CN110800543A - Elaeagnus angustifolia seedling raising method - Google Patents
Elaeagnus angustifolia seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C13/00—Machines or apparatus for consolidating soil around plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention aims to overcome the defects of low seed germination rate, high seedling deformity rate and the like in the oleaster seed propagation technology in the prior art, and provides an oleaster seed seedling culture method which is simple and easy to operate and has large-scale popularization and application prospects. On one hand, the method achieves the effects of improving the germination rate of the oleaster seeds and reducing the abnormal rate of seedlings by mixing the oleaster seeds with specific raw materials such as fine sand, urea, decomposed farmyard manure and the like in the sowing process. On the other hand, by controlling the addition of various raw materials within a proper proportion range, the effects of improving the germination rate of oleaster seeds and reducing the seedling deformity rate can be further achieved. And finally, after the subsequent sowing is finished, the carbendazim wettable powder and the Bordeaux mixture are adopted to carry out simple spraying operation, so that the germination rate of the oleaster seeds is further improved to a certain extent, and the seedling deformity rate is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling breeding, and particularly relates to a seedling raising method of elaeagnus angustifolia.
Background
The elaeagnus angustifolia is also called as the cinnamomum cassia twig, the elaeagnus genus of the elaeagnus family, the deciduous tree or the shrub, and the height is 5-15 m. The narrow-leaved oleaster is mainly distributed in the northwest, the north China and the northeast of China, and is usually grown in desert areas. The oleaster is a good tree species for afforestation, greening, material and firewood, and has good wind prevention and sand fixation effects. The oleaster has the characteristics of drought resistance, sand resistance, saline-alkali resistance, barren resistance and the like, has developed root systems, has nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, is an important tree species for building sand lands and saline-alkali soil protection forests, and is an important resource plant integrating ecological benefits and economic benefits and having development and utilization prospects.
Because the blooming fragrance is similar to that of Osmanthus fragrans in the south of the Yangtze river and the vitality is very strong, the Osmanthus fragrans in fragrant desert is called as the Osmanthus fragrans in fragrant desert. The natural oleaster is only distributed in desert and semi-desert areas with precipitation less than 150 mm; the oleaster has rich nutrient components. However, the low germination rate of the oleaster seeds leads to low seedling rate and uneven seedling quality of the oleaster, thereby limiting the popularization and planting of the oleaster. Chinese patent CN101790912B discloses a method for sprouting oleaster seeds and raising seedlings, which is mainly used for sprouting the seeds by methods of seed coat cutting, low-temperature treatment, warm water soaking, 98% concentrated sulfuric acid treatment, lamination treatment and the like, so that the germination rate of the seeds is improved to 85%. Although the method can improve the germination rate of the seeds, the treatment of the seeds is complicated, the germs of the seeds can be damaged, and the germination rate is high, but dead seedlings are easy to cause and the seedling deformity rate is high.
The oleaster propagation is divided into two types of seed propagation and vegetative propagation, wherein the vegetative propagation mainly comprises cutting propagation and grafting technology which is applied in recent years. The elaeagnus angustifolia seeds have the advantages of easy collection, easy preservation, high emergence rate and the like, and the integrity of the elaeagnus angustifolia population is maintained in a long-time scale, so that the seed propagation technology is supposed to be popularized. However, in the prior art, the seedling raising method of the oleaster seeds has complex treatment steps and high cost, and in order to simplify the steps and reduce the cost, the germination rate of the oleaster seeds is low, the abnormal seedling rate is increased, the economic benefit is not obvious, and the further popularization and application of the oleaster seed seedling raising technology are seriously hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of low seed germination rate, high seedling deformity rate and the like in the oleaster seed propagation technology in the prior art, and provides an oleaster seed seedling culture method which is simple and easy to operate and has large-scale popularization and application prospects. On one hand, the method achieves the effects of improving the germination rate of the oleaster seeds and reducing the abnormal rate of seedlings by mixing the oleaster seeds with specific raw materials such as fine sand, urea, decomposed farmyard manure and the like in the sowing process. On the other hand, by controlling the addition of various raw materials within a proper proportion range, the effects of improving the germination rate of oleaster seeds and reducing the seedling deformity rate can be further achieved. Finally, after the subsequent sowing is finished, the carbendazim wettable powder and the Bordeaux mixture are adopted to carry out simple spraying operation, the germination rate of the oleaster seeds is further improved to a certain extent, and the seedling deformity rate is reduced, so that the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are better, and the further large-scale popularization and application of the oleaster seed seedling raising technology are facilitated.
