CN110692514A - Method for producing seeds of small-grain type hybrid - Google Patents
Method for producing seeds of small-grain type hybrid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for preparing seeds of small-grain hybrid seeds includes such steps as sowing the restoring rice line as male parent, the small-grain sterile rice line as female parent, direct sowing the male parent and female parent in a seedling throwing tray, and direct sowing the female parent and female parent; 0.6 jin/mu of male parent dry rice and 2.5 jin/mu of female parent sprout rice, and sowing in a mixed manner between 1 month and 22 days and 1 month and 30 days; before the female parent is sowed, the field is required to be leveled, when the female parent is sowed, the field surface is required to be anhydrous, the four sides are ditched, the middle part is dragged to the compartment, after the male parent and the female parent are sowed directly, the field is sealed and weeded when the field is anhydrous in the 2 nd to 3 rd days, and then the field is kept anhydrous for at least 3 days; and controlling the female parent to begin the ear 2-4 days earlier than the male parent. The method needs less working hours, is simple and convenient to operate, can mix the male parent and the female parent, and realizes simplified seed production while ensuring the improvement of the yield of the hybrid seeds and the reduction of the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to rice seed production, in particular to a seed production method of small-grain type hybrid seeds.
Background
With the marketization of hybrid rice seeds, the seed price is on the rise year after year. The main reasons for the high price of seeds include: firstly, competition and monopoly of variety management rights enable independent pricing in enterprises; secondly, the current seed method protects the intellectual property rights of the seeds and tightly combines the protection of the variety rights with the management of seed production and operation. Support of national policies and imbalance of supply and demand among different varieties cause that part of varieties sell the daily price; thirdly, the yield of seeds is reduced due to factors such as trans-regional production of seeds, increase of production cost of seeds, natural disasters and the like, and the factors directly influence the price of the seeds.
Hybrid rice seed production is a technical work with complicated procedures and intensive labor force, and a simple and feasible technical system and a substitution method are not found in a three-line method or a two-line method. At present, certain influence is caused to the hybrid rice seed production work along with the transfer of rural labor force, such as: the selection and the implementation of a seed production base are difficult, seed production fails due to the fact that labor is insufficient and the cultivation time is inconsistent, impurity removal in the field is not timely, so that the purity of seeds does not reach the standard, harvesting is not timely, and the seeds sprout in the ear. With the increasing warming of global climate, the planting pressure of more people and less land in China is gradually increased, how to ensure the grain safety of Chinese people is provided, great scientific research problems are provided for breeders, and higher requirements are provided for the production of two-line hybrid rice seeds. How to produce the rice hybrid rapidly and simply becomes the key to solve the problem.
The Japanese scholars Maruyama put forward a parental hybrid sowing technology in 1991 and apply the technology to the three-line method rice seed production practice, and the result shows that the method can obtain more pollen amount than the conventional seed production method, and is beneficial to improving the seed production yield. A great deal of research of predecessors finds that the mixed sowing method can save a great deal of labor force and realize mechanized seed production. But the bottleneck of hybrid seeding method is how to ensure the purity of hybrid rice seeds, i.e. how to harvest the hybrid rice seeds after the mixed seeding of parents? Wu Bright et al (2010) have established that mechanical sorting of hybrid rice seeds with large differences in grain type can be achieved. The research of xu' e-Erbo et al (2015) proves the possibility of hybrid rice seed production by using two recessive small-grain sterile lines as female parent, using carbon dioxide treatment to promote flowering, respectively hybridizing with 9 different large-grain restorer lines, mixing and sieving hybrid seeds and large-grain male parent, and finding that the purity of the sieved hybrid seeds is above 97.5%, and the proper grain width difference should be greater than 0.7 mm. Therefore, the seed production is carried out by using the small-grain type sterile line which has obvious difference with the restorer line in grain width, and the light and simplified seed production of the hybrid seeds can be realized.
