CN110723956A - 一种铝电解槽干式料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种铝电解槽干式料,是由下列重量份数的原料制备而成:3‑5mmYS45焦宝石熟料20‑30份、1‑3mmYS45焦宝石熟料10‑20份、0‑1mmYS45焦宝石熟料10‑20份、200目YS36焦宝石生料10‑20份、200目50高铝矾土粉1‑15份、200目钾长石粉1‑10份、200目85硅微粉1‑10份、200目石英砂1‑10份、200目硼酸1‑10份、添加剂1‑10份。本发明的有益作用在生产精干式料时,提高干式防渗料的高温性能;采用45焦宝石熟料的配比,试样体积密度、抗渗透率较好,表层形成一薄层霞石层,有效阻止了进一步的渗透。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铝电解槽干式料及其制备方法。
背景技术
在铝工业中,不定形耐火材料应用广泛。通常耐火材料用于原生电解铝的生产和二次熔炼铝两个领域。由于铝液流动性好,渗透性强,熔铝感应炉均采用不定形耐火材料砌筑整体炉衬。整体炉衬有利于防止铝液渗透,施工方便,效率高。原生铝的主要生产设备是电解槽,槽底铺设阴极碳砖。由于存在砖缝,在生产过程中电解质透过砖缝渗透到阴极底部,腐蚀了槽底保温砖,破坏了电解槽的保温结构,从而导致电解槽的报废。而在电解槽阴极碳砖底部铺设防渗料,一方面阻止铝液及电解质的渗透,另一方面防止电解质对槽底保温砖的侵蚀。
在20世纪80年代,电解槽主要使用不定形浇注料作为铝电解槽的防渗保温料,由于浇注料存在水分,电解过程中水分蒸发导致电解质及熔融铝液渗透,破坏电解槽的保温工艺。90年代初,电解槽普遍使用干式料作为防渗料。电解槽用防渗料要求耐火材料具备两方面要求:1)防止铝液及电解质渗透;2)抵抗铝液及电解质腐蚀。因此,防渗料不仅可用于电解槽作为保温防渗层,而且可以用于熔炼金属铝的各种感应炉炉衬上。开发适合我国矿藏的铝质耐火材料可大大降低铝工业生产成本,节约资源。首先要提高铝质耐火材料的质量,完善生产工艺是开发铝工业用耐火材料的关键。提高铝质不定形耐火材料的质量,需要提高基质料的耐火度和抗腐蚀性能,需要完善不定形耐火材料的成型工艺。因此,对铝质耐火材料的成型工艺、烧结工艺和抗熔融铝及电解质的腐蚀机理进行系统而细致的研究,是开发铝工业用耐火材料的前提条件。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种铝电解槽干式料及其制备方法,目的在于提高干式料的高温抗侵蚀性能,同时具有一定的抗热震性。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案实现:
一种铝电解槽干式料,是由下列重量份数的原料制备而成:3-5mm焦宝石熟料20-30份、1-3mm焦宝石熟料10-20份、0-1mm焦宝石熟料10-20份、200目焦宝石生料10-20份、200目高铝矾土粉1-15份、200目钾长石粉1-10份、200目硅微粉1-10份、200目石英砂1-10份、200目硼酸1-10份、添加剂1-10份。
所述添加剂为200目黏土粉。
一种铝电解槽干式料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)原料粉碎筛分细磨:将焦宝石熟料原料用颚式破碎机破碎成大颗粒,再用辊式破碎机将焦宝石熟料大颗粒粉碎成粒径为0-5mm的小颗粒,小颗粒按粒径不同筛分为0-1mm、1-3mm、3-5mm的三种粒径的焦宝石熟料原料;将焦宝石生料原料用颚式破碎机破碎成大颗粒,再用辊式破碎机将焦宝石生料大颗粒粉碎成粒径为0-5mm的小颗粒,选取部分小颗粒用球磨机细磨成粒径为200目;
2)搅拌:按照上述重量份数将焦宝石熟料、1-3mm焦宝石熟料、0-1mm焦宝石熟料、200目焦宝石生料、200目高铝矾土粉、200目钾长石粉、200目硅微粉投入混料机中,然后在2-3分钟内一次性缓慢加入黏土粉;之后加入硼酸混合1~2分钟,最后加入石英砂粉末混合20~30分钟后出料。
在电解槽运行过程中,由于NaF、Na3 AlF6(冰晶石)熔融盐的存在及直流电场的作用,产生少量的Na2O蒸气,使得耐火材料结构被破坏,从而失去对下面保温层的保护作用,最终导致电解槽损坏。若选用Al2O3-SiO2系原料,从Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2三元相图可以得知,当Al2O3/SiO2质量比在一定范围内(相当于霞石中的Al2O3/SiO2)时,其低熔物的熔化温度都在732℃以上。因此,渗入物在防渗料层就已凝固,从而不能渗入到隔热层。在电解过程中,由于Na2O与NaF的渗透作用,与防渗料发生反应,生成霞石与SiF4,其反应如下:
Na2O+Al2O3+SiO2→Na2AlSiO4(霞石)
NaF+Al2O3+SiO2→Na2AlSiO4(霞石)+SiF4
在凝固线温度以上,霞石粘度很大,堵塞防渗料气孔;在凝固线温度以下,霞石起到屏障作用,阻挡或减缓电解质继续向下渗透,保护下面保温层面免受电解质侵蚀,从而延长电解槽使用寿命。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的有益作用在生产精干式料时,加大石英砂、粘土加入量,引入36焦宝石生料提高干式防渗料的高温性能;采用45焦宝石熟料的配比,试样体积密度、抗渗透率较好,表层形成一薄层霞石层,有效阻止了进一步的渗透;在使用45焦宝石熟料时,石英砂和粘土加入量满足SiO2含量在51%~59%、Al2O3+SiO2含量≥80%。降低成本,增大利润空间。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明:
一种铝电解槽干式料,是由下列重量份数的原料制备而成:3-5mmYS45焦宝石熟料20-30份、1-3mmYS45焦宝石熟料10-20份、0-1mmYS45焦宝石熟料10-20份、200目YS36焦宝石生料10-20份、200目50高铝矾土粉1-15份、200目钾长石粉1-10份、200目85硅微粉1-10份、200目石英砂1-10份、200目硼酸1-10份、添加剂1-10份。
所述添加剂为200目黏土粉。
一种铝电解槽干式料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)原料粉碎筛分细磨:将焦宝石熟料原料用颚式破碎机破碎成大颗粒,再用辊式破碎机将焦宝石熟料大颗粒粉碎成粒径为0-5mm的小颗粒,小颗粒按粒径不同筛分为0-1mm、1-3mm、3-5mm的三种粒径的焦宝石熟料原料;将焦宝石生料原料用颚式破碎机破碎成大颗粒,再用辊式破碎机将焦宝石生料大颗粒粉碎成粒径为0-5mm的小颗粒,选取部分小颗粒用球磨机细磨成粒径为200目;
2)搅拌:按照上述重量份数将焦宝石熟料、1-3mm焦宝石熟料、0-1mm焦宝石熟料、200目焦宝石生料、200目高铝矾土粉、200目钾长石粉、200目硅微粉投入混料机中,然后在2~3分钟内一次性缓慢加入黏土粉;之后加入硼酸混合1~2分钟,最后加入石英砂粉末混合20~30分钟后出料。
在上述配方中YS45焦宝石熟料、YS36焦宝石生料、50高铝矾土粉、钾长石粉、85硅微粉、石英砂、硼酸、黏土粉为市售原料。
实施例见表1:
表1实施例1-3原料配比
Claims (3)
1.一种铝电解槽干式料,其特征在于,是由下列重量份数的原料制备而成:3-5mm焦宝石熟料20-30份、1-3mm焦宝石熟料10-20份、0-1mm焦宝石熟料10-20份、200目焦宝石生料10-20份、200目高铝矾土粉1-15份、200目钾长石粉1-10份、200目硅微粉1-10份、200目石英砂1-10份、200目硼酸1-10份、添加剂1-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝电解槽干式料,其特征在于,所述添加剂为200目黏土粉。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述的铝电解槽干式料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)原料粉碎筛分细磨:将焦宝石熟料原料用颚式破碎机破碎成大颗粒,再用辊式破碎机将焦宝石熟料大颗粒粉碎成粒径为0-5mm的小颗粒,小颗粒按粒径不同筛分为0-1mm、1-3mm、3-5mm的三种粒径的焦宝石熟料原料;将焦宝石生料原料用颚式破碎机破碎成大颗粒,再用辊式破碎机将焦宝石生料大颗粒粉碎成粒径为0-5mm的小颗粒,选取部分小颗粒用球磨机细磨成粒径为200目;
2)搅拌:按照上述重量份数将焦宝石熟料、1-3mm焦宝石熟料、0-1mm焦宝石熟料、200目焦宝石生料、200目高铝矾土粉、200目钾长石粉、200目硅微粉投入混料机中,然后在2-3分钟内一次性缓慢加入黏土粉;之后加入硼酸混合1~2分钟,最后加入石英砂粉末混合20~30分钟后出料。
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CN115124357A (zh) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-09-30 | 郑州大学 | 一种利用铝灰熟料制备干式防渗料的方法 |
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