CN1106849A - 铜及铜合金的表面处理剂 - Google Patents

铜及铜合金的表面处理剂 Download PDF

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CN1106849A
CN1106849A CN94108532A CN94108532A CN1106849A CN 1106849 A CN1106849 A CN 1106849A CN 94108532 A CN94108532 A CN 94108532A CN 94108532 A CN94108532 A CN 94108532A CN 1106849 A CN1106849 A CN 1106849A
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acid
copper
benzoglyoxaline
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CN1163552C (zh
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牧善朗
中川登志子
古川良昭
王谷稔
春田孝史
山并摩纪
中村幸子
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Abstract

提供一种在铜及铜合金表面上可形成既使暴露 于高温下也不降低钎焊性能的有机覆膜的水溶性表 面处理剂,所述处理剂含有以通式(Ⅰ)等表示的苯并 咪唑化合物或其盐,作为覆膜形成成分。 (式中,A1为烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,芳烷基,苯基羰 基或卤原子;R1为含有卤原子的烷基、链烯基、炔基 或芳基;a为0—4的整数)。

Description

本发明涉及一种可用作印刷线路板的防锈剂等的、铜及铜合金的表面处理剂。
作为印刷电路板的由铜形成的电路的防锈、保持其焊接性的方法,有用其它金属覆盖电路和以有机薄膜覆盖电路的方法,这些方法考虑到成本、表面平滑性等而分别被使用。
在后一方法中,用于形成有机覆膜的材料中,有涂敷整块印刷电路板的松香系涂层剂,和由化学反应有选择地仅在铜的电路部分形成覆膜的烷基咪唑系涂层剂。
使用松香系涂层剂的方法是,将天然松香、松香酯、松香改性马来酸树脂等溶于有机溶剂后,由涂布、喷雾或浸渍整个印刷电路板作处理后,干燥形成覆膜。然而,使用该方法时,由于有机溶剂挥发而存在作业环境及安全上的问题。因此,需要安装具有通风室等排气手段的特别装置。
这样,希望使用在作业环境和安全方面具优越性的水溶性烷基咪唑系涂层剂的要求就日益高涨起来。然而,烷基咪唑系涂层剂的薄膜的缺点是,暴露于高温中易变质,阻碍焊接时所用的接头焊剂的作用,降低焊接性。
近年来,在印刷电路板上接上电子部件的方法已转向表面安装法,电路因部件的定位焊(止め)或膏状钎锡料的软溶等而使其暴露于高温的时候多了起来。为此,人们要求一种既使其暴露于高温下之后其焊接性能也不降低的水溶性的表面处理剂。
作为响应这样的要求而开发的产品,在日本专利公开3-124395号公报上,公开了一种使用了在2位上具有氢原子、烷基或苯基的苯并咪唑的涂层剂。
虽然,如上述公报所述,为改善烷基咪唑系涂层剂的耐热性而作了努力,但实际情况是,仍无法得到可令人满意的性能。
本发明系鉴于上述问题点而作,本发明的目的在于,提供一种在作业环境和安全方面具优越性能、且耐热性得到进一步改善的、铜及铜合金的表面处理剂。
本发明者们为了解决上述课题,反复进行了种种研究。结果,发现:作为苯并咪唑化合物使用下述通式(1)-(6)所表示的化合物或其盐,可在铜表面上形成具有良好耐热性和焊接性的薄膜。
Figure 941085325_IMG8
(式中,A1为烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,芳烷基,苯基羰基或卤原子;R1为含有卤原子的烷基、链烯基、炔基或芳基;a为0-4的整数)
Figure 941085325_IMG9