However, the cost of farmer planting is high at present, and the price of hybrid seeds is a very important reason, for example, the price of each kilogram of high-quality rice such as Taiyou 390, Hyou 518 and the like widely planted in the middle rice area of Yangtze river and super rice varieties reaches more than 35 yuan, and the purchase cost of the farmer seeds reaches 175 yuan calculated by the using amount of 2.5 kilograms of rice per mu. According to the tracking investigation of the seed production process of the hybrid seeds in the Hainan breeding base, the traditional seed production process is found to be complicated, for example, the processes of seeding, seedling raising, transplanting, powder dispelling, batch harvesting of male and female parents and the like have more labor, the labor cost is higher and higher, and multiple factors are mixed together, so that the production cost of the hybrid seeds is increased continuously. Therefore, the production process of hybrid rice seeds is in urgent need of technical innovation, and the reduction of the production cost of hybrid seeds is important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seed production method of small-grain type hybrid seeds, which is simple and convenient to operate, high in efficiency and obvious in effect, aiming at the problems of high labor consumption and high seed cost of hybrid seed production in the prior art so as to improve the yield, quality and production cost of small-grain type sterile line hybrid seed production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for preparing seeds of small-grain hybrid includes such steps as sowing the restoring rice line as male parent, the small-grain sterile rice line as female parent, direct sowing the male parent and female parent in seedling throwing tray, and direct sowing the female parent and female parent; 0.6 jin/mu of male parent dry rice and 2.5 jin/mu of female parent sprout rice, and sowing in a mixed manner between 1 month and 22 days and 1 month and 30 days; before the female parent is sowed, the field is required to be leveled, when the female parent is sowed, the field surface is required to be anhydrous, the four sides are ditched, the middle part is dragged to the compartment, after the female parent is sowed, the field is closed to weed when the field is anhydrous on the 2 nd to 3 rd days, and then the field is kept anhydrous for at least 3 days; in the flowering phase prediction and regulation step, the female parent is controlled to start the spike 2-4 days earlier than the male parent.
The method is an improvement on the basis of the existing seed production method, and specifically, the seed production method comprises the steps of sowing difference, fertilizer and water management, pest control, flowering prediction and regulation, spraying 'Jiu-di ○', artificial auxiliary pollination and impurity removal:
(1) sowing difference: the restoring line of rice is used as male parent, the male parent and the female parent are used for direct seeding, the mixed seeding is carried out on a seedling throwing disc, the strong seedling is cultivated, the small-grain sterile line of rice is used as female parent, and the direct seeding is adopted. 0.6 kg/mu of male parent dry grain and 2.5 kg/mu of female parent sprout grain are mixed and sowed between 1 month, 22 days and 1 month, 30 days, and strong seedlings are cultivated.
Before sowing, the field is deeply ploughed and steeped in deep water to prevent grain and weed from falling, the field is required to be flat and ditched all around when the female parent is sowed, and the field surface is required to be anhydrous when the female parent is sowed. After the male parent and the female parent are mixed and directly sowed, closed herbal weeding is carried out when no water exists in the field for 2-3 days, and then the field is kept anhydrous for at least 3 days.
(2) And (3) fertilizer and water management: the female parent is sowed, 30 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu are used as base fertilizer in field leveling, 15 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu are used as topdressing after the male parent and the female parent are mixed for direct seeding and rehydration, and the fertility keeps a medium level in the seedling frame period. Is a conventional technology of the existing seed production method.
(3) And (3) pest control: the prevention is mainly carried out on the basis of persistence, the comprehensive prevention and treatment is carried out, and the seeds are disinfected during seed soaking. Because the density of the direct seeding is larger than that of the transplanted rice field, the growth amount is larger, and various plant diseases and insect pests are easier to occur. And (3) drying the field in time, and airing the field to prevent ineffective tillering, and realize 'attendance check, early detection and timely prevention and control'. Is a conventional technology of the existing seed production method.
(4) Flowering phase prediction and regulation: the direct seeding is used for seed production, and the ear-picking of the female parent population is fast and very regular. The female parent has the advantages of high stigma exposure rate, strong stigma activity and the like, so that the female parent is preferably controlled to start spikes 2-4 days earlier than the male parent.
