CN110741861A

CN110741861A - Planting method of autumn and moon pears

Info

Publication number: CN110741861A
Application number: CN201910961205.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 龚梨
Original assignee: Qinglong County Sand Town Fruit Garden Base
Current assignee: Qinglong County Sand Town Fruit Garden Base
Priority date: 2019-10-11
Filing date: 2019-10-11
Publication date: 2020-02-04

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a planting method of autumn and moon pears. According to the invention, soil improvement, a shaping and pruning technology and a cutting differentiation technology are combined, so that the height of a formed fruit tree is 2-3 m, the longest branch is 70cm, corresponding branches can appear on the trunk of the fruit tree at intervals, trunk resources are efficiently utilized, and the branches of the fruit tree are numerous and ordered; the branches and branches on the branches are strong and orderly distributed, and can bear larger fruit weight; after the fruit trees are hung, the fruits cannot grow to the place with the height of several stories as before, and the planting personnel can easily pick the fruits; meanwhile, the formed fruit trees have limited effective space, so that the growth of the leaves of the fruit trees is less, the nutrients which can be absorbed by the fruits are increased, and the fruits cannot grow sufficiently and have sufficient nutrients due to too dense branches or leaves.

Description

Planting method of autumn and moon pears

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a planting method of autumn and moon pears.

Background

Autumn moon pear is a hybrid pear variety introduced from Japan, and has strong growth vigor of fruit trees, open tree appearance, grey brown annual branches, thick branches and oval or long-round leaves. The growth potential of the young branches is strong, the germination rate is low, the branching force is high, short fruit branches are easy to form, and axillary buds can be formed after the annual branches are thrown. The fruit is slightly flat, the shape of the fruit is regular, the fruit is flat, and the fruit shape index is 0.6. The fruit peel without bagging is slightly brownish, turns into yellow brown after storage, and has extremely beautiful appearance. The fruit pulp is milk white, the fruit core is small, and the edible rate is more than 95%. The fruit has the advantages of crisp meat, multiple tastes and sweetness, faint scent and refreshing taste, few stone cells, average single fruit weight of 400-500 g, and maximum weight of about 1000 g.

As the autumn-moon pear branches are upright, have higher hardness and vigorous length, easily grow to the height of several stories, and are very difficult to pick; when the branches are pulled down and pressed, the branches are easy to break due to high hardness, so that the fruit trees are damaged, and the yield is reduced.

Based on the above, a technology is urgently needed in the field of autumn moon pear planting, branches of autumn moon pears are effectively dwarfed, fruit trees are shorter, fruits are easier to pick, and meanwhile, the yield reduction of the fruit trees caused by the dwarfing of the fruit trees is avoided.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for planting autumn-month pears, and aims to enable fruit trees of the autumn-month pears to grow to be 2-3 m high, dwarfed branches, appropriate density, ventilated and drained fruits, easy picking and unchanged fruit yield after pruning in plantation of the same area.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a planting method of autumn moon pears comprises the following steps:

a. soil improvement: selecting a sunny sandy loam area as a plantation in summer in the first year, deeply ploughing the ground surface for 45-50 cm, removing large stones, opening deep grooves with the same depth, keeping the distance between every two adjacent grooves for 20-30 cm, deeply burying soil conditioner in the grooves, wherein the thickness is 20-25 cm, backfilling the dug soil for 10-15 cm, backfilling mixed soil for 10-15 cm, leveling the ground surface, thoroughly watering, and burying for winter; after soil improvement, the soil of the autumn and moon pear planting field is divided into a plurality of layers, the lowest layer is an original soil layer from top to bottom, and the soil has a high-efficiency water-fixing effect; the second layer is an improved layer, has strong hydrophobic property and high-efficiency hydrophobic and breathable effect, and prevents the occurrence of root stuffiness of pear trees in autumn and moon; the third layer is a secondary improvement layer, is mainly applied to the layer during fertilization, has better hydrophobicity and fertilizer retention property, and promotes the slow release of the fertility of the fertilizer after application; the uppermost layer is a surface soil layer, the soil of the uppermost layer is soft, the uppermost layer is suitable for the survival of microorganisms, and the ecological system of the whole plantation is improved;

