CN110773192A - 一种碳负载高熵单原子催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种碳负载高熵单原子催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- IINACGXCEZNYTF-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroyttrium;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Y+3] IINACGXCEZNYTF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/8892—Manganese
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种碳负载高熵金属单原子催化剂的制备方法，将可溶性金属盐(金属元素Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、Y、Zr、lu和Ru中的5～15种)、可溶性碳源(葡萄糖)、水和乙醇混合，得到混合水溶液，再超声分散；可溶性金属盐与可溶性碳源的摩尔比为1:3～5，可溶性金属盐的物质的量与水的体积比为0.001～0.01mol:1L，可溶性金属盐的物质的量与乙醇的体积比为0.001～0.01mol:1L。再将混合溶液于25～80℃进行干燥析出，得到催化剂前驱体，再将催化剂前驱体在惰性气氛和真空条件下于600～800℃煅烧，冷却后研磨，得到碳负载高熵金属单原子催化剂。本发明方法简单，成本低廉。
Description
技术领域
本发明是关于催化剂的，特别涉及一种碳负载高熵单原子催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
单原子催化剂的开发能够最大限度地发挥金属的催化效率，降低制造成本。从理论上讲，负载型催化剂分散的极限是金属以单原子的形式均匀分布在载体上，这不仅是负载型金属催化剂的理想状态，而且也将催化科学带入到一个更小的研究尺度——单原子催化。单原子催化剂被应用于CO氧化及选择性氧化、加氢及选择性加氢、NO还原与氧化、水煤气变换、有机合成、甲醇水蒸气重整、燃料电池、光电催化、甲醛氧化等，因此制备单原子金属催化剂成为研究者的一个重要突破口。
目前制备单原子催化剂的方法有共沉淀法、浸渍法、原子层沉积法、反奥斯瓦尔德(Ostward)熟化法、逐步还原法和固相熔融法，然而，这些方法存在工序复杂、需要酸洗、成本高等问题，因此，需要提供一种简单的合成单原子催化剂普适性方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的，在于克服现有技术制备单原子催化剂存在工序复杂、需要酸洗、成本高等缺陷，提供一种方法简单，适用于混合多种单原子催化剂合成的碳负载高熵单原子催化剂的制备方法。
本发明通过如下技术方案与已实现。
一种碳负载高熵单原子催化剂的制备方法，具有以下步骤：
(1)将可溶性金属盐、可溶性碳源、水和乙醇混合，得到混合水溶液，再超声分散；
所述可溶性金属盐为金属元素Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、Y、Zr、lu和Ru中的5～15种元素任意组合的可溶性金属盐；
所述可溶性碳源为葡萄糖；
所述可溶性金属盐与可溶性碳源的摩尔比为1:3～5；
所述可溶性金属盐的物质的量与水的体积比为0.001～0.01mol:1L；
所述可溶性金属盐的物质的量与乙醇的体积比为0.001～0.01mol:1L；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合溶液于25～80℃进行干燥析出，得到催化剂前驱体；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的催化剂前驱体在惰性气氛和真空条件下于600～800℃进行煅烧，煅烧时间为4h，冷却后进行研磨，得到碳负载高熵金属单原子催化剂。
所述步骤(1)的可溶性金属盐包括六水氯化钪、氯化钛、钒酸铵、钼酸铵、钨酸铵、乙酸铬、硝酸锰、葡萄糖亚铁酸盐、四水乙酸钴、乙酸钴、硝酸钴、硝酸镍、氯化铜、氯化铜、乙酸铜、乙酸锌、氯化锌、葡萄糖酸锌、氯化钇六水、四氯化锆、氯化镥六水、三氯化钌。
所述步骤(1)的混合溶液，是将可溶性金属盐与水混合得到水溶液，然后依次加入乙醇和可溶性碳源，得到混合溶液。
所述步骤(1)的水为去离子水。
所述步骤(3)的惰性气氛为氩气气氛。
所述步骤(3)的研磨后产物的粒径为1μm以下。
本发明通过将金属盐和碳源在溶液中进行充分混合，经干燥后进行煅烧，使碳源碳化，同时金属原子负载于碳上，制得碳负载高熵金属单原子催化剂，方法简单，成本低廉。
附图说明
图1为实施例1扫描透射电子显微镜高角环形暗场图；
图2为实施例1金属V元素X射线能量色散谱(EDS)分布图；
图3为实施例1金属Cr元素X射线能量色散谱(EDS)分布图；
图4为实施例1金属Mn元素X射线能量色散谱(EDS)分布图；
图5为实施例1金属Fe元素X射线能量色散谱(EDS)分布图；
图6为实施例1金属Co元素X射线能量色散谱(EDS)分布图；
图7为实施例1金属Ni元素X射线能量色散谱(EDS)分布图；
图8为实施例1金属Cu元素X射线能量色散谱(EDS)分布图；
