CN110665371B - 一种基于聚多巴胺仿生涂层的吸附光催分离多功能膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于聚多巴胺仿生涂层的吸附光催分离多功能膜的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于聚多巴胺仿生涂层的吸附光催分离多功能膜的制备方法,本发明的多功能膜是对基膜表面进行一次以上的逐层修饰,避免其它改性方法中催化剂被覆盖或功能粒子易脱落的问题,光催化纳米粒子尽可能暴露于光源,实现纳米多糖纤维吸附富集、GO/TiO2催化降解、膜分离同步进行,实现对印染废水的高效处理。本发明与现有技术相比,制备方法简单易操作,经济高效并易于工业化。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于膜材料改性技术领域。涉及到利用多巴胺对膜表面改性以提高材料的亲水性和对纳米改性粒子的固载黏附力,以实现吸附富集、光催降解、分离多功能膜的一体化构建。该方法制得的分离膜可用于复杂成分印染废水的高效深度处理。
背景技术
淡水资源极度匮乏,环境污染日趋严重是当今制约人类文明健康和可持续发展的重要瓶颈。作为一种新型的高效分离技术,膜分离技术在水处理方面有着广泛的应用前景。印染废水的排放在沿海城市占有较大的比重,尤其是活性染料废水含盐量高、色度深、污染性强,对近海水体和生态环境造成了严重破坏。印染废水有机污染物含量高、成分复杂、对环境有极强的破坏性,是最难处理的工业废水之一。多年来专家学者们发展了多种印染废水处理技术,其中膜分离技术和光催化技术因各自独特优异的处理性能及工艺应用前景广阔成为近年来的研究热点。膜分离过程中浓差极化、膜污染等因素会导致膜通量下降影响处理效果和缩短使用寿命,而光催化降解技术除二氧化钛本身催化效率不高,可见光利用率低等缺点外,还存在悬浮式催化剂回收困难,易造成二次污染等问题。膜分离技术和光催化技术自身固有的工艺缺陷是这两种技术推广应用的瓶颈。
光催化复合分离膜是一种兼具光催化和膜分离的共同功能和特点的新型膜。将光催化剂负载于分离膜中,利用二氧化钛的光催化性能和亲水性能,大大提高对有机物的降解能力及膜表面抗污染性能。而将催化剂固载于膜表面也可以很好地解决催化剂回收难的问题。经过膜作用及时截留富集水中污染物,并在光催化剂作用下就地降解有机物,二者的协同作用能实现印染废水的高效深度处理并提高分离膜的使用寿命,具有显著的创新意义和应用前景。
为提高催化剂与基膜的粘结力,利用多巴胺的仿生粘附作用对基膜进行改性。多巴胺表面黏附改性是一种新兴的表面改性方法,该分子中的邻苯二酚和氨基官能团可以和材料表面建立共价-非共价相互作用,从而实现多巴胺分子对材料表面的超强黏附行为。经过多巴胺涂覆过的材料表面具有邻苯二酚官能团,可以进行二次反应,实现材料表面对功能纳米粒子的进一步功能化固载。
TiO2是一种典型的光催化剂,为提高其光催化活性,利用高亲水性、高导电性的氧化石墨烯(GO)与TiO2共混固载在膜表面从而获得优良的光催化性能,以期获得降解染料废水和灭火细菌的作用。由于GO具有良好的导电性i,能有效的将TiO2产生的光生电子导流在其表面,抑制光生电子与空穴的复合,能有效的提高光生电子的传导效率,因此GO与TiO2的复合在提高膜表面亲水性的同时能有效的提高TiO2的光催化效率。
在研究重金属离子吸附和有机染料降解的过程中,因如纳米纤维素、壳聚糖、海藻酸盐等纳米多糖纤维具有无毒无害、表面官能团多等性质成为吸附法治理废水的热门材料。将纳米多糖纤维引入到复合膜的制备中,可提高膜材料力学性能和污染物富集性能。
