CN110862511A - 聚氨酯基光敏树脂及制备方法与其在3d打印中的应用 - Google Patents

聚氨酯基光敏树脂及制备方法与其在3d打印中的应用 Download PDF

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CN110862511A
CN110862511A CN201911243287.XA CN201911243287A CN110862511A CN 110862511 A CN110862511 A CN 110862511A CN 201911243287 A CN201911243287 A CN 201911243287A CN 110862511 A CN110862511 A CN 110862511A
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迟虹
宋秀环
李天铎
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Qilu University of Technology
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Abstract

本公开提供了聚氨酯基光敏树脂及制备方法与其在3D打印中的应用,聚氨酯基光敏树脂的制备方法为:以多异氰酸酯和多元醇作为原料进行预聚合获得预聚物,将预聚物与丙烯酸羟酯进行异氰酸酯与羟基的反应获得聚氨酯基光敏树脂;所述多异氰酸酯选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、间苯二甲基二异氰酸酯,所述多元醇选自聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇)、二乙二醇、二(2‑羟丙基)醚、三乙二醇、七聚乙二醇、1,5‑戊二醇、五甘醇,所述丙烯酸羟酯选自丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、4‑羟基丁基丙烯酸酯。

Description

聚氨酯基光敏树脂及制备方法与其在3D打印中的应用
技术领域
本公开属于3D打印墨水技术领域,涉及光敏树脂的制备,具体涉及聚氨酯基光敏树脂及制备方法与其在3D打印中的应用。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本公开的总体背景的理解,而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
3D打印,也称为增材制造(AM),因为它允许使用精确定义的微架构来创建复杂的三维几何形状,从而实现新的功能或改进的性能,在不同的研究领域引起了极大的关注。已经开发的3D打印技术,如熔融沉积成型(FDM),直接墨水书写(DIW),选择性激光烧结(SLS)和立体光刻(SLA),数字光处理(DLP)技术被认为是低成本和高通量的增材制造技术。其中DLP印刷基于局部光聚合过程,该过程由紫外线辐射触发并发生在含有液体单体,低聚物和光引发剂的浴中。它可以产生各种高度复杂的三维结构,从微尺度到中尺度,具有微尺度结构和亚微米精度。
在过去几年中,研究人员在DLP印刷技术方面取得了令人兴奋的进步,例如提供微/亚微米印刷分辨率的影微立体光刻技术、连续液体界面产生的高速打印速度和从纳米到厘米七个数量级的3D特征。然而,DLP兼容的高性能多功能材料的开发仍然相对有限。
商业化可UV固化弹性体适用于与UV固化相关的3D打印技术。UV固化材料主要是基于丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的树脂。然而,这类树脂仍然具有很大的局限性。由于这些聚合物固有的较差性能,大多数这些印刷品不能直接用作设备的一部分,例如航空,航天和汽车等需要高热稳定性,机械性能和耐溶剂性的特殊领域。有限的可印刷树脂严重限制了革命性3D打印技术的实际应用。例如常见的双酚A环氧丙烯酸酯,其存在粘度高、柔韧性差和固化膜脆等缺陷。其次,机械可调性不高,不利于调整机械性能,即杨氏模量低。
发明内容
聚氨酯基光敏树脂作为一种UV固化低聚物,具有易与其他树脂混合、固化膜柔韧性好、硬度范围广、随着硬度的增加,其产品仍保持良好的弹性和耐磨性、机械强度高,机械可调性好、良好的生物相容性,适用于(生物)医疗装置的高分辨率原型制造和制造、良好的耐候性,加工性能好,防霉等诸多优点。
为了解决现有技术的不足,本公开的目的是提供聚氨酯基光敏树脂及制备方法与其在3D打印中的应用。
为了实现上述目的,本公开的技术方案为:
一方面,一种聚氨酯基光敏树脂的制备方法,以多异氰酸酯和多元醇作为原料进行预聚合获得预聚物,将预聚物与丙烯酸羟酯进行异氰酸酯与羟基的反应获得聚氨酯基光敏树脂;所述多异氰酸酯选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、间苯二甲基二异氰酸酯,所述多元醇选自聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、二乙二醇、二(2-羟丙基)醚、三乙二醇、七聚乙二醇、1,5-戊二醇、五甘醇,所述丙烯酸羟酯选自丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、4-羟基丁基丙烯酸酯。
本公开先将多异氰酸酯和多元醇制备聚氨酯的预聚物,然后利用预聚物末端的异氰酸酯基团与丙烯酸羟酯进行反应,将聚氨酯进行修饰,制备过程简单,同时利用该聚氨酯基光敏树能够与脂丙烯酸酯进行共聚,从而提高3D打印模型的力学性能和耐溶剂性能。
另一方面,一种聚氨酯基光敏树脂,由上述制备方法获得。
第三方面,一种上述聚氨酯基光敏树脂在3D打印中的应用。
经过实验发现,采用本公开的聚氨酯基光敏树脂进行3D打印,其打印后的产品耐溶剂性能较好,而且具有较好的热稳定性。
第四方面,一种3D打印墨水,包括上述聚氨酯基光敏树脂、丙烯酸酯、光引发剂。
本公开的有益效果为:
1.本公开的制备方法的过程仅需要预聚成聚氨酯预聚物,然后对聚氨酯预聚物进行双键修饰,制备过程简单,无需添加其他化学试剂,易于工业化生产。
2.本公开制备的聚氨酯基光敏树脂作为3D打印墨水的成分之一,能够大大降低丙烯酸酯的使用量,经过实验表明,采用本公开的聚氨酯基光敏树脂进行3D打印,其打印后的产品耐溶剂性能较好,而且具有较好的热稳定性和力学性能。
附图说明
构成本公开的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解,本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开,并不构成对本公开的不当限定。
图1为本公开实施例1制备的聚氨酯基光敏树脂和预聚体的红外图谱;
图2为本公开实施例1制备的聚氨酯基光敏树脂和预聚体的核磁氢谱图;
图3为本公开实施例1制备的聚氨酯基光敏树脂和预聚体的核磁碳谱图;
图4为本公开实施例1的3D打印墨水进行3D打印的模型图片;
图5为本公开实施例1的3D打印墨水进行3D打印的模型拉伸测试表征图;
图6为本公开实施例1的3D打印墨水进行3D打印的模型热稳定性测试表征图;
图7为本公开实施例1的3D打印墨水进行3D打印的模型耐水性测试表征图;
图8为本公开实施例1的3D打印墨水进行3D打印的模型耐醇性测试表征图。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是示例性的,旨在对本公开提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本公开所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本公开的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
本公开提出了聚氨酯基光敏树脂及制备方法与其在3D打印中的应用。
本公开的一种典型实施方式,提供了一种聚氨酯基光敏树脂的制备方法,以多异氰酸酯和多元醇作为原料进行预聚合获得预聚物,将预聚物与丙烯酸羟酯进行异氰酸酯与羟基的反应获得聚氨酯基光敏树脂;所述多异氰酸酯选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、间苯二甲基二异氰酸酯,所述多元醇选自聚乙二醇(分子量200~800)、聚丙二醇(分子量200~1000)、二乙二醇、二(2-羟丙基)醚、三乙二醇、七聚乙二醇、1,5-戊二醇、五甘醇,所述丙烯酸羟酯选自丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、4-羟基丁基丙烯酸酯。
该实施方式的一种或多种实施例中,多异氰酸酯为甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯,多元醇为聚丙二醇(分子量为400),丙烯酸羟酯为丙烯酸羟乙酯。
该实施方式的一种或多种实施例中,预聚合的过程为:将多异氰酸酯溶液加热,再滴加多元醇溶液,保温反应设定时间,去除溶剂后获得预聚物。
该系列实施例中,多异氰酸酯溶液的溶剂为丙酮。
该系列实施例中,多元醇溶液的溶剂为丙酮。
该系列实施例中,加热至80~85℃,保温反应时间为3.5~4.5h。
该系列实施例中,保温反应后,先蒸发去除一部分溶剂,再加入无水乙醚进行洗涤,然后蒸发获得预聚物。
该实施方式的一种或多种实施例中,预聚物与丙烯酸羟酯进行反应的步骤为:将预聚物的溶液加热,加入丙烯酸羟酯,保温反应,去除溶剂获得聚氨酯基光敏树脂。
该系列实施例中,加热40~50℃,保温反应时间为14~16h。
该系列实施例中,反应结束后蒸发去除溶剂,再加入无水乙醚进行洗涤,然后将多余的无水乙醚蒸发获得聚氨酯基光敏树脂。