b. in the beginning of spring of the next year, the earth surface is deeply turned for 30-35 cm again, planting ditches with the depth of 30-35 cm are arranged along the sunny direction, and the distance between every two adjacent planting ditches is 1.8-2.2 m; planting the autumn pear seedlings in planting furrows at a planting distance of 1.3-1.7 m, pouring root fixing liquid after planting, and carrying out tissue culture until the trunk of a fruit tree is 2-3 m high;

c. modeling:

s1, in the fruit tree tissue culture process, controlling the trunk of a fruit tree to vertically and freely grow until the trunk grows to 2-3 m high, cutting off the tip, controlling the fruit tree not to grow high, and controlling the fruit tree with more than 2m high to be suitable for picking fruits conveniently and quickly;

s2, controlling the length of the branches to be less than or equal to 70cm in the growth process of the trunks of the fruit trees; and the number of branches on one branch is less than or equal to 7; controlling the distance between the upper branch and the lower branch to be 20-30 cm; if the distance between the upper branch and the lower branch is more than 40cm, performing cuttage differentiation between the two corresponding branches to differentiate new branches;

s3, controlling the first branch of the fruit tree to be 50-60 cm above the root of the fruit tree in the tissue culture process of the fruit tree; meanwhile, the fruit trees are controlled not to bear fruits or the bearing fruit number is less than or equal to 3 in the tissue culture process;

d. and (3) fertilizer and water management: and (3) carrying out conventional fertilizer and water management on the fruit trees in the growth process, carrying out random fruit bearing on the fruit trees after the trunk of the fruit trees grows to be 2-3 m high, removing weak fruits, diseased fruits or over dense fruits, and carrying out shaping and trimming on the fruit trees in the fruit bearing period according to the steps of S1-S3.

Preferably, the cutting differentiation method comprises the following steps:

in the beginning of spring every year, cutting a cut on a trunk between two branches with the distance between every two branches being more than 40cm until a lignified trunk is seen, wherein the depth is 0.5-1 cm, smearing a nutrient solution, cutting the same variety of autumn-month pear cutting ears with 1-2 spores into a deep cut, coating a film, injecting 5-10 ml of the nutrient solution into the film, and carrying out tissue differentiation culture; the scribing port is an obliquely upward 30-45-degree scribing port;

or cutting the branches at a proper position between two adjacent branches when the distance between the two adjacent branches on the branches is more than or equal to 20cm until lignification parts are seen, wherein the depth is 0.5-1 cm, cutting the autumn-moon pear cutting slips of the same variety with 1-2 spores into a deep opening after the cutting slips are coated with nutrient solution, coating the film, and injecting 5-10 ml of nutrient solution into the film to perform tissue differentiation culture;

or selecting a point at a position 50-60 cm away from the root of the main trunk, namely when the first branch naturally growing on the main trunk is not 50-60 cm above the root, carrying out staggered cutting around the main trunk at a position 50-60 cm, cutting until the lignified main trunk is seen, wherein the depth is 0.5-1 cm, coating nutrient solution, cutting the cutting ears of the autumn-month pears of the same variety with 1-2 spores into the deep opening, coating the film, injecting 5-10 ml of nutrient solution into the film, and carrying out tissue differentiation culture; the differentiated branch is used as a first branch;

or when the distance between any branch on the trunk and the differentiated branch is more than or equal to 40cm, namely the distance between the differentiated branch and other branches is more than or equal to 40cm, carrying out cuttage differentiation treatment according to the same method;

after the cuttage differentiation treatment and the modeling pruning, the pear tree in autumn and moon is not very high like a Christmas tree, but has clear layers, so that the vertical distance between the fruit and the trunk of the pear tree is less than or equal to 70cm, after the fruit is mature, the fruit is basically seen as branches and fruits, the fruit surrounds the trunk, and the leaves are few.