中国发明专利CN 102614783 B(一种多巴胺改性纳米材料制备高通量复合膜)利用多巴胺的自聚合在二氧化钛纳米粒子表面而形成活性的聚多巴胺复合层,并将这种改性的纳米粒子作为添加剂添加到PVDF铸膜液中制得复合膜,但该方法可能存在发挥光催降解作用的TiO2等功能粒子被有机物覆盖而无法发挥效用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中膜通量低,纳米材料分散不均匀和易脱落、二氧化钛本身催化效率不高,可见光利用率低等问题,提供一种功能纳米粒子分散均匀、不易脱落且能充分发挥TiO2效用的多功能复合膜。同时可通过改变纳米材料的种类来改善分离膜的亲疏水性、抗污染能力、光催降解能力等性能。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种基于聚多巴胺仿生涂层的吸附光催分离多功能膜的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
(1)聚多巴胺改性膜的制备:取基膜浸于无水乙醇中超声清洗1-5h除去表面油剂及杂质,取出后用蒸馏水清洗,晾干备用,取100mL质量浓度为0.5-5g/L的多巴胺溶液,加入Tris-HCl缓冲液并调节至pH为8-9,取预处理后的改性膜浸泡于多巴胺溶液中于15-40℃恒温振荡12-30h取出,冲洗晾干得PDA改性膜;
(2)纳米多糖纤维的制备:称取多糖粉加入到40-60%硫酸溶液搅拌混合均匀,在40-60℃缓慢温和加热下酸解,反应结束后超声20-30min,使其充分分散,通过离心洗涤得水溶胶状体,置于透析袋中透析直到pH为7,最后收集纳米多糖纤维悬浮液胶体备用;
(3)二氧化钛的表面改性:采用偶联剂预先对TiO2进行表面活化,以乙醇/水溶液作为溶剂,用醋酸调节pH至4-5,将偶联剂在室温下搅拌水解3-6h制备偶联剂水解液,取TiO2置于无水乙醇中充分搅拌并超声分散后,升温至60℃,滴加适量偶联剂水解液,并用NaOH溶液调节pH值为8,反应2h,反应结束后真空干燥备用;
(4)功能纳米粒子分散液的制备:按一定比例准确称取丙烯酰胺、改性TiO2、GO水分散液和纳米多糖胶体加入400-500mL纯水中,超声使均匀混合,送入到反应釜中,通入氮气,调节反应釜温度为55-60℃,滴加100-150mL、0.08-0.1mol/l的过硫酸铵水溶液,滴加完毕后保温搅拌3-4小时,出料冷却,得改性共混液;
(5)固载:将PDA改性膜置于超滤杯中,在0.1-0.2MPa下使PDA改性膜对改性共混液进行压力吸附,吸附完毕后将膜置于真空烘箱中减压常温干燥,即得到目标吸附光催分离复合膜材料。
所述的基膜按材料包括有机膜、无机膜、有机无机杂化膜以及膜组合。
所述的纳米多糖纤维,包括但不限于纳米纤维素、纳米壳聚糖、纳米海藻酸,其用量为10-40g/m2。
所述的TiO2表面活化改性剂,包括但不限于硅烷偶联剂KH550、硅烷偶联剂KH570、钛酸酯偶联剂。
所述的催化剂TiO2的用量为15-40g/m2,GO的用量为TiO2质量的0.2-2倍,丙烯酰胺的用量为TiO2质量的0.1-0.18%。
本发明的优点:
本发明的效果和益处是基于多巴胺分子对材料表面的超强黏附行为,并引入活性基团与功能纳米粒子作用,提高复合膜表面改性粒子的粘结力。同时使具有吸附效应的纳米多糖经过膜作用及时截留富集水中污染物、使具有光催特性的石墨烯/TiO2能暴露于光源下而发挥催化降解作用降低污染物含量,通过水通量测试和染料分子分离降解测试,膜的水通量和分离降解能力都有提高。多功能复合膜的操作简便易行,反应条件温和,制备的复合膜性能良好,为膜改性提供了新的方法和思路。本发明将具有光催特性的石墨烯/TiO2共混分散到以丙烯酰胺为单体的水溶液中,通过引发聚合,得到聚丙烯酰胺/石墨烯/TiO2共混料,进一步提高了对水中悬浮物质的吸附效果,提高了污染物与光催化剂的接触作用,与纳米多糖纤维形成有效的协同促进作用,进而增强了光催化降解效果。