The invention provides a method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land;
(2) selecting a sowing period;
(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting field drilling, ditching, uniformly mixing the oleaster seeds with fine sand, urea and decomposed farmyard manure, and then uniformly sowing;
(4) and (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying the sown bed surface by adopting a carbendazim wettable powder diluent;
(5) covering soil after spraying; then, the bed surface covered by the seeds is sprayed with Bordeaux diluent.
(6) Irrigating;
(7) and (5) managing after sowing.
Furthermore, the seedling growing land in the step (1) is selected from a land block with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, good drainage and excellent soil fertility, and is deeply turned before seedling growing, and land preparation is performed to achieve leveling, fine crushing and no weed.
Further, the sowing time in the step (2) is selected to sow in the middle of 11 months after the oleaster fruits are completely ripe.
Further, the ditching row space of the ditching in the step (3) is 20-50 cm, and the ditch depth is 3-8 cm.
Further, in the step (3), the narrow-leaved oleaster seeds are uniformly mixed with 5-30 times of fine sand, 1-10 times of urea and 3-15 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass.
Further, in the step (3), the narrow-leaved oleaster seeds are uniformly mixed with 8-15 times of fine sand, 3-5 times of urea and 5-8 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass.
Further, the diluent of the carbendazim wettable powder in the step (4) is 1000-fold and 2000-fold diluent.
Further, after the spraying in the step (5), the soil is covered by 2-4 cm, and the seeds are completely covered; the boldo liquid diluent is 1000-fold and 2000-fold diluent.
Further, the irrigation in the step (6) is timely irrigation after sowing so as to promote the oleaster to have sufficient moisture for development and promote the oleaster to pass winter
Furthermore, the management in the step (7) is that spring irrigation is carried out after the soil is unfrozen in 3-4 months in the spring of the next year after sowing, so that the influence of uneven seedling emergence caused by soil hardening on the surface is avoided.
And (3) weeding in the later stage: in the middle and late ten days of 4 months in the next spring, and after the seeds sprout, carrying out medical weeding or artificial weeding; after seedlings are grown out, the management and protection work of later stages such as soil loosening, additional fertilizer, irrigation, thinning and final singling, disease, pest and mouse damage prevention and control and the like are carried out. Watering for 6-8 times a year in sandy land. Other soils may be reduced appropriately. The soil is loosened and weeded 3-6 times per year, the weeds in newly reclaimed land are few, and the weeds in the original farming land are more. Fertilizing for 1 time every year, wherein 1000 and 2000 kilograms of fertilizer are applied to each mu, and when harmful insects are in farmyard manure, a proper amount of pesticide can be mixed and stirred in a symptomatic mode. Topdressing is carried out 2-3 times per year, and 17-20 kg of fertilizer are fertilized per mu. Too thick a suitable thinning is to be performed. The ventilation and the light transmission can reduce the breeding of plant diseases and insect pests.