Further, the nutrient solution is prepared by the following method:

30-40 ml of sugarcane juice, 4-7 g of 1-MCP, 6-9 g of aluminum sulfate, 6-8 g of dimethylamino succinic acid, 12-16 ml of cooked banana peel pure juice, 4-6 g of calcium levulinate, 2-4 g of cytokinin, 3-5 ml of salicylic acid and 4-7 ml of neopentyl glycol are mixed into 1L of deionized water.

Preferably, the cutting shoot comprises an upper cut and a lower cut, the length is controlled to be 1.5-3 cm, and the distance between spores and the upper cut is less than or equal to 0.5 cm; the lower incision is used for cutting into the cutting opening and is cut into an inclined opening with the angle of 30-45 degrees, the length of the inclined opening is 0.5-1.2 cm, and the epidermis on the inclined opening is stripped.

Preferably, the pear trees in autumn and month are controlled not to bear fruits or the number of bearing fruits is less than or equal to 3, so that bearing fruits is avoided, all nutrients absorbed by the pear trees are used for growth of the pear trees, and the rapid tissue differentiation of the tender branches after the pruning and the cutting differentiation is promoted, so that the pear trees are rapidly formed.

Preferably, the soil conditioner is prepared by the following method:

mixing 3-5 parts of diatomite, 50-55 parts of sawdust, 15-30 parts of dry chicken manure with the particle size of less than or equal to 3mm, 12-20 parts of dry cow dung, 10-12 parts of dry soybean hulls, 4-5 parts of walnut shell fragments, 3-5 parts of peanut shell fragments, 4-9 parts of artemisia powder, 2-4 parts of dried houttuynia cordata powder, 4-7 parts of bitter bamboo powder and 1-3 parts of calcium superphosphate into 100-120 parts of clean river sand with the particle size of less than or equal to 3mm, completely spraying 3-5% carbendazim solution for wetting, turning uniformly, and sealing and fermenting for 3-5 days by using a thin film.

Preferably, the mixed soil is prepared by mixing the excavated soil of the planting ditch with the soil conditioner according to the proportion of 10: 2-3.

Preferably, the root fixing solution is prepared by mixing a diluent which is 500 times of decomposed human and animal excreta and rice washing water according to the proportion of 10: 3-5, and further comprises a nitrogen fertilizer accounting for 1-2% of the total weight of the diluent, 1-2% of artemisia scoparia extracting solution and 0.3-0.5% of carbendazim wettable powder.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

compared with the prior art, the method controls the soil of the autumn-month pear planting field to be divided into 4 layers by a soil improvement mode, each layer has a special function of each layer, the growth of fruit trees of autumn-month pears is effectively promoted, and the fruiting rate and the growth advantages of the autumn-month pears are improved;

secondly, the shaping pruning technology and the cutting differentiation technology are combined, so that the height of a formed fruit tree is 2-3 m, the longest branch is 70cm, corresponding branches can appear on the trunk of the fruit tree at intervals, trunk resources are efficiently utilized, and the branches of the fruit tree are numerous and ordered; the branches and branches on the branches are strong and orderly distributed, and can bear larger fruit weight; after the fruit trees are hung, the fruits cannot grow to the place with the height of several stories as before, and the planting personnel can easily pick the fruits; meanwhile, the formed fruit trees have limited effective space, so that the leaves of the fruit trees grow less, the nutrients absorbed by the fruits are increased, and the fruits cannot grow sufficiently in space and have sufficient nutrients due to too dense branches or leaves;