本发明利用多巴胺分子对材料表面的超强黏附作用而进行亲水化改性,并为后续功能纳米粒子固载提供二次反应的活性基团;利用利用纳米多糖纤维对污染物的吸附富集能力强化分离过程中污染物与光催化剂的接触作用,选用氧化石墨烯(GO)、改性TiO2作为催化剂体系,提高复合膜的光催降解效率;本发明的多功能膜是对基膜表面进行一次以上的逐层修饰,避免其它改性方法中催化剂被覆盖或功能粒子易脱落的问题,光催化纳米粒子尽可能暴露于光源,实现纳米多糖纤维吸附富集、GO/TiO2催化降解、膜分离同步进行,实现对印染废水的高效处理。本发明与现有技术相比,制备方法简单易操作,经济高效并易于工业化。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种基于聚多巴胺仿生涂层的吸附光催分离多功能膜的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
(1)聚多巴胺改性膜的制备:取PTFE膜浸于无水乙醇中超声清洗1h除去表面油剂及杂质,取出后用蒸馏水清洗,晾干备用,取100mL质量浓度为0.5g/L的多巴胺溶液,加入Tris-HCl缓冲液并调节至pH为8,取预处理后的改性膜浸泡于多巴胺溶液中于15℃恒温振荡12-30h取出,冲洗晾干得PDA改性膜;
(2)纳米多糖纤维的制备:称取多糖粉加入到40%硫酸溶液搅拌混合均匀,在40℃缓慢温和加热下酸解,反应结束后超声20min,使其充分分散,通过离心洗涤得水溶胶状体,置于透析袋中透析直到pH为7,最后收集纳米多糖纤维悬浮液胶体备用;
(3)二氧化钛的表面改性:采用偶联剂预先对TiO2进行表面活化,以乙醇/水溶液作为溶剂,用醋酸调节pH至4,将偶联剂在室温下搅拌水解3h制备偶联剂水解液,取TiO2置于无水乙醇中充分搅拌并超声分散后,升温至60℃,滴加适量偶联剂水解液,并用NaOH溶液调节pH值为8,反应2h,反应结束后真空干燥备用;
(4)功能纳米粒子分散液的制备:按一定比例准确称取丙烯酰胺、改性TiO2、GO水分散液和纳米多糖胶体加入400-500mL纯水中,超声使均匀混合,送入到反应釜中,通入氮气,调节反应釜温度为55℃,滴加100mL、0.08mol/l的过硫酸铵水溶液,滴加完毕后保温搅拌3小时,出料冷却,得改性共混液;
(5)固载:将PDA改性膜置于超滤杯中,在0.1MPa下使PDA改性膜对改性共混液进行压力吸附,吸附完毕后将膜置于真空烘箱中减压常温干燥,即得到目标吸附光催分离复合膜材料。
所述的纳米多糖纤维为纳米壳聚糖,其用量为40g/m2。
所述的TiO2表面活化改性剂为硅烷偶联剂KH570。
所述的催化剂TiO2的用量为15g/m2,GO的用量为TiO2质量的0.2倍,丙烯酰胺的用量为TiO2质量的0.1%。
具体实施结果见实例1实施结果,测试方法如下:
①纯水通量测试:采用自制膜通量评价系统进行测定,在0.1MPa压力下,料液经膜过滤后返回进水槽,其水通量J(L·m-2·h-1)按下式计算
式中,V为透过液体积,L;A为膜的有效面积,m2;t为过滤时间,h。
②光催化性能测试:以阳离子染料罗丹明B(RhB)为目标物,以疝气灯为光源,测试膜的光催化性能。将待测膜置于装有相同体积(50mL)和相同浓度(10mg·L-1)罗丹明B溶液的表面皿中进行光照降解实验。每隔0.5h取出一定量的溶液进行吸光度测试,由标准曲线确定罗丹明B溶液。
实例1实施结果
实施例2
一种基于聚多巴胺仿生涂层的吸附光催分离多功能膜的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