And (3) pest control: according to the difference of pathogenic microorganisms and insect species, diseases are prevented more than controlled, and appropriate antibacterial drugs are supplemented. The insect pests can catch the insects without using pesticides as much as possible, and novel, efficient and low-toxicity pesticides with proper concentration are sprayed according to habits of the insects and characteristics of mouthparts in a 'symptomatic' mode when necessary. The new high-efficiency low-toxicity pesticide of the North agricultural chemical 'Luheng' brand is recommended to be used.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the narrow-leaved oleaster seeds are mixed with the specific raw materials such as fine sand, urea and decomposed farmyard manure in the sowing process, so that the germination rate of the narrow-leaved oleaster seeds can be effectively improved, and the subsequent seedling deformity rate can be reduced. Organic matters such as humus contained in the decomposed farmyard manure have strong ion exchange capacity and adsorption capacity, can promote plant root development and in-vivo nitrogen metabolism to a certain extent, promotes nitrogen absorption, and improves the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate. The urea can provide certain nitrogen nutrient elements, can generate certain chemical action with organic matters in decomposed farmyard manure, decompose and generate certain gases such as ammonia gas and the like, improve the soil exchange capacity, adjust the pH value of the soil, loosen the soil, adjust the conditions of water, fertilizer, gas and heat, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, promote the growth of plant roots and increase the microbial activity of the soil. Has the advantages of obviously improving cured soil, loosening hardened soil, improving ecological environment, promoting the activity of soil microorganisms, increasing the number of beneficial microorganisms in soil and increasing the activity of soil enzymes. Meanwhile, the soil conditioner has an inhibiting effect on fungi, and can gradually reduce the salt content on the surface layer of the soil.
As organic matters such as humus and the like contained in the decomposed farmyard manure have high surface activity, the permeability and the swelling pressure of cells are increased, the concentration of cell sap is improved, and the drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, wind resistance and lodging resistance of plants are improved. As organic matters such as humus contained in the decomposed farmyard manure have an inhibiting effect on fungi, rot and root rot can be prevented, the disease resistance of plants can be improved, and the seedling deformity rate can be improved. However, due to the direct action of a large amount of organic matters in the decomposed farmyard manure and urea, a fast reaction can be generated, so that the acid-base property of soil and severe heat change are influenced, the necrosis of seeds can be caused, the germination rate is influenced, the breeding of fungi can be caused, and more deformity rates are generated. Therefore, on one hand, fine sand with proper times is added to play a good role in dilution and buffering, and on the other hand, the adding amount of the oleaster seeds, the fine sand, the urea and the decomposed farmyard manure raw materials is strictly controlled, so that the mixture ratio of the various raw materials reaches the most proper range, the best synergistic effect is achieved, and the adverse effect is reduced to the minimum.
And finally, spraying 2000-time diluent of carbendazim wettable powder 1000-fold before covering soil after sowing on the bed surface covered by sowing, wherein the carbendazim is a spectral bactericide and has excellent prevention and control effects on plant diseases and insect pests caused by various fungi. After covering soil, spraying the covered bed surface with 1000-fold 2000-fold diluent of Bordeaux mixture, wherein the Bordeaux mixture belongs to inorganic copper bactericide and can effectively prevent the germination of pathogenic bacteria or the growth of hyphae. The carbendazim wettable powder and the Bordeaux mixture are sprayed successively for post-treatment, so that the effects of reducing the germ carrying rate of seed germination and reducing the distortion rate of seedlings can be further achieved.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the present invention and to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below. However, the following examples are only simple examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
During investigation, cotyledon expansion, hypocotyl elongation or obvious green cotyledon with damage area not more than 50% or obvious radicle is taken as a standard for judging germination; judging the seedling deformity standard by referring to a seedling identification practical manual, wherein the seedling deformity rate is calculated by the conditions that the damaged area of cotyledons exceeds 50%, the cotyledons are diseased, radicles are rotten, radicles are bent and cannot grow normally and the like;
wherein the germination percentage (%) — cumulative number of germinated seeds/total number of seeds) × 100%;
seedling aberration rate (cumulative number of malformed seedlings/total number of seedlings) x 100%.
Example 1
1. A method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land: selecting land blocks with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, good drainage and excellent soil fertility, deeply turning before seedling culture, and land preparation to achieve flatness, fine crushing and no weed;
(2) selecting a sowing period: after the oleaster fruits are completely ripe, sowing in the middle of 11 months;
(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting field drilling, ditching, uniformly mixing narrow sand seeds, 5 times of urea and 8 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass times, wherein the ditch row spacing is 30 cm, the ditch depth is 5 cm, and then uniformly sowing;
(4) and (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the sown groove surfaces;
(5) the soil is covered by 3 cm after spraying, so that the seeds are completely covered; then, the bed surface covered by the seeds is sprayed with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture.