finally, the autumn-moon pear planting is carried out in a ditching planting mode, and although the fruit trees are short and small and the branches are short and thick, more fruit trees can be planted on the same planting surface; meanwhile, due to the shaping and trimming technology and the cutting and differentiation technology, the fruit bearing rate of the formed fruit tree is high, the nutrients needed by the fruit are sufficient, the fruit is ventilated and drained, and the fruit is large in size and sufficient in water after being mature; the combination of the two can produce more autumn and moon pears with better quality in the same planting area.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the technical solutions provided by the present invention include not only the contents shown in the examples.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a planting method of autumn moon pears, which comprises the following specific processes:

step one, soil improvement: selecting a sunny sandy loam area as a plantation in summer in the first year, deeply ploughing the ground surface by 50cm, removing large stones, opening deep ditches with the same depth, keeping the distance between every two ditches at 30cm, deeply burying a soil conditioner in the ditches with the thickness of 20cm, backfilling the dug soil by 15cm, backfilling mixed soil by 15cm, flattening the ground surface, thoroughly watering, and burying for a long time in winter; after soil improvement, the soil of the autumn and moon pear planting field is divided into a plurality of layers, the lowest layer is an original soil layer from top to bottom, and the soil has a high-efficiency water-fixing effect; the second layer is an improved layer, has strong hydrophobic property and high-efficiency hydrophobic and breathable effect, and prevents the occurrence of root stuffiness of pear trees in autumn and moon; the third layer is a secondary improvement layer, is mainly applied to the layer during fertilization, has better hydrophobicity and fertilizer retention property, and promotes the slow release of the fertility of the fertilizer after application; the uppermost layer is a surface soil layer, the soil of the uppermost layer is soft, the uppermost layer is suitable for the survival of microorganisms, and the ecological system of the whole plantation is improved;

the soil conditioner is prepared by the following method: mixing 100 parts of clean river sand with the granularity of less than 3mm with 5 parts of diatomite, 50 parts of sawdust, 30 parts of dry chicken manure with the granularity of less than 3mm, 12 parts of dry cow manure, 12 parts of dry soybean shells, 4 parts of walnut shell scraps, 5 parts of peanut shell scraps, 4 parts of artemisia selengensis powder, 4 parts of houttuynia cordata dry powder, 4 parts of bitter bamboo powder and 3 parts of calcium superphosphate, uniformly mixing, completely spraying 3% carbendazim solution, uniformly stirring, and sealing and fermenting for 3d by a thin film;

the mixed soil is prepared by mixing and processing dug soil of a planting ditch and a soil conditioner according to the proportion of 10: 2;

secondly, in the spring beginning of the next year, the earth surface is deeply turned over for 35cm again, planting ditches with the depth of 30cm are arranged along the sunny direction, and the distance between every two adjacent planting ditches is 2.2 m; planting autumn pear seedlings in planting furrows with a plant spacing of 1.7m, pouring root fixing liquid after planting, and carrying out tissue culture until the trunk of the fruit tree is 2-3 m high; the root fixing solution is prepared by mixing a diluent which is 500 times of decomposed human and animal excreta and rice washing water according to the proportion of 10:3, and also comprises a nitrogen fertilizer accounting for 2 percent of the total weight of the diluent, 1 percent of artemisia selengensis extract and 0.5 percent of carbendazim wettable powder;

step three, modeling:

s1, in the fruit tree tissue culture process, controlling the trunk of a fruit tree to vertically and freely grow until the trunk grows to 2m to 3m high, cutting off the tip, controlling the fruit tree not to grow high and controlling the fruit tree with the height of more than 2m to be suitable for picking fruits conveniently and quickly;

s2, controlling the length of the branches not to exceed 70cm in the growth process of the trunks of fruit trees; the number of branches on one branch is not more than 7, namely about 10 cm; controlling the distance between the upper branch and the lower branch to be about 20 cm; if the distance between the upper branch and the lower branch exceeds 40cm, cutting differentiation is carried out between the two corresponding branches to differentiate new branches, and the distance between two adjacent branches is about 20cm by counting the differentiated branches;