(1)聚多巴胺改性膜的制备:取PTFE膜浸于无水乙醇中超声清洗5h除去表面油剂及杂质,取出后用蒸馏水清洗,晾干备用,取100mL质量浓度为5g/L的多巴胺溶液,加入Tris-HCl缓冲液并调节至pH为9,取预处理后的改性膜浸泡于多巴胺溶液中于40℃恒温振荡30h取出,冲洗晾干得PDA改性膜;
(2)纳米多糖纤维的制备:称取多糖粉加入到60%硫酸溶液搅拌混合均匀,在60℃缓慢温和加热下酸解,反应结束后超声30min,使其充分分散,通过离心洗涤得水溶胶状体,置于透析袋中透析直到pH为7,最后收集纳米多糖纤维悬浮液胶体备用;
(3)二氧化钛的表面改性:采用偶联剂预先对TiO2进行表面活化,以乙醇/水溶液作为溶剂,用醋酸调节pH至5,将偶联剂在室温下搅拌水解6h制备偶联剂水解液,取TiO2置于无水乙醇中充分搅拌并超声分散后,升温至60℃,滴加适量偶联剂水解液,并用NaOH溶液调节pH值为8,反应2h,反应结束后真空干燥备用;
(4)功能纳米粒子分散液的制备:按一定比例准确称取丙烯酰胺、改性TiO2、GO水分散液和纳米多糖胶体加入500mL纯水中,超声使均匀混合,送入到反应釜中,通入氮气,调节反应釜温度为60℃,滴加150mL、0.1mol/l的过硫酸铵水溶液,滴加完毕后保温搅拌4小时,出料冷却,得改性共混液;
(5)固载:将PDA改性膜置于超滤杯中,在0.2MPa下使PDA改性膜对改性共混液进行压力吸附,吸附完毕后将膜置于真空烘箱中减压常温干燥,即得到目标吸附光催分离复合膜材料。
所述的基膜按材料包括有机膜、无机膜、有机无机杂化膜以及膜组合。
所述的纳米多糖纤维为纳米海藻酸,其用量为10g/m2。
所述的TiO2表面活化改性剂为钛酸酯偶联剂。
所述的催化剂TiO2的用量为15g/m2,GO的用量为TiO2质量的0.2倍,丙烯酰胺的用量为TiO2质量的0.1%。
具体实施结果见实例2实施结果,测试方法如下:
①纯水通量测试:采用自制膜通量评价系统进行测定,在0.1MPa压力下,料液经膜过滤后返回进水槽,其水通量J(L·m-2·h-1)按下式计算
式中,V为透过液体积,L;A为膜的有效面积,m2;t为过滤时间,h。
②光催化性能测试:以阳离子染料罗丹明B(RhB)为目标物,以疝气灯为光源,测试膜的光催化性能。将待测膜置于装有相同体积(50mL)和相同浓度(10mg·L-1)罗丹明B溶液的表面皿中进行光照降解实验。每隔0.5h取出一定量的溶液进行吸光度测试,由标准曲线确定罗丹明B溶液。
实例2实施结果
项目 | 对照膜 | 膜1 | 膜2 | 膜3 |
多巴胺溶液浓度(g/L) | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
基膜材料 | PTFE | PTFE | PTFE | PTFE |
纳米壳聚糖用量(g) | 0 | 0.005 | 0.010 | 0.025 |
KH-TiO2用量(g) | 0 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
GO用量(g) | 0 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
纯水通量(L·m-2·h-1) | 90 | 115 | 107 | 98 |
罗丹明降解率(%) | 0 | 80.99 | 84.21 | 86.77 |
。
Claims (5)
1.一种基于聚多巴胺仿生涂层的吸附光催分离多功能膜的制备方法,包含如下步骤:
(1)聚多巴胺改性膜的制备:取基膜浸于无水乙醇中超声清洗1-5h除去表面油剂及杂质,取出后用蒸馏水清洗,晾干备用,取