(式中,R2为亚烷基,亚链烯基,亚炔基或亚芳基;A2为氢原子,烷基,炔基,芳基,芳烷基,苯基羰基或卤原子;b为0或1;A1及a分别如同上述)
(式中,A3为烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,芳烷基,苯基羰基或卤原子;C为0-7的整数;A1,R2,a及b分别如同上述)
(式中,A4为链烯基,炔基,芳基,芳烷基;d为0-5的整数;R2,A1,a分别如同上述)
Figure 941085325_IMG12
(式中,A5及A6分别为烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,芳烷基或苯基羰基)
Figure 941085325_IMG13
(式中,A7为氢原子,低级烷基或卤原子;e为1-6的整数;A1定义如同前述)
即,本发明涉及一种铜及铜合金的表面处理剂,其特征在于,在使用的以苯并咪唑化合物为薄膜形成成分的水溶性的铜及铜合金的表面处理剂中,使用了以上述通式(1)-(6)所表示的苯并咪  唑化合物或其盐中的至少一种作为苯并咪唑化合物。
实施例
作为以通式(Ⅰ)表示的化合物的具体例子可举出如,2-(氯甲基)苯并咪唑,5-乙基-2-(氯甲基)苯并咪唑,5-壬基-2-(2-氯-3-溴丙基)苯并咪唑,5-乙烯基-2-(7-氯庚基)苯并咪唑,6-苯乙烯基-2-(2-溴乙烯基)苯并咪唑,5-(1-丙烯基)-2-(2-氯-2-苯基乙烯基)苯并咪唑,6-丁二烯基-2-(2-氯乙基)苯并咪唑,4-乙炔基-2-(1-溴-2-丙烯基)苯并咪唑,6-丙烯基-2-(4-(氯苯基)苯并咪唑,5-苯基-2-(5-碘-α-萘基)苯并咪唑,6-α-萘基-2-(5-氟-9-蒽基)苯并咪唑,5-(2-蒽基)-2-(4-氯甲基)苯基)苯并咪唑,7-对甲苯基-2-(3-甲基-4-溴苯基)苯并咪唑,4-苯基-5-丙基-2-(4-(氯甲基)苯基)苯并咪唑等。
作为以通式(2)表示的化合物的具体例子,可举出如,4-甲基-2-丙烯基苯并咪唑,5-壬基-2-苯乙烯基苯并咪唑,6-乙烯基-2-丙烯基苯并咪唑,7-乙炔基-2-丁二烯基苯并咪唑,4-苯基-2-乙烯基苯并咪唑,4-甲基-5-乙基-2-苯乙烯基苯并咪唑,4-对甲苯基-5-乙基-2-丙烯基苯并咪唑,4-甲基-5-乙基-6-苯基-2-(2-甲苯基乙烯基)苯并咪唑,6-(3,5-二甲苯基)-2-(1-氯-2-丁烯基)苯并咪唑等。
作为以通式(3)表示的化合物的具体例子,可举出如,2-(α-萘基甲基)苯并咪唑,2-(β-萘基甲基)苯并咪唑,2-(β-萘基)苯并咪唑,2-(α-萘基)苯并咪唑,2-〔2-(β-萘基)乙基〕-4-乙烯基苯并咪唑,6-异丁基-2-〔2-(β-萘基)乙基〕苯并咪唑,7-辛基-2-〔3-(4-甲基-α-萘基)丙基〕苯并咪唑,4-氯-2-〔4-(3-己基-β-萘基)丁基〕苯并咪唑,5-苄基-2-〔2-(5-氯-α-萘基)异丙基〕苯并咪唑,2-(5-氯-α-萘基)苯并咪唑,4-氯-6-乙基-2-〔2-(α-萘基)乙基〕苯并咪唑,6-环己基-2-〔2-(5-溴-6-乙基萘基)乙基〕苯并咪唑,4-苯基-2-〔3-乙烯基-2-(α-萘基)丙基〕苯并咪唑,6-癸基-2-〔8-(β-萘基)辛基〕苯并咪唑,2-〔2-(7-苯乙基-β-萘基)乙基〕苯并咪唑,2-(6-吡啶基-3-甲基-β-萘基甲基)苯并咪唑,2-〔3-(7-苯酰基-β-萘基)丙基〕苯并咪唑,2-(7-甲氧基-2-亚萘基环己烷-1,5-二烯)苯并咪唑,2-(7-茚基-β-萘基甲基)苯并咪唑,2-(7-氯乙基-β-萘基甲基)苯并咪唑,4,5-二甲基-2-〔7-(4-乙炔基苯基)-α-萘基〕苯并咪唑等。
作为以通式(4)表示的化合物的具体例子有例如,5-乙烯基-2-〔4-(4-丙基苯基)苯基)苯并咪唑,4-乙炔基-2-〔6-(3-氯-4-肉桂基苯基)己基)苯并咪唑,4-苄基-2-〔2-(3,5-二甲苯基)乙基〕苯并咪唑等。