(5) The Jiu-di ○ is sprayed, wherein the female parent is long in glume opening time, high in stigma exposure, long in stigma vitality maintaining time, hardly wraps the neck, sensitive to Jiu-di ○, and sprayed when 10% -15% of the female parent has ears under normal conditions, and sprayed under the condition that dew is not dry and no wind in the morning, 15g-20g is sprayed per mu, manual spraying can be selected, or unmanned aerial vehicle spraying can be selected, in the spraying process, the male parent and the female parent are uniformly sprayed, and if the female parent has rains within 4h, a proper amount of supplementary spraying must be carried out in time.
(6) Artificial supplementary pollination, which is a conventional technology of the existing seed production method.
(7) Removing impurities: the natural isolation is required to be more than 200 days, and the time isolation is required to be more than 20 days, so that the powder stringing is avoided. The impurity removing work is throughout the whole production process of the seed production, the special-shaped impurity plants are distinguished according to the characteristics of the variety such as growth period, plant leaf shape, plant height, leaf sheath and glume color, grain shape, whether awn exists and the like, and the male parent and the female parent are strictly removed. After the harvest is mature, the harvest is carried out in time in sunny weather, the rain ears are prevented from sprouting and smut, and instruments and sun planting places need to be cleaned up during harvesting, so that the mechanical mixing is prevented. Is a conventional technology of the existing seed production method.
After the rice is mature, the male parent and the female parent are hybridized to generate a first filial generation, the hybrid seeds and the male parent are mixed and harvested, the seeds are dried and cleaned, and then are screened by a rice seed sorting machine, the size of a sieve pore is 2.1mm, and the small-particle type hybrid seeds are obtained after screening.
The female parent of the above mentioned rice small-grain sterile line is Zuo 201S, see CN201610679340.0, in which a breeding method of the female parent is disclosed, and the male parent of the rice restorer line comprises seeds of the conventional rice restorer line such as R1998.
The seed production method adopts the rice small-grain sterile line android 201S as a female parent and the rice restorer line as a male parent, adopts the direct seeding technology of the male parent and the female parent, combines the series requirements of the female parent during seeding in the seed production process, and realizes the mechanized seed production of hybrid seeds. The method uniformly mixes and sows the male parent with high combining ability, strong disease resistance, homozygous genotype and the female parent of the small-grain sterile line with high stigma exposure rate, good outcrossing characteristic and excellent agronomic character into the field in the same time period, ensures the meeting of the flowering phases, and greatly improves the yield of hybrid seeds and reduces the production cost by using the series requirements of the female parent during sowing.
The method needs less working hours, is simple and convenient to operate, can mix the male parent and the female parent, and can screen, separate and sort the mixed hybrid seeds and the male parent seeds according to the difference of the grain thicknesses. The sorting is not limited by manpower or machinery, can be operated, and realizes light seed production while ensuring the yield improvement and the production cost reduction of the hybrid seeds.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1. Selecting a suitable base
The local microclimate environment is favorable for two-line rice seed production, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, the field is smooth, the fertility is uniform, and the Hainan Sanhe Ledong with good natural isolation conditions is selected as a seed production base. In the seed production scheme in 2017 and 2018, for example, two bases are divided into three blocks: the present invention group, control group 1 (conventional seed production method) and control group 2 (simplified seed production method described in CN 201610679340.0).
2. Sowing with difference and standard planting
The seed production selects the male parent R1998 to adopt the direct seeding of the male parent and the female parent, mixed seeding is carried out on a seedling throwing disc, and the tall 201S female parent adopts the direct seeding according to the fertility characteristics of the male parent and the female parent and the local climate conditions. 0.6 kg/mu of male parent dry grain and 2.5 kg/mu of female parent sprout grain are mixed and sowed before and after 1 month and 26 (22 days in 1 month and 30 days in 1 month), strong seedlings are cultivated, and fertilizer and water management is carried out according to a local high-yield mode.
Before sowing, the field is deeply ploughed and steeped in deep water to prevent grain and weed from falling, and the field is flat and ditched all around. When sowing, the field surface is anhydrous, the sowing quantity of each field is weighed according to the area of the field, and the field is strictly and uniformly sown. After the male parent and the female parent are mixed and directly sowed, closed herbal medicines are sprayed to weed in the absence of water in the field (day 2-3) according to the weather, and then the field is kept anhydrous for more than 3 days.