s3, controlling the first branch of the fruit tree to be positioned at a position 50cm above the root of the fruit tree for making fish in the fruit tree tissue culture process; meanwhile, the pear trees in autumn and moon in the tissue culture process are controlled not to bear fruits, so that the bearing of fruits is avoided, all nutrients absorbed by the pear trees are used for the growth of the pear trees, and the quick tissue differentiation of the tender branches after the pruning and the cutting differentiation is promoted, so that the pear trees are quickly formed;

step four, fertilizer and water management: and (3) performing conventional fertilizer and water management on the fruit trees in the growth process, removing weak fruits, diseased fruits or over-dense fruits by randomly bearing the fruits of the fruit trees after the main stems of the fruit trees grow to 2-3 m m, and performing shaping and trimming on the fruit trees in the bearing period according to the steps of S1, S2 and S3.

In this embodiment, the cutting differentiation method is as follows:

cutting a main trunk between two branches with the distance of more than 40cm at the beginning of spring every year until a lignified main trunk is seen, wherein the depth is 1cm, cutting the cutting slips of the autumn-moon pear of the same variety with 1 spore into a deep opening after smearing nutrient solution, coating a film, injecting 8ml of nutrient solution into the film, and carrying out tissue differentiation culture; the scribing port is an oblique 30-degree scribing port;

cutting the branches at a proper position between two adjacent branches until lignification parts are seen on the branches, namely when the distance between the two adjacent branches on the branches exceeds 20cm, cutting the autumn-moon pear ears with 1 spore into a deep opening after the branches are coated with nutrient solution, coating the film, injecting 5ml of nutrient solution into the film, and carrying out tissue differentiation culture;

cutting the autumn-moon pear cutting slips of the same variety with 1 spore into a deep opening after smearing nutrient solution, enveloping, injecting 10ml of nutrient solution into the film, and carrying out tissue differentiation culture; the differentiated branch is used as a first branch;

when the distance between any branch on the trunk and the differentiated branch exceeds 40cm, namely the distance between the differentiated branch and other branches exceeds 40cm, carrying out cuttage differentiation treatment according to the same method;

after the cuttage differentiation treatment and the modeling pruning, the pear tree in autumn and moon is not very high like a Christmas tree, but has clear layers, so that the vertical distance between the fruit and the trunk of the pear tree does not exceed 70cm, after the fruit is mature, the pear tree is basically seen as branches and fruits, the fruit surrounds the trunk, and the leaves are few;

the nutrient solution is prepared by the following method:

adding 30ml of sugarcane juice, 7g of 1-MCP, 6g of aluminum sulfate, 8g of dimethylamino succinic acid, 12ml of cooked banana peel pure juice, 6g of calcium levulinate, 2g of cytokinin, 5ml of salicylic acid and 4ml of neopentyl glycol into 1L of deionized water;

the cutting shoot comprises an upper cut and a lower cut, the length is controlled to be about 1.5cm, and spores are basically level to the upper cut; the lower incision is used for cutting into the cutting opening, and is cut into an inclined opening with the length of 30 degrees, the length of the inclined opening is 0.5cm, and the epidermis on the inclined opening is peeled off.

Example 2

step one, soil improvement: selecting a sunny sandy loam area as a plantation in summer in the first year, deeply ploughing the ground surface for 45cm, removing large stones, opening deep grooves with the same depth, keeping the distance between the grooves for 20cm, deeply burying a soil conditioner in the grooves for 20cm in thickness, backfilling the excavated soil for 10cm, backfilling mixed soil for 15cm, flattening the ground surface, thoroughly watering, and burying for a long time; after soil improvement, the soil of the autumn and moon pear planting field is divided into a plurality of layers, the lowest layer is an original soil layer from top to bottom, and the soil has a high-efficiency water-fixing effect; the second layer is an improved layer, has strong hydrophobic property and high-efficiency hydrophobic and breathable effect, and prevents the occurrence of root stuffiness of pear trees in autumn and moon; the third layer is a secondary improvement layer, is mainly applied to the layer during fertilization, has better hydrophobicity and fertilizer retention property, and promotes the slow release of the fertility of the fertilizer after application; the uppermost layer is a surface soil layer, the soil of the uppermost layer is soft, the uppermost layer is suitable for the survival of microorganisms, and the ecological system of the whole plantation is improved;