作为以通式(5)表示的化合物的具体例子有,例如,5,5'-二苯并咪唑,2-甲基-2'-乙基-5,5'-二苯并咪唑,2-壬基-2'-异丙基-5,5'-二苯并咪唑,2-乙烯基-2'-苯乙烯基-4,5'-二苯并咪唑,2-乙炔基-2'-苯基-4,4'-二苯并咪唑,2-萘基-2'-对甲苯基-5,5'-二苯并咪唑,2-(5-苯乙基戊基)-2'-肉桂基-5,5'-二苯并咪唑,2-苯乙基-2'-苯基羰基-4,5'-二苯并咪唑,2-〔2-(4-氯苯基)乙基〕-2'-(3-苯基丁基)-5,5'-二苯并咪唑等。
作为以通式(6)表示的化合物的具体例子,有,例如,2-甲基白啶,5-氯-2-壬基白啶,4,5-二氯-2-乙烯基白啶,5-甲基-2-乙炔基白啶,4,5-二甲基-2-苯基白啶,2-苯基羰基白啶,5-乙基-2-苯乙烯基白啶,5,6,8-三甲基-2-苄基白啶等。
对于上述以通式(1)-(6)表示的苯并咪唑化合物的盐并无特别限制。例如,可有甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、正丁酸、异丁酸、丙烯酸、巴豆酸、异巴豆酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、己二酸、马来酸、乙炔二羰酸、一氯乙酸、三氯乙酸、一溴乙酸、乳酸、羟基丁酸、甘油酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、正戊酸、1-甲基丁酸、2-甲基丁酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、反(式)-2-甲基-2-戊烯酸、苯乙酸、3-苯基戊酸、4-苯基戊酸、苯甲酸、ω-环己基丁酸、α-萘乙酸、二苯乙酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、2-正丁基丙二酸、苯二甲酸、1-氯丙酸、2-氯丙酸、2-氯丁酸、2-氯戊酸、2-氯己酸、2-氯庚酸、2-氯辛酸、2-溴丙酸、3-溴丙酸、2-溴丁酸、4-溴丁酸、2-溴戊酸、5-溴戊酸、2-溴己酸、6-溴己酸、2-溴庚酸、7-溴庚酸、对氯苯乙酸、对溴苯乙酸等有机酸;和例如,盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等无机酸的盐。
上述苯并咪唑化合物的理想含量取决于对于溶剂的溶解性、分散性等,不能一概而定,但一般在表面处理剂中为0.1-5.0%(重量%,以下皆同)。
上述以通式(1)-(6)表示的苯并咪唑化合物不溶于水,又,其一部分盐对水也呈不溶性。然而,因本发明的表面处理剂的溶剂(分散剂)主要为水,由适当并用上述的酸和水溶性有机溶剂,可将苯并咪唑化合物稳定地溶解、或分散于水中。
作为上述水溶性有机溶剂,可举出如,甲醇,乙醇,异丙醇,乙二醇-甲醚,乙二醇单乙醚等。
此外,对于配制使用苯并咪唑化合物的本发明的表面处理剂的方法并无限制,例如,可将苯并咪唑化合物和水溶性有机酸等的水溶液混合,配制苯并咪唑化合物的溶液或分散液后,也可与特定的有机酸混合,将苯并咪唑化合物作成与特定的有机酸的盐后,与水溶性有机酸等的水溶液混合,配制成溶液或分散液。
为了提高薄膜形成性能和薄膜耐热性能,也可在本发明的表面处理剂中添加如乙酸锌、氢氧化锌、硫化锌、磷酸锌、氧化锌、氯化锌、乙酸铅、氢氧化铅、氯化铁、氧化铁、氯化铜、氧化铜、氢氧化铜、溴化铜、磷酸铜、碳酸铜、乙酸铜、硫酸铜、草酸铜、甲酸铜、乙酸镍、硫化镍等的金属化合物等,根据需要,也可再添加已用于已往的表面处理剂的各种添加剂。
将如上所得的本发明的表面处理剂与铜或铜合金接触,即可在其表面上形成具有优异的耐热性、焊接性的有机薄膜。
下面,用实施例和对照例来更详细地说明本发明。
实施例1
(使用以通式(1)表示的化合物的表面处理剂)
将4-氯苯二胺142.5g(1摩尔)和对-氯苯乙酸170.5g(1摩尔)及对甲苯磺酸的-水合物(以下简称为PTS)190g(1摩尔)充分混合,由搅拌该混合物边由覆套式电阻加热器在30分钟内升温至200℃,在200-220℃加热3小时(水蒸汽几近完全消去)。将得到的反应生成物注于氨水中,搅拌固化后,水洗、干燥;得到紫色粉状物。用溶剂将该粉状物再结晶,得到白色针状结晶。将得到2-(对氯苯基甲基)-6-氯苯并咪唑0.5g加入于其量足可溶解该物的醋酸中,使之溶解,所得溶液加于添加了氯化铜0.04g的100ml水中,配制成处理液。
