tank is guaranteed.
The water temperature control: in winter, the proper temperature of the crayfish is controlled to be 15-20 ℃ between 10 late ten days and 3 months in the next year. The temperature of the lobster pond is preserved through the greenhouse effect of the film, the sunlight is used as heat preservation energy to maintain the temperature of the environment and the water body in the steel frame greenhouse, heat preservation equipment is not needed to be arranged in the steel frame greenhouse, heating is not needed, the physical principle that underground water is warm in winter and cool in summer is utilized, the temperature of the underground water is higher than that of indoor air in winter, and the underground water transfers heat to the air, so that the air temperature is increased; the temperature of the groundwater is lower than that of the indoor air in summer, and the air transfers heat to the groundwater, so that the temperature is reduced. In winter, underground water is pumped by a water pump and enters an indoor water pipe, and the heating is realized by utilizing the temperature difference between the underground water and indoor air, so that the heating effect is achieved. Meanwhile, dense water hyacinth is planted on the water surface, so that the heat is further preserved, and the normal growth of the crayfish is ensured. In summer, the proper temperature of the crayfishes is 22-26 ℃ between 3 months in the next year and before fishing, underground water is pumped by a water pump and enters an indoor water pipe, and the temperature difference between the underground water and indoor air is utilized to realize refrigeration, so that the cooling effect is achieved, meanwhile, a film of the steel frame greenhouse is uncovered, the water depth of 2 meters and the strong root system of the water hyacinth are utilized to shade and cool, and large-size finished crayfishes on the market can be out of season in 7-8 months.
The whole process uses complete feed: the protein requirement is 32 protein contents in the early stage, 30 protein contents in the middle stage and 28 protein contents in the later stage. The lactobacillus is properly used for mixing materials to improve the intestinal structure and prevent enteritis.
Fishing: after the crayfish reaches the catching specification, the crayfish is caught to be sold in the market.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: an out-of-season crayfish breeding method, a used greenhouse can be used for breeding large-size crayfish all the year round, and the utilization rate of land and a factory building is greatly increased; the water temperature is controlled in an optimum range according to the life habit and growth characteristics of the crayfish, the situation similar to the situation that a large amount of high-temperature bacteria are bred in summer can not occur, the blue algae flooding can be effectively inhibited, and meanwhile, the situation of cold and hot alternation can not occur, so that the crayfish grows in a relatively stable environment, the stress is greatly reduced, the morbidity of the crayfish is effectively reduced, and the yield of the crayfish is improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lobster pond for the out-of-season crayfish breeding method,
in fig. 1: 1. the artificial breeding pond comprises a lobster pond, a steel frame greenhouse 2, a greenhouse door 3, an LED lamp 4, a film 5, a slope step 6, a pond body 7, a lime and sand mixing layer 8, a cobble and alunite 9, a plastic mesh 10, a pedestrian path 11, a water outlet 12, a water delivery pipe 13, a water inlet pump 14, an underground water pipe 15 and a water outlet pump 16.
Detailed Description
An out-of-season crayfish breeding method comprises a lobster pond 1 comprising a central deep water region and peripheral shallow water regions with an inclined surface therebetween, the two sides of the base are respectively provided with a slope step 6 which is level with the ground and a pedestrian path 11, the base layer is composed of a lime and sand mixing layer 8, the lobster pond with the water-cooling function is characterized in that a layer of plastic mesh cloth 10 covers the lime and sand mixing layer 8, a layer of cobblestones and alumite 9 is laid on the plastic mesh cloth 10, the upper portion of the lobster pond 1 is provided with an arc-shaped steel frame greenhouse 2, frameworks of the steel frame greenhouse 2 are arranged in a north-south direction, a film 5 layer covers the steel frame greenhouse 2, a greenhouse door 3 is located in the central position of the front end face and the rear end face of the steel frame greenhouse 2, an LED lamp 4 is arranged inside the steel frame greenhouse, a water outlet pump 16 is arranged on the left side of the steel frame greenhouse 2, a water inlet pump 14 is arranged on the right side of the steel frame greenhouse, a.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
a lobster pond for breeding the crayfish in the out-of-season feeding method is characterized in that a lobster pond 1 is selected and constructed, a pond with sufficient water source and no sludge is selected, the pond comprises a central shallow water area and peripheral deep water areas, the depth of the deep water area is 1.8-2.2 m, the depth of the shallow water area is 0.8-1 m, the lobster pond is formed by artificial construction, and the lobster pond and the shallow water area are in inclined plane transition; and the two sides of the lobster pond are respectively provided with a slope step 6 which is level with the ground and a pedestrian path 11, and the bottom layer in the lobster pond 1 is formed by a lime and sand mixing layer 8. The function of the lobster pond is to fix the foundation firmly and prevent the foundation from sinking, the side wall and the bottom of the pond body 7 are covered by the plastic mesh cloth 10, so that the crayfish is prevented from digging a hole in the lobster pond 1, the