(6) Irrigation: watering in time after sowing to promote the oleaster to have sufficient moisture for development and promote the oleaster to pass winter;
(7) and (3) management after sowing: spring irrigation, namely performing spring irrigation after soil is unfrozen in 3 months in the next spring, so that surface soil hardening is avoided, and seedlings are not uniform; and (5) counting the germination rate and the seedling deformity rate.
Example 2
1. A method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land: selecting land blocks with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, good drainage and excellent soil fertility, deeply turning before seedling culture, and land preparation to achieve flatness, fine crushing and no weed;
(2) selecting a sowing period: after the oleaster fruits are completely ripe, sowing in the middle of 11 months;
(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting field drilling, ditching, uniformly mixing narrow sand seeds, urea and decomposed farmyard manure by mass times, wherein the ditch row spacing is 30 cm, the ditch depth is 5 cm, and then uniformly sowing;
(4) and (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the sown groove surfaces;
(5) the soil is covered by 3 cm after spraying, so that the seeds are completely covered; then, the bed surface covered by the seeds is sprayed with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture.
(6) Irrigation: watering in time after sowing to promote the oleaster to have sufficient moisture for development and promote the oleaster to pass winter;
(7) and (3) management after sowing: spring irrigation, namely performing spring irrigation after soil is unfrozen in 3 months in the next spring, so that surface soil hardening is avoided, and seedlings are not uniform; and (5) counting the germination rate and the seedling deformity rate.
Comparative example 1
1. A method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land: selecting land blocks with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, good drainage and excellent soil fertility, deeply turning before seedling culture, and land preparation to achieve flatness, fine crushing and no weed;
(2) selecting a sowing period: after the oleaster fruits are completely ripe, sowing in the middle of 11 months;
(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting field drilling, ditching, uniformly mixing the narrow-leaved oleaster seeds, 5 times of urea and 8 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass times, wherein the ditch row spacing is 30 cm, the ditch depth is 5 cm, and then uniformly sowing;
(4) and (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the sown groove surfaces;
(5) the soil is covered by 3 cm after spraying, so that the seeds are completely covered; then, the bed surface covered by the seeds is sprayed with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture.
(6) Irrigation: watering in time after sowing to promote the oleaster to have sufficient moisture for development and promote the oleaster to pass winter;
(7) and (3) management after sowing: spring irrigation, namely performing spring irrigation after soil is unfrozen in 3 months in the next spring, so that surface soil hardening is avoided, and seedlings are not uniform; and (5) counting the germination rate and the seedling deformity rate.
Comparative example 2
1. A method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land: selecting land blocks with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, good drainage and excellent soil fertility, deeply turning before seedling culture, and land preparation to achieve flatness, fine crushing and no weed;
(2) selecting a sowing period: after the oleaster fruits are completely ripe, sowing in the middle of 11 months;
(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting field drilling, ditching at the ditch row spacing of 30 cm, the ditch depth of 5 cm, uniformly mixing the narrow-leaved oleaster seeds with 15 times of fine sand and 8 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass times, and then uniformly sowing;
(4) and (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the sown groove surfaces;
(5) 2-5 cm of soil is covered after spraying, so that the seeds are completely covered; then, the bed surface covered by the seeds is sprayed with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture.
(6) Irrigation: watering in time after sowing to promote the oleaster to have sufficient moisture for development and promote the oleaster to pass winter;
(7) and (3) management after sowing: spring irrigation, namely performing spring irrigation after soil is unfrozen in 3 months in the next spring, so that surface soil hardening is avoided, and seedlings are not uniform; and (5) counting the germination rate and the seedling deformity rate.