将1cm×5cm×0.3mm的铜板进行脱脂、水洗,然后,在30℃下浸于微蚀刻剂〔美克株式会社生产的メシクブライトCB-801〕中1分钟,再经水洗,制备成表面清净了的试片。将该试验片在上述处理液中,在40℃,作1分钟的浸渍处理,在铜表面形成拒水性的薄膜。然后,水洗、干燥。将所得的试验片在200℃加热10分钟,铜表面几乎没见到变色。再在该加热后的试验片上涂布超低(量)残渣型接头焊剂(美克株式会社生产的AP-4626),由表面张力法(メニスコゲラフ法)进行焊锡浸润性试验。其试验结果示于表1。另外,t1(从浸渍开始至达到成为表面张力的浮力的峰值的时间)及t2〔从浸渍开始至成为表面张力的浮力为零(即接触角为90°)的时间〕的值越小,表示其焊锡浸润性越好。
实施例2
(使用以通式(Ⅰ)表示的化合物的表面处理剂)
使用苯二胺和对氯苯乙酸及PTS,与实施例1同法,合成了2-(对-氯苯基甲基)苯并咪唑。将所得的2-(对-氯苯甲基)苯并咪唑0.5g加于其量可溶解该化合物的乙酸中,使之溶解。再将其加于添加了氯化铜0.04g的100ml水中,配制成处理液。
用所得的处理液与实施例1同样处理试验片,则在铜表面上形成拒水性薄膜。再在200℃,加热10分钟,铜表面上几乎没有变色。所得的试验片的焊锡浸润性能试验的结果示于表1。
实施例3
(使用以通式(2)表示的化合物的表面处理剂)
用苯二胺、1-苯基-2-丁酸和PTS,与实施例1同法,合成制得2-(3-苯基-2-丙烯基)苯并咪唑。将所得的2-(3-苯基-2-丙烯基)苯并咪唑0.5g加于足够溶解该化合物的量的乙酸中,均匀混合。混合物再加于添加了氯化铜0.04g的100ml水中,充分搅拌,配制得处理液。用所得处理液与实施例1同样处理试验片,在铜表面上形成拒水性薄膜,再在200℃,加热10分钟,铜表面上几乎见不到变色。所得试验片的焊锡浸润性试验结果示于表1。
实施例4
(使用以通式(2)表示的化合物的表面处理剂)
使用4-氯苯二胺、1-苯基-1-丁烯酸和PTS,与实施例1同法,合成制得2-(3-苯基-2-丙烯基)-6-氯苯并咪唑,将所得的2-(3-苯基-2-丙烯基)-6-氯苯并咪唑0.5g加于足够溶解该化合物的量的乙酸中,均匀混合。再将该混合物加于添加了氯化铜0.04g的100ml水中,充分搅拌,配制得处理液。使用所得处理液与实施例1同样,对试验片进行处理,则在铜表面上形成拒水性薄膜。再在200℃,加热10分钟,铜表面几乎见不到变色。所得试验片的焊锡浸润性能试验的结果示于表1。
实施例5
(使用以通式(3)表示的化合物的表面处理剂)
使用苯二胺和α-萘乙酸及PTS,与实施例1同法,合成了2-(α-萘基甲基)苯并咪唑。将所得的2-(α-萘基甲基)苯并咪唑0.5g加于其量可溶解该化合物的乙酸中,均匀混合。再将其加于添加了氯化铜0.04g的100ml水中,再加入庚酸0.1g,充分搅拌,配制成处理液。
用所得的处理液与实施例1同样处理试验片,则在铜表面上形成拒水性薄膜。再在200℃,加热10分钟,铜表面几乎见不到变色。所得的试验片的焊锡浸润性能试验的结果示于表1。
实施例6
(使用以通式(3)表示的化合物的表面处理剂)
用苯二胺、2-萘丙烯酸和PTS,与实施例1同法,合成制得2-(α-萘基乙基)苯并咪唑。将所得的2-(α-萘基乙基)苯并咪唑0.5g加于足够溶解该化合物的量的乙酸中,均匀混合。混合物再加于添加了氯化铜0.04g的100ml水中,充分搅拌,配制得处理液。用所得处理液与实施例1同样处理试验片,在铜表面上形成拒水性薄膜,再在200℃,加热10分钟,铜表面上几乎见不到变色。所得试验片的焊锡浸润性试验结果示于表1。
实施例7
(使用以通式(2)表示的化合物的表面处理剂)
使用4-氯苯二胺、α-萘乙酸和PTS,与实施例1同法,合成制得2-(α-萘基甲基)-5-氯苯并咪唑,将所得的2-(α-萘基甲基)-5-氯苯并咪唑0.5g加于足够溶解该化合物的量的乙酸中,均匀混合。再将该混合物加于添加了氯化铜0.04g的100ml水中,再加庚酸0.1g,充分搅拌,配制得处理液。使用所得处理液与实施例1同样,对试验片进行处理,则在铜表面上形成拒水性薄膜。再在200℃,加热10分钟,铜表面上几乎见不到变色。所得试验片的焊锡浸润性试验结果示于表1。