the soil conditioner is prepared by the following method: mixing 3 parts of diatomite, 55 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of dry chicken manure with the granularity of 3mm, 20 parts of dry cow manure, 10 parts of dry soybean hull, 5 parts of walnut shell powder, 3 parts of peanut shell powder, 9 parts of artemisia selengensis powder, 2 parts of houttuynia cordata dry powder, 7 parts of bitter bamboo powder and 1 part of calcium superphosphate with 120 parts of clean river sand with the granularity of 3mm, completely spraying 5% of carbendazim solution, uniformly turning, and sealing and fermenting for 5 days by using a thin film;

the mixed soil is prepared by mixing and processing dug soil of a planting ditch and a soil conditioner according to the proportion of 10: 3;

secondly, in the spring beginning of the next year, the earth surface is deeply turned for 30cm again, planting ditches with the depth of 35cm are arranged along the sunny direction, and the distance between every two adjacent planting ditches is 1.8 m; planting autumn pear seedlings in planting furrows with a plant spacing of 1.3m, pouring root fixing liquid after planting, and carrying out tissue culture until the trunk of a fruit tree is 2-3 m high; the root fixing solution is prepared by mixing a diluent which is 500 times of decomposed human and animal excreta and rice washing water according to the proportion of 10:5, and also comprises nitrogen fertilizer accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the diluent, artemisia selengensis extract of 2 percent and carbendazim wettable powder of 0.3 percent;

step three, modeling:

s2, controlling the length of the branches to be about 50cm in the growth process of the trunks of the fruit trees; the number of branches on one branch is less than 5, namely 10cm branches; controlling the distance between the upper branch and the lower branch to be about 30 cm; if the distance between the upper branch and the lower branch exceeds 50cm, performing cuttage differentiation between the two corresponding branches to differentiate new branches;

s3, controlling the first branch of the fruit tree to be positioned about 60cm above the root of the fruit tree in the tissue culture process of the fruit tree; meanwhile, the fruit bearing number of the autumn-month pears in the tissue culture process is controlled to be not more than 3, so that the fruit bearing is avoided, all nutrients absorbed by the fruit trees are used for the growth of the fruit trees, and the rapid tissue differentiation of the tender branches after the pruning and the cutting differentiation is promoted, so that the fruit trees are rapidly formed;

step four, fertilizer and water management: and (3) performing conventional fertilizer and water management on the fruit trees in the growth process, removing weak fruits, diseased fruits or over-dense fruits by randomly bearing the fruits after the trunk of the fruit trees grows to be 2 m-3 m high, and performing shaping and trimming on the fruit trees in the bearing period according to the steps of S1, S2 and S3.

In this embodiment, the cutting differentiation method is as follows:

cutting a main trunk between two branches with the distance of more than 50cm at spring beginning every year until a lignified main trunk is seen, wherein the depth is 1cm, cutting the autumn-moon pear cutting slips of the same variety with 2 spores into a deep opening after smearing nutrient solution, coating a film, injecting 10ml of nutrient solution into the film, and carrying out tissue differentiation culture; the scribing port is an oblique upward 45-degree scribing port;

cutting the branches at a proper position between two adjacent branches until lignification parts are seen on the branches, namely when the distance between the two adjacent branches on the branches exceeds 20cm, cutting the autumn-moon pear ears with 1 spore into a deep opening after the branches are coated with nutrient solution, coating the film, injecting 7ml of nutrient solution into the film, and carrying out tissue differentiation culture;

cutting the autumn-moon pear cutting slips of the same variety with 2 spores into a deep opening after smearing nutrient solution, enveloping, injecting 8ml of nutrient solution into the film, and carrying out tissue differentiation culture; the differentiated branch is used as a first branch;

when the distance between any branch on the trunk and the differentiated branch exceeds 50cm, namely the distance between the differentiated branch and other branches exceeds 50cm, carrying out cuttage differentiation treatment according to the same method;

after the cuttage differentiation treatment and the modeling pruning, the pear tree in autumn and moon is not very high like a Christmas tree but is well-arranged, so that the vertical distance between the fruit and the trunk of the pear tree is 50cm, after the fruit is mature, the fruit is basically seen as branches and fruits, the fruit surrounds the trunk, and the leaves are few;

the nutrient solution is prepared by the following method:

adding 40ml of sugarcane juice, 4g of 1-MCP, 9g of aluminum sulfate, 6g of dimethylamino succinic acid, 16ml of cooked banana peel pure juice, 4g of calcium levulinate, 4g of cytokinin, 3ml of salicylic acid and 7ml of neopentyl glycol into 1L of deionized water;

the cutting shoot comprises an upper cut and a lower cut, the length is controlled to be less than 3cm, and the distance between a spore and the upper cut is not more than 0.5 cm; the lower incision is used for cutting into the cutting opening, and is cut into an inclined opening with the angle of 45 degrees, the length of the inclined opening is 1.2cm, and the epidermis on the inclined opening is peeled off.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method of autumn moon pears is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. soil improvement: selecting a sunny sandy loam area as a plantation in summer in the first year, deeply ploughing the ground surface for 45-50 cm, removing large stones, opening deep grooves with the same depth, keeping the distance between every two adjacent grooves for 20-30 cm, deeply burying soil conditioner in the grooves, wherein the thickness is 20-25 cm, backfilling the dug soil for 10-15 cm, backfilling mixed soil for 10-15 cm, leveling the ground surface, thoroughly watering, and burying for winter;

c. modeling:

s1, controlling the trunk of the fruit tree to vertically and freely grow in the tissue culture process of the fruit tree, cutting off the tip when the trunk of the fruit tree grows to 2-3 m high, and controlling the fruit tree not to grow high;

s3, controlling the first branch of the fruit tree to be 50-60 cm above the root of the fruit tree in the tissue culture process of the fruit tree;

2. The planting method of autumn moon pears as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cutting differentiation method is as follows:

or performing cuttage differentiation treatment on the branches and the middle parts with the distance between two adjacent branches being more than or equal to 20cm according to the method;

or performing cuttage differentiation treatment on the position, 50-60 cm away from the root, of the trunk by the same method; the differentiated branch is used as a first branch;

or when the distance between any branch on the trunk and the differentiated branch is more than or equal to 40cm, carrying out cuttage differentiation treatment according to the same method.

3. The planting method of autumn moon pears as claimed in claim 2, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared by the following method:

4. The planting method of autumn moon pears as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cutting spike comprises an upper cut and a lower cut, the length is controlled to be 1.5-3 cm, and the distance between spores and the upper cut is less than or equal to 0.5 cm; the lower incision is used for cutting into the cutting opening, and is cut into an inclined opening with the angle of 30-45 degrees, the length of the inclined opening is 0.5-1.2 cm, and the epidermis is stripped.

5. The method for planting autumn moon pears as claimed in claim 1, wherein fruit bearing of autumn moon pear trees is controlled to be not more than 3 or not more than 3 in the tissue culture process.

6. The planting method of autumn moon pears as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared by the following method:

7. The planting method of autumn moon pears as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed soil is prepared by mixing and processing dug soil of planting ditches and soil conditioners according to a ratio of 10: 2-3.

8. The planting method of autumn moon pears as claimed in claim 1, wherein the root fixing solution is a 500-fold dilution of decomposed human and animal excreta and rice washing water, and is prepared by mixing and processing according to a ratio of 10: 3-5, and further comprises a nitrogen fertilizer accounting for 1-2% of the total weight of the dilution, 1-2% of artemisia selengensis extract and 0.3-0.5% of carbendazim wettable powder.