Comparative example 3
1. A method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land: selecting land blocks with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, good drainage and excellent soil fertility, deeply turning before seedling culture, and land preparation to achieve flatness, fine crushing and no weed;
(2) selecting a sowing period: after the oleaster fruits are completely ripe, sowing in the middle of 11 months;
(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting field drilling, ditching, uniformly mixing narrow-leaved oleaster seeds with 15 times of fine sand and 5 times of urea by mass times, wherein the ditch row spacing is 30 cm, the ditch depth is 5 cm, and then uniformly sowing;
(4) and (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the sown groove surfaces;
(5) the soil is covered by 3 cm after spraying, so that the seeds are completely covered; then, the bed surface covered by the seeds is sprayed with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture.
(6) Irrigation: watering in time after sowing to promote the oleaster to have sufficient moisture for development and promote the oleaster to pass winter;
(7) and (3) management after sowing: spring irrigation, namely performing spring irrigation after soil is unfrozen in 3 months in the next spring, so that surface soil hardening is avoided, and seedlings are not uniform; and (5) counting the germination rate and the seedling deformity rate.
Comparative example 4
1. A method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land: selecting land blocks with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, good drainage and excellent soil fertility, deeply turning before seedling culture, and land preparation to achieve flatness, fine crushing and no weed;
(2) selecting a sowing period: after the oleaster fruits are completely ripe, sowing in the middle of 11 months;
(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting field drilling, ditching, uniformly mixing narrow sand seeds, 5 times of urea and 8 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass times, wherein the ditch row spacing is 30 cm, the ditch depth is 5 cm, and then uniformly sowing;
(4) and (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, covering the seeds with soil of 3 cm completely; then, the bed surface covered by the seeds is sprayed with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture.
(5) Irrigation: watering in time after sowing to promote the oleaster to have sufficient moisture for development and promote the oleaster to pass winter;
(6) and (3) management after sowing: spring irrigation, namely performing spring irrigation after soil is unfrozen in 3 months in the next spring, so that surface soil hardening is avoided, and seedlings are not uniform; and (5) counting the germination rate and the seedling deformity rate.
Comparative example 5
1. A method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land: selecting land blocks with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, good drainage and excellent soil fertility, deeply turning before seedling culture, and land preparation to achieve flatness, fine crushing and no weed;
(2) selecting a sowing period: after the oleaster fruits are completely ripe, sowing in the middle of 11 months;
(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting field drilling, ditching, uniformly mixing narrow sand seeds, 5 times of urea and 8 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass times, wherein the ditch row spacing is 30 cm, the ditch depth is 5 cm, and then uniformly sowing;
(4) and (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the sown groove surfaces;
(5) the soil is covered by 3 cm after spraying, so that the seeds are completely covered;
(6) irrigation: watering in time after sowing to promote the oleaster to have sufficient moisture for development and promote the oleaster to pass winter;
(7) and (3) management after sowing: spring irrigation, namely performing spring irrigation after soil is unfrozen in 3 months in the next spring, so that surface soil hardening is avoided, and seedlings are not uniform; and (5) counting the germination rate and the seedling deformity rate.
Comparative example 6
1. A method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land: selecting land blocks with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, good drainage and excellent soil fertility, deeply turning before seedling culture, and land preparation to achieve flatness, fine crushing and no weed;
(2) selecting a sowing period: after the oleaster fruits are completely ripe, sowing in the middle of 11 months;
(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting field drilling, ditching, uniformly mixing narrow sand seeds, 50 times of urea and 8 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass times, wherein the ditch row spacing is 30 cm, the ditch depth is 5 cm, and then uniformly sowing;
(4) and (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the sown groove surfaces;
(5) the soil is covered by 3 cm after spraying, so that the seeds are completely covered; then, the bed surface covered by the seeds is sprayed with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture.
(6) Irrigation: watering in time after sowing to promote the oleaster to have sufficient moisture for development and promote the oleaster to pass winter;
(7) and (3) management after sowing: spring irrigation, namely performing spring irrigation after soil is unfrozen in 3 months in the next spring, so that surface soil hardening is avoided, and seedlings are not uniform; and (5) counting the germination rate and the seedling deformity rate.