实施例8
(使用以通式(3)表示的化合物的表面处理剂)
用4-甲基苯二胺、α-萘乙酸和PTS,与实施例1同法,合成制得2-(α-萘基甲基)-5-甲基苯并咪唑。将所得的2-(α-萘基甲基)-5-甲基苯并咪唑0.5g加于足够溶解该化合物的量的乙酸中,均匀混合。混合物再加于添加了氯化铜0.04g的100ml水中,再加入庚酸0.1g,充分搅拌,配制得处理液。用所得处理液与实施例1同样处理试验片,在铜表面上形成拒水性薄膜,再在200℃,加热10分钟,铜表面上几乎见不到变色。所得试验片的焊锡浸润性试验结果示于表1。
实施例9
(使用以通式(5)表示的化合物的表面处理剂)
使用3,3'-二氨基联苯胺、辛酸(2摩尔)和PTS,与实施例1同法,合成制得2,2'-二庚基-6,5'-二苯并咪唑。将所得的2,2'-二庚基-6,5'-二苯并咪唑0.5g加于足够溶解该化合物的量的乙酸中,均匀混合。再将该混合物加于添加了氯化铜0.04g的100ml水中,充分搅拌,配制得处理液。用所得处理液与实施例1同样,处理试验片,则在铜表面上形成拒水性薄膜。再在200℃,加热10分钟,铜表面上几乎没有变色。所得的试验片的焊锡浸润性能试验的结果示于表1。
比较例1
使用2-壬基苯并咪唑,与实施例1同法,配制得处理液。用所得处理液与实施例1同样,对试验片进行处理,在铜表面上形成拒水性薄膜。再在200℃,加热所得试验片10分钟,铜表面变成茶褐色。该试验片的焊锡浸润性试验的结果示于表1。
Figure 941085325_IMG14
本发明的表面处理剂可在铜或铜合金的表面上形成一种具优异耐热性、且暴露于高温下之后焊锡性能仍非常良好的薄膜。因此,在印刷电路板上表面安装电子部件时,具特别显著的效果。

Claims (2)

1、一种铜及铜合金的表面处理剂,系一种使用了苯并咪唑化合物作为覆膜形成成分的水溶性的铜及铜合金的表面处理剂,其特征在于,所述表面处理剂至少含有一种以下述通式(1)-(6)所表示的化合物及其盐:
Figure 941085325_IMG2
(式中,A1为烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,芳烷基,苯基羰基或卤原子;R1为含有卤原子的烷基、链烯基、炔基或芳基;a为0-4的整数)
Figure 941085325_IMG3
(式中,R2为亚烷基,亚链烯基,亚炔基或亚芳基;A2为氢原子,烷基,炔基,芳基,芳烷基,苯基羰基或卤原子;b为0或1;A1及a分别如同上述)
Figure 941085325_IMG4
(式中,A3为烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,芳烷基,苯基羰基或卤原子;C为0-7的整数;A1,R2,a及b分别如同上述)
(式中,A4为链烯基,炔基,芳基,芳烷基;d为0-5的整数;R2,A1,a分别如同上述)
Figure 941085325_IMG6
(式中,A5及A6分别为烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,芳烷基或苯基羰基)
(式中,A7为氢原子,低级烷基或卤原子;e为1-6的整数;A1定义如同前述)。
2、如权利要求1所述的表面处理剂,其特征在于,所述表示处理剂含有通式(1)-(6)所表示的化合物及其盐中的至少一种,及酸。
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EP0643154A2 (en) 1995-03-15
TW263534B (zh) 1995-11-21
KR950006025A (ko) 1995-03-20
CN1163552C (zh) 2004-08-25
EP0818562B1 (en) 2000-03-22
EP0643154A3 (en) 1995-04-26
EP0818562A1 (en) 1998-01-14

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