本公开的另一种实施方式,提供了一种聚氨酯基光敏树脂,由上述制备方法获得。
本公开的第三种实施方式,提供了一种上述聚氨酯基光敏树脂在3D打印中的应用。
本公开的第四种实施方式,提供了一种3D打印墨水,包括上述聚氨酯基光敏树脂、丙烯酸酯、光引发剂。
该实施方式的一种或多种实施例中,丙烯酸酯为丙烯酸-2-甲氧乙基酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯或丙烯酸异冰片酯。
该实施方式的一种或多种实施例中,光引发剂为2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮(光引发剂-1173)、1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮(光引发剂-184)、2-甲基-2-(4-吗啉基)-1-[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-1-丙酮(光引发剂-907)、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化膦(光引发剂-TPO)、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基苯基膦酸乙酯(光引发剂-TPO-L)、2-二甲氨基-2-苄基-1-[4-(4-吗啉基)苯基]-1-丁酮(光引发剂-369)、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-1-丙酮(光引发剂-2959)、苯基双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)氧化膦(光引发剂-819)。
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本公开的技术方案,以下将结合具体的实施例与对比例详细说明本公开的技术方案。
实施例1
聚氨酯预聚体的制备:
将2mmol甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)和40mL丙酮加入烧瓶中,升温到80℃,在80℃下连续搅拌并持续滴加一段时间1mmol聚丙二醇-400(PPG-400)(溶于15mL丙酮中)于烧瓶中,保持温度反应4~6小时。将反应物蒸去多余溶剂,得到粘稠液体,并加入无水乙醚进行多次洗涤,除去未反应物质,蒸发溶剂得到最后预聚产物。
聚氨酯基光敏树脂的制备:
将1mmol聚氨酯预聚物溶解于40mL丙酮并超声使其彻底溶解,溶液置于烧瓶中并温度升至45℃,取2mmol丙烯酸羟乙酯(HA)加入烧瓶,搅拌加热15小时,反应结束后将多余溶剂蒸发,加入无水乙醚多次洗涤,蒸发无水乙醚得到粘稠透明的聚氨酯基光敏树脂。
3D打印墨水的制备:
取10wt%聚氨酯基光敏树脂于烧杯中,向烧杯中加入89wt%丙烯酸-2-甲氧乙基酯,超声一段时间直至完全混匀,以此稀释浓度,取1wt%光引发剂-184溶于混合后的溶液中,超声至光引发剂完全溶解获得3D打印墨水,其余30wt%、50wt%聚氨酯基光敏树脂的3D打印墨水分别按照配比30wt%聚氨酯基光敏树,69wt%丙烯酸-2-甲氧乙基酯和50wt%聚氨酯基光敏树,49wt%丙烯酸-2-甲氧乙基酯进行配制外,其余按相同方法制备。
图1为聚氨酯基光敏树脂和预聚体的红外图谱,该图表明合成的聚氨酯基光敏树脂与聚氨酯预聚体相比2245cm-1处的-NCO异氰酸酯基的消失证明了预聚体中的异氰酸酯基与丙烯酸羟乙酯中的-OH羟基完全反应,同时1640cm-1处C=C双键伸缩振动的出现和810cm-1处C=C弯曲振动的出现,也证明了C=C双键出现在聚氨酯基光敏树脂中,综上证明了聚氨酯基光敏树脂的合成。
图2为聚氨酯基光敏树脂和预聚体的1H NMR,从该图可以得出a、b处的胺基震动峰的出现代表了内部氨基甲酸酯基团的生成,同时c、d处C=C双键震动峰的出现证明了合成带有C=C双键基团的聚氨酯基光敏树脂。
图3为聚氨酯基光敏树脂和预聚体的13C NMR,从该图可以得出g、h处为聚氨酯预聚体中氨基甲酸酯中C的振动峰、f处为的出现代表了NCO中C的振动峰,对比聚氨酯基光敏树脂的核磁C谱,a、b处为C=C双键的振动峰,c为与C=C双键相连的C=O中C的振动峰,d、e处为聚氨酯基光敏树脂中氨基甲酸酯中C的振动峰。各震动峰的出现证明了合成带有C=C双键基团的聚氨酯基光敏树脂。
利用本实施例制备的3D打印墨水进行3D打印获得的模型如图4所示,表明本实施例制备的3D打印墨水能够进行3D打印。
图5为用3D打印墨水进行打印后的制品的拉伸测试,从该图可以看出,随着墨水中聚氨酯基光敏树脂含量10wt%、30wt%、50wt%的增加,10wt%、30wt%、50wt%制品的弹性开始逐渐增加,断裂伸长率增加,材料的拉伸性能增大。