Comparative example 7
1. A method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land: selecting land blocks with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, good drainage and excellent soil fertility, deeply turning before seedling culture, and land preparation to achieve flatness, fine crushing and no weed;
(2) selecting a sowing period: after the oleaster fruits are completely ripe, sowing in the middle of 11 months;
(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting field drilling, ditching, uniformly mixing narrow sand seeds, 5 times of urea and 80 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass times, wherein the ditch row spacing is 30 cm, the ditch depth is 5 cm, and then uniformly sowing;
(4) and (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the sown groove surfaces;
(5) the soil is covered by 3 cm after spraying, so that the seeds are completely covered; then, the bed surface covered by the seeds is sprayed with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture.
(6) Irrigation: watering in time after sowing to promote the oleaster to have sufficient moisture for development and promote the oleaster to pass winter;
(7) and (3) management after sowing: spring irrigation, namely performing spring irrigation after soil is unfrozen in 3 months in the next spring, so that surface soil hardening is avoided, and seedlings are not uniform; and (5) counting the germination rate and the seedling deformity rate.
Comparative example 8
1. A method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land: selecting land blocks with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, good drainage and excellent soil fertility, deeply turning before seedling culture, and land preparation to achieve flatness, fine crushing and no weed;
(2) selecting a sowing period: after the oleaster fruits are completely ripe, sowing in the middle of 11 months;
(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting field drilling, ditching, uniformly mixing narrow sand seeds, fine sand of 100 times, urea of 5 times and decomposed farmyard manure of 8 times by mass times, wherein the ditch row spacing is 30 cm, the ditch depth is 5 cm, and then uniformly sowing;
(4) and (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder on the sown groove surfaces;
(5) the soil is covered by 3 cm after spraying, so that the seeds are completely covered; then, the bed surface covered by the seeds is sprayed with 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture.
(6) Irrigation: watering in time after sowing to promote the oleaster to have sufficient moisture for development and promote the oleaster to pass winter;
(7) and (3) management after sowing: spring irrigation, namely performing spring irrigation after soil is unfrozen in 3 months in the next spring, so that surface soil hardening is avoided, and seedlings are not uniform; and (5) counting the germination rate and the seedling deformity rate.
Comparative example 9
1. A method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land: selecting land blocks with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, good drainage and excellent soil fertility, deeply turning before seedling culture, and land preparation to achieve flatness, fine crushing and no weed;
(2) selecting a sowing period: after the oleaster fruits are completely ripe, sowing in the middle of 11 months;
(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting field drilling, ditching, uniformly mixing narrow sand seeds, 5 times of urea and 8 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass times, wherein the ditch row spacing is 30 cm, the ditch depth is 5 cm, and then uniformly sowing;
(4) after sowing, earthing for 3 cm to completely cover the seeds;
(5) and (3) post-treatment spraying: then spraying 1500 times of diluent of carbendazim wettable powder and 1500 times of diluent of Bordeaux mixture on the sown bed surface;
(6) irrigation: watering in time after sowing to promote the oleaster to have sufficient moisture for development and promote the oleaster to pass winter;
(7) and (3) management after sowing: spring irrigation, namely performing spring irrigation after soil is unfrozen in 3 months in the next spring, so that surface soil hardening is avoided, and seedlings are not uniform; and (5) counting the germination rate and the seedling deformity rate.
Comparative example 10
1. A method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land: selecting land blocks with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, good drainage and excellent soil fertility, deeply turning before seedling culture, and land preparation to achieve flatness, fine crushing and no weed;
(2) selecting a sowing period: after the oleaster fruits are completely ripe, sowing in the middle of 11 months;
(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting field drilling, ditching, uniformly mixing narrow sand seeds, 5 times of urea and 8 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass times, wherein the ditch row spacing is 30 cm, the ditch depth is 5 cm, and then uniformly sowing;
(4) after sowing, earthing for 3 cm to completely cover the seeds;
(6) irrigation: watering in time after sowing to promote the oleaster to have sufficient moisture for development and promote the oleaster to pass winter;
(7) and (3) management after sowing: spring irrigation, namely performing spring irrigation after soil is unfrozen in 3 months in the next spring, so that surface soil hardening is avoided, and seedlings are not uniform; and (5) counting the germination rate and the seedling deformity rate.
The germination rates and seedling deformity rates of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-10 were then counted according to the above methods, and the results of the statistics and calculation are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 germination and seedling deformity
| Experimental group | Percentage of germination (%) | Seedling distortion rate (%) |
| Example 1 | 93 | 3.2 |
| Example 2 | 91 | 3.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 70 | 5.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 85 | 3.4 |
| Comparative example 3 | 81 | 4.8 |
| Comparative example 4 | 88 | 9.1 |
| Comparative example 5 | 90 | 9.9 |
| Comparative example 6 | 51 | 4.8 |
| Comparative example 7 | 53 | 4.5 |
| Comparative example 8 | 84 | 4.3 |
| Comparative example 9 | 89 | 6.9 |
| Comparative example 10 | 83 | 18.7 |
As can be seen from the data of the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-10 in the table 1, the oleaster seeds are simultaneously mixed with the fine sand, the urea and the decomposed farmyard manure in the sowing process, and the effects of effectively improving the germination rate of the oleaster seeds and reducing the abnormal rate of the seedlings can be achieved by controlling the addition amount of the three within a proper range. Meanwhile, after subsequent sowing is finished, the carbendazim wettable powder and the Bordeaux mixture are sequentially adopted for spraying post-treatment operation, so that the effects of improving the germination rate of oleaster seeds and reducing the seedling deformity rate can be further achieved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a seedling raising land;
(2) selecting a sowing period;
(3) the sowing method comprises the following steps: adopting field drilling, ditching, uniformly mixing the oleaster seeds with fine sand, urea and decomposed farmyard manure, and then uniformly sowing;
(4) and (3) post-treatment spraying: after sowing, spraying the sown bed surface by adopting a carbendazim wettable powder diluent;
(5) covering soil after spraying; then spraying the seed-covered bed surface with Bordeaux diluent;
(6) irrigating;
(7) and (5) managing after sowing.
2. The method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: selecting a land block with flat terrain, leeward and sunny appearance, good drainage and excellent soil fertility in the seedling growing land in the step (1), and deeply turning before seedling growing to achieve leveling, fine crushing and no weed in land preparation.
3. The method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) sowing in the middle ten days of the 11 months when the oleaster fruits are completely ripe in the sowing period in the step (2).
4. The method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) the ditching row space is 20-50 cm, and the ditch depth is 3-8 cm.
5. The method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the narrow-leaved oleaster seeds are uniformly mixed with 5-30 times of fine sand, 1-10 times of urea and 3-15 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass.
6. The method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the narrow-leaved oleaster seeds are uniformly mixed with 8-15 times of fine sand, 3-5 times of urea and 5-8 times of decomposed farmyard manure by mass.
7. The method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the diluent of the carbendazim wettable powder in the step (4) is 1000-fold 2000-fold diluent.
8. The method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after the spraying, the soil is covered by 2-4 cm, and the seeds are completely covered; the boldo liquid diluent is 1000-fold and 2000-fold diluent.
9. The method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (6) irrigating water in time after sowing to promote the oleaster to have sufficient water for development and promote the oleaster to pass winter.
10. The method for raising seedlings of elaeagnus angustifolia according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) managing after sowing in the step (7) to perform spring irrigation in 3-4 months in spring of the next year after soil is unfrozen, so that the influence of uneven seedling emergence caused by surface soil hardening is avoided.
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| CN103782740A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Method for autumn sowing elaeagnus angustifolia field breeding |
| CN107155777A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-09-15 | 甘肃省水利科学研究院 | Arrow-leaved oleaster woods biology enclosure wall cultivation technology method |
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| CN103782740A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Method for autumn sowing elaeagnus angustifolia field breeding |
| CN107155777A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-09-15 | 甘肃省水利科学研究院 | Arrow-leaved oleaster woods biology enclosure wall cultivation technology method |
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