crayfish has a biological habit that the hole can be dug at a high temperature of over 32 ℃ and a low temperature of below 5 ℃, the plastic mesh cloth 10 is arranged, the crayfish is easy to catch in the later period, a layer of cobblestones and alunite 9 are laid on the plastic mesh cloth 10 to absorb impurities, and the alunite can play a role in purifying water quality; a greenhouse is built above the pond, the greenhouse is an arc-shaped steel frame greenhouse 2, the top height of the steel frame greenhouse 2 is 15m, the span of the steel frame greenhouse 2 is 30m, the frameworks of the steel frame greenhouse 2 are arranged in a north-south direction, the total length of the steel frame greenhouse is 50m, a film 5 covers the frameworks of the steel frame greenhouse 2, a beam is fixedly arranged in the greenhouse top, an LED lamp 4 is fixedly arranged on the beam, and the steel frame greenhouse 2 is located in the center of the front end face and the rear end face of the steel frame greenhouse 2. The left side of the steel frame greenhouse 2 is provided with a water outlet pump 16, the right side of the steel frame greenhouse 2 is provided with a water inlet pump 14, the water inlet pump 14 is provided with a water delivery pipe 13 and a water outlet 12, the water inlet pump 14 is communicated with an underground water pipe 15, and the water outlet 12 is provided with a 30-50-mesh filter screen;
the lobster pond disinfection treatment comprises the following steps: draining water in the lobster pond, removing natural enemy organisms of the lobsters, drying the lobsters in the sun for 3-5 days to obtain an empty lobster pond, then putting the lobster pond into clear water, filtering the water by using a 80-mesh bolting silk filter screen when adding the water to prevent harmful insects from entering, planting waterweeds after disinfecting each mu by using bleaching powder, putting slow-release nutrient substances, placing a shelter, and adjusting the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen and the PH value of the lobster pond to obtain a cultured lobster pond;
the aquatic weed planting: the aquatic weeds in the lobster pond 1 are water hyacinth and water peanuts, the coverage area of the water hyacinth accounts for 60-70% of the water area of the lobster pond 1, and the water hyacinth is separated by a rope to leave a blank area. A part of the peanuts are fixed around for supplement. The blank area is used for oxygenation, catching and throwing in a ground cage and the like.
The method comprises the following steps of: selecting 80-120 shrimp seedlings in each kilogram, putting the shrimp seedlings into the lobster breeding pond prepared in the step 2, feeding the feed, and feeding the crayfish with the feeding amount of about 5% of the weight of the lobsters every day, wherein the specific feeding amount is adjusted according to the eating condition of the randomly checked bait; in the feeding process, the water quality, the water temperature, the aquatic weeds and the activities of the crayfish in the lobster pond 1 need to be observed;
the water is changed regularly: the water inlet pump 14 is arranged on the right side of the greenhouse, clean underground water is added into the lobsters through the water inlet pump 14, the pH value in the lobster pond 1 is ensured to be 7.5-8.5, the transparency in the lobster pond 1 is 30-38 cm, and a bottom oxygenation technology and a micro-ecological water transfer and bottom changing technology are used in the whole process, so that the water quality index is controlled within a normal value range. The left side of the steel frame greenhouse 2 is provided with a water outlet pump 16, a conveying pipe 13 of the water outlet pump 16 is directly placed in a wastewater pond, and wastewater containing residual baits and lobsters in the lobster pond 1 is pumped out through the water outlet pump 16, so that the water quality in the pond is guaranteed.
The water temperature control: in winter, the proper temperature of the crayfish is controlled to be 15-20 ℃ between 10 late ten days and 3 months in the next year. The temperature of the lobster pond 1 is preserved through the greenhouse effect of the film 5, the sunlight is used as heat preservation energy to maintain the temperature of the environment and the water body in the steel frame greenhouse, heat preservation equipment is not needed to be arranged in the steel frame greenhouse, heating is not needed, the pond body 7 is dug downwards for more than 2 meters, the physical principle that underground water is warm in winter and cool in summer is utilized, the temperature of the underground water is higher than that of indoor air in winter, and the underground water transfers heat to the air, so that the air temperature is increased; the temperature of the groundwater is lower than that of the indoor air in summer, and the air transfers heat to the groundwater, so that the temperature is reduced. In winter, underground water is pumped by a water pump and enters an indoor water pipe, and the heating is realized by utilizing the temperature difference between the underground water and indoor air, so that the heating effect is achieved. Meanwhile, dense water hyacinth is planted on the water surface, so that the heat is further preserved, and the normal growth of the crayfish is ensured. In summer, the proper temperature of the crayfishes is 22-26 ℃ between 3 months in the next year and before fishing, underground water is pumped by a water pump and enters an indoor water pipe, and the temperature difference between the underground water and indoor air is utilized to realize refrigeration, so that the cooling effect is achieved, meanwhile, the film 5 of the steel frame greenhouse 2 is uncovered, the water depth of 2 meters and the strong root system of the water hyacinth are utilized to shade and cool, and large-sized finished shrimps on the market can be sold in an out-of-season manner within 7-8 months.