图6为用3D打印墨水进行打印后的制品的热稳定性测试,从该图中可以看出,随着墨水中聚氨酯基光敏树脂含量的增加,10wt%、30wt%、50wt%制品的热学性能增加,初始分解温度为288.5℃、296.3℃、312.07℃,同时残留碳含量分别为1.2%、3.2%、29.2%,证明了热稳定性的增强。
图7为用3D打印墨水进行打印后的制品的耐水性测试,将10%、30%、50%制品分别放入盛有去离子水的容器内浸泡观察制品变化状况,如图中所示浸泡刚开始和浸泡七日后制品无明显变化,证明制品拥有良好的耐水性。
图8为用3D打印墨水进行打印后的制品的耐醇性测试,将10%、30%、50%制品分别放入盛有无水乙醇的容器内浸泡观察制品变化状况,如图中所示浸泡刚开始和浸泡七日后制品无明显变化,证明制品拥有良好的耐醇性。
以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本公开,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种聚氨酯基光敏树脂的制备方法,其特征是,以多异氰酸酯和多元醇作为原料进行预聚合获得预聚物,将预聚物与丙烯酸羟酯进行异氰酸酯与羟基的反应获得聚氨酯基光敏树脂;所述多异氰酸酯选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、间苯二甲基二异氰酸酯,所述多元醇选自聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、二乙二醇、二(2-羟丙基)醚、三乙二醇、七聚乙二醇、1,5-戊二醇、五甘醇,所述丙烯酸羟酯选自丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、4-羟基丁基丙烯酸酯。
2.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯基光敏树脂的制备方法,其特征是,多异氰酸酯为甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯,多元醇为聚丙二醇丙烯酸羟酯为丙烯酸羟乙酯。
3.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯基光敏树脂的制备方法,其特征是,预聚合的过程为:将多异氰酸酯溶液加热,再滴加多元醇溶液,保温反应设定时间,去除溶剂后获得预聚物。
4.如权利要求3所述的聚氨酯基光敏树脂的制备方法,其特征是,多异氰酸酯溶液的溶剂为丙酮;
或,多元醇溶液的溶剂为丙酮;
或,加热至80~85℃,保温反应时间为3.5~4.5h;
或,保温反应后,先蒸发去除一部分溶剂,再加入无水乙醚进行洗涤,然后蒸发获得预聚物。
5.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯基光敏树脂的制备方法,其特征是,聚物与丙烯酸羟酯进行反应的步骤为:将预聚物的溶液加热,加入丙烯酸羟酯,保温反应,去除溶剂获得聚氨酯基光敏树脂。
6.如权利要求5所述的聚氨酯基光敏树脂的制备方法,其特征是,加热40~50℃,保温反应时间为14~16h;
或,反应结束后蒸发去除溶剂,再加入无水乙醚进行洗涤,然后将多余的无水乙醚蒸发获得聚氨酯基光敏树脂。
7.一种聚氨酯基光敏树脂,其特征是,由权利要求1~6任一所述的制备方法获得。
8.一种权利要求7所述的聚氨酯基光敏树脂在3D打印中的应用。
9.一种3D打印墨水,其特征是,包括权利要求7所述的聚氨酯基光敏树脂、丙烯酸酯、光引发剂。
10.如权利要求9所述的3D打印墨水,其特征是,丙烯酸酯为丙烯酸-2-甲氧乙基酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯或丙烯酸异冰片酯;
或,光引发剂为2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮、1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮、2-甲基-2-(4-吗啉基)-1-[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-1-丙酮、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化膦、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基苯基膦酸乙酯、2-二甲氨基-2-苄基-1-[4-(4-吗啉基)苯基]-1-丁酮、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-1-丙酮、苯基双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)氧化膦。
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