3. Management of fertilizer and water
And when the field is leveled, 30 kilograms of compound fertilizers per mu are used as base fertilizers, after direct seeding and rehydration, 15 kilograms of compound fertilizers per mu are used as topdressing, and the fertility is kept at a medium level in the seedling frame period.
4. Pest and disease prevention
The prevention is mainly carried out on the basis of persistence, the comprehensive prevention and treatment is carried out, and the seeds are disinfected during seed soaking. Because the density of the direct seeding is larger than that of the transplanted rice field, the growth amount is larger, and various plant diseases and insect pests are easier to occur. And (4) drying the field in time, and airing the field to prevent ineffective tillering. The prevention and control forecast of plant diseases and insect pests issued by local plant protection departments needs to be closely concerned, and the purpose of 'duty check, early detection and timely prevention and control' is achieved. The pesticide should be selected in good time and sprayed for prevention and cure in time.
5. Flowering phase prediction and regulation
The direct seeding is used for seed production, and the ear-picking of the female parent population is fast and very regular. The tall and erect 201S has the advantages of high stigma exposure rate, strong stigma activity and the like, so that the female parent is preferably controlled to start the spike 2 to 4 days earlier than the male parent, and if the female parent is 5 to 8 days earlier than the male parent, the seed production yield is slightly influenced but not large. The development progress of the parents is often observed, and regulation measures are taken in time when problems are found.
6. Spray "Jiu di ○"
The method has the advantages that the glume opening time of the tall 201S tree is long, the tree head is exposed highly, the vitality maintenance time of the tree head is long, the tree head is hardly wrapped in the neck and is sensitive to the nine-two ○, the spraying is started when 10% -15% of the ear of the female parent is seen under normal conditions, the spraying is carried out under the condition that dew is not dry and no wind in the morning, the manual spraying can be selected for 15g-20g per mu, the spraying can also be selected by an unmanned aerial vehicle, in the spraying process, the male parent and the female parent can be uniformly sprayed, and if raining within 4h, a proper amount of.
7. Artificial supplementary pollination
Because the male parent and the female parent are mixed and directly sown in the field, the pollen can be well received by the female parent only by slight breeze when the male parent blooms and looses the pollen, and the female parent can be pollinated by completely utilizing natural wind. If not reassured, 11 a morning: pollen can be driven for 1 time by using ropes before and after 00, and the seed production households with conditional conditions can utilize an unmanned aerial vehicle for auxiliary pollination. If the rain is continuously rainy, the user should timely go to the field to observe whether the pollen blooms or scatters after the rain stops, and the pollen is replenished and driven.
8. Strict impurity removal
The purity of the seeds is ensured, isolation measures are required to be made, and the key is to strictly remove the foreign plants. The natural isolation is required to be more than 200 days, and the time isolation is required to be more than 20 days, so that the powder stringing is avoided. The impurity removing work is throughout the whole production process of the seed production, the special-shaped impurity plants are distinguished according to the characteristics of the variety such as growth period, plant leaf shape, plant height, leaf sheath and glume color, grain shape, whether awn exists and the like, and the male parent and the female parent are strictly removed. After the harvest is mature, the harvest is carried out in time in sunny weather, the rain ears are prevented from sprouting and smut, and instruments and sun planting places need to be cleaned up during harvesting, so that the mechanical mixing is prevented.
9. Mechanical sorting
The mature hybrid seeds and the male parents are mixed and harvested, the seeds are dried and cleaned, and then are screened by a rice seed sorting machine, and the specification of a sieve pore is 2.1 mm.
Results and analysis:
in 2017, the yield of the small-grain rice hybrid obtained by the seed production method is compared with that of the traditional seed production method (a control group 1) and that of the CN201610679340.0 seed production method (a control group 2), and the results are shown in the following table 1.