图9为实施例1金属Zn元素X射线能量色散谱(EDS)分布图；
图10为实施例1分辨扫描透射电子显微镜高角环形暗场图；
图11为实施例1的X射线衍射(XRD)图谱。
具体实施方式
为了进一步说明本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明提供的碳负载高熵金属单原子催化剂的制备方法进行详细地描述，但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
本发明所用原料均为化学纯原料。
实施例1
(1)称取0.00064克偏钒酸铵、0.00125克乙酸铬、3.125微升硝酸锰溶液(50％)、0.00264克葡萄糖酸亚铁、0.00136克乙酸钴、0.00159克硝酸镍、0.00073克氯化铜、0.0012克乙酸锌，放入烧杯中，加入40毫升去离子水，超声5分钟使其溶解，再加入40毫升酒精，然后加入0.144克无水葡萄糖，再将这些混合溶液超声溶解。
所述去离子水和乙醇作为分散介质，能够促进可溶性金属盐、可溶性碳源的分散，得到以分子状态混合的均一相。
(2)将步骤(1)超声溶解后的混合溶液放在烘箱中于70摄氏度下干燥析出，干燥析出过程中，去离子水和乙醇挥发，得到固体混合物，即催化剂前驱体。
(3)将步骤(2)干燥后的催化剂前驱体取出放入瓷舟中，转入到真空管式炉，以50毫升/分钟的速度通入高纯氩气进行保护，将真空管式炉以5摄氏度/分钟的速度从室温升到800摄氏度，保温4小时，使碳源碳化，同时金属原子负载于碳上，冷却至室温，取出制品，用研砵研碎至粒径为1μm以下，完成高熵单原子催化剂的合成。
本实施例制备的碳负载高熵金属单原子催化剂如图1所示，图1是实施例1的扫描透射暗场像，可以看出并没有明显的团聚颗粒出现，图2-9可知V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn元素均匀分布在衬底上；图10图11为实施例1制备的碳负载高熵金属单原子催化剂的检测图，图10是高熵单原子分辨高角环形暗场像，可以看出W元素单分散分布在衬底上，图11中除了碳元素的X射线衍射峰外，并没有其他晶体的衍射峰位出现，这些结果说明V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn原子分散地分布在衬底上，证实了高熵单原子催化剂的成功合成。
Claims (6)
1.一种碳负载高熵单原子催化剂的制备方法，具有以下步骤：
(1)将可溶性金属盐、可溶性碳源、水和乙醇混合，得到混合水溶液，再超声分散；
所述可溶性金属盐为金属元素Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、Y、Zr、lu和Ru中的5～15种元素任意组合的可溶性金属盐；
所述可溶性碳源为葡萄糖；
所述可溶性金属盐与可溶性碳源的摩尔比为1:3～5；
所述可溶性金属盐的物质的量与水的体积比为0.001～0.01mol:1L；
所述可溶性金属盐的物质的量与乙醇的体积比为0.001～0.01mol:1L；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合溶液于25～80℃进行干燥析出，得到催化剂前驱体；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的催化剂前驱体在惰性气氛和真空条件下于600～800℃进行煅烧，煅烧时间为4h，冷却后进行研磨，得到碳负载高熵金属单原子催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳负载高熵单原子催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)的可溶性金属盐包括六水氯化钪、氯化钛、钒酸铵、钼酸铵、钨酸铵、乙酸铬、硝酸锰、葡萄糖亚铁酸盐、四水乙酸钴、乙酸钴、硝酸钴、硝酸镍、氯化铜、氯化铜、乙酸铜、乙酸锌、氯化锌、葡萄糖酸锌、硝酸铝九水、乙酸铅、硝酸镓三水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳负载高熵单原子催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)的混合溶液，是将可溶性金属盐与水混合得到水溶液，然后依次加入乙醇和可溶性碳源，得到混合溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳负载高熵单原子催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)的水为去离子水。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳负载高熵单原子催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)的惰性气氛为氩气气氛。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳负载高熵单原子催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)的研磨后产物的粒径为1μm以下。
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