The whole process uses complete feed: the protein requirement is 32 protein contents in the early stage, 30 protein contents in the middle stage and 28 protein contents in the later stage. The lactobacillus is properly used for mixing materials to improve the intestinal structure and prevent enteritis.
Fishing: after the crayfish reaches the catching specification, the crayfish is caught to be sold in the market.
The lobster pond 1 for the out-of-season crayfish breeding method has the advantages that the used greenhouse can be used for breeding large-size crayfish all the year round, and the utilization rate of land and a factory building is greatly increased; the water temperature is controlled in an optimum range according to the life habit and growth characteristics of the crayfish, the situation similar to the situation that a large amount of high-temperature bacteria are bred in summer can not occur, the blue algae flooding can be effectively inhibited, and meanwhile, the situation of cold and hot alternation can not occur, so that the crayfish grows in a relatively stable environment, the stress is greatly reduced, the morbidity of the crayfish is effectively reduced, and the yield of the crayfish is improved.
Claims (8)
1. The anti-season crayfish breeding method comprises a crayfish pond, a steel frame greenhouse, a shed door, an LED lamp, a film, a slope step, a pool body, a lime and sand mixing layer, cobblestones, plastic mesh cloth, a pedestrian path, a water outlet, a water delivery pipe, a water inlet pump, an underground water pipe and a water outlet pump, and is characterized in that: the lobster pond comprises a deep water area and a shallow water area, wherein the deep water area is arranged in the center, the shallow water area is arranged around the deep water area, an inclined plane is arranged between the deep water area and the shallow water area, the inclined plane is used for transition, a slope step and a pedestrian path are respectively arranged on two sides of the lobster pond, the slope step and the pedestrian path are parallel to the ground, one layer of subbase is formed by mixing lime and sand, one layer of plastic mesh is covered on the lime and sand mixing layer, one layer of cobblestone and alunite is laid on the plastic mesh, the steel frame greenhouse with an arc-shaped structure is arranged on the upper portion of the lobster pond, the steel frame greenhouse framework is arranged in a south-north direction, the thin film layer is covered on the steel frame greenhouse framework, the greenhouse door is located in the center position of the front end face.
2. The out-of-season crayfish breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lobster pond is selected and constructed as follows: selecting a pond with sufficient water source and no sludge, wherein the pond comprises a central shallow water area and peripheral deep water areas, the depth of the deep water area is 1.8-2.2 m, the depth of the shallow water area is 0.8-1 m, the pond is formed by artificial construction, and the pond and the shallow water area are in inclined surface transition; the two sides of the pond are respectively provided with a slope step and a pedestrian path which are parallel to the ground, and the bottom layer in the pond is composed of a lime and sand mixing layer.
3. The out-of-season crayfish breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lobster pond is disinfected: draining water in the lobster pond, removing natural enemy organisms of the lobsters, drying the lobsters in the sun for 3-5 days to obtain an empty lobster pond, then putting the lobster pond into clear water, filtering the water by using a filter screen made of 80-mesh bolting silk when adding water, planting waterweeds after disinfecting the water by using bleaching powder per mu, putting in slow-release nutrient substances, and placing a shelter.
4. The out-of-season crayfish breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aquatic weed planting: the aquatic weeds in the lobster pond are water hyacinth and water peanuts, the coverage area of the water hyacinth accounts for 60-70% of the water area of the lobster pond, and the water hyacinth is separated by ropes to leave a blank area.
5. The out-of-season crayfish breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the breeding: and (3) putting 80-120 crayfish fries into the lobster cultivation pond prepared in the step (2), feeding the crayfish with the feed in an amount of about 5% of the weight of the lobsters every day.
6. The out-of-season crayfish breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the timing water changing: the right side of the greenhouse is provided with a water inlet pump, clean underground water is added into the lobsters through the water inlet pump, the pH value in the lobster pond is ensured to be 7.5-8.5, and the transparency in the lobster pond is 30-38 cm.
7. The out-of-season crayfish breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water temperature control: in winter, the proper temperature of the crayfish is controlled to be 15-20 ℃ between 10 late ten days and 3 months in the next year.
8. The out-of-season crayfish breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the whole process uses complete feed: the protein requirement is 32 protein contents in the early stage, 30 protein contents in the middle stage and 28 protein contents in the later stage.
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