Table 12017 years old seed production method and existing method rice hybrid seed yield comparison
In 2018, the yield of the small-grain rice hybrid obtained by the seed production method is compared with that of the traditional seed production method (a control group 1) and that of the CN201610679340.0 seed production method (a control group 2), and the results are shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 22018 year-old seed production method and the yield comparison of rice hybrid seeds produced by the prior method
As can be seen from the above tables 1 and 2, the yield of the small-sized hybrid obtained by the method of the present invention using the tall and erect 201S as the female parent and the R1998 as the male parent is higher than that of the control group 1 and 2. The obtained small-grain hybrid rice is a indica type two-line hybrid rice variety, and is planted in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river as middle-season rice in one season. Compared with the traditional method, the method reduces production links such as sowing, seedling raising, transplanting and the like, reduces labor cost in the powder driving link, can achieve one-time mixed harvesting in harvesting, does not need manual male parent single harvesting, and compared with the seed production method of the control group 2, the method adopts the male parent to adopt the male parent and the female parent to directly seed, mixed sowing is carried out on a seedling throwing disc, and the female parent adopts the direct sowing mode. After the seedlings are cast and planted, compared with the seed production method of the control group 2, the single-stem bending resistance of the female parent plant in the mature period is measured by adopting a Tujia topu lodging resistance instrument, the average single-stem bending resistance of the female parent plant in the mature period of the method is 0.8097 +/-0.0112 Kpa/stem, and the average single-stem bending resistance of the female parent plant in the mature period of the control group 2 is 0.7323 +/-0.0262 Kpa/stem.
From the aspect of cost, compared with the control group 1: 1. sowing and seedling raising: the traditional seed production needs seedling raising, the method of the invention directly broadcasts and sows, and the cost is saved by about 60-80 yuan.
2. Transplanting rice seedlings: the traditional seed production and transplanting cost is 300 plus 400 yuan per mu, and the method of the invention does not need to transplant rice.
3. Powder removing: the method can utilize natural wind to drive the powder, can reduce the labor consumption, and can save 5-8 labor per mu of land by about 150 yuan.
Compared with the control group 2, the method of the invention comprises the following steps: the method of the invention seeds and throws the seedling tray, easy to form strong seedling, and can guarantee basic seedling during throwing planting, ensure the flowering phase of male parent, increase the seed production by 20-30%, increase income of farmers by 800 yuan per mu.
Claims (5)
1. A method for producing seeds of small-grain hybrid seeds is characterized in that: in the sowing difference step, a rice recovery line is taken as a male parent, a rice small-grain sterile line is taken as a female parent, the male parent adopts direct sowing of the male parent and the female parent, mixed sowing is carried out on a seedling throwing disc, and the female parent adopts direct sowing; 0.6 jin/mu of male parent dry rice and 2.5 jin/mu of female parent sprout rice, and sowing in a mixed manner between 1 month and 22 days and 1 month and 30 days; before the female parent is sowed, the field is required to be leveled, when the female parent is sowed, the field surface is required to be anhydrous, the four sides are ditched, the middle part is dragged to the compartment, after the male parent and the female parent are sowed directly, the field is sealed and weeded when the field is anhydrous in the 2 nd to 3 rd days, and then the field is kept anhydrous for at least 3 days; in the flowering phase prediction and regulation step, the female parent is controlled to start the spike 2-4 days earlier than the male parent.
2. The method for producing seeds of a granule-type hybrid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the female parent is android 201S.
3. The method for producing seeds of a granule-type hybrid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer when the female parent is flat before sowing, and the amount is 30 kg/mu.
4. The method for producing seeds of a granule-type hybrid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parent and the female parent are directly sown and rehydrated and then topdressed with 15 kg/mu compound fertilizer, and the fertility is maintained at a moderate level in the seedling stage.
5. The method for producing seeds of a granule-type hybrid of claim 1, wherein the male parent and the female parent are harvested simultaneously when the rice is mature, the seeds are dried, cleaned and screened by 2.1mm, and the granule-type hybrid is obtained under the screen.
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2019
- 2019-11-11 CN CN201911093408.7A patent/CN110692514A/en active Pending
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| CN101836580A (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2010-09-22 | 中国水稻研究所 | Method for simplifying hybrid rice seed production process and improving production efficiency |
| CN105532433A (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-05-04 | 国家粳稻工程技术研究中心 | Hybrid rice mixed sowing seed production technology performed according to male and female parent grain shape difference |
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Application publication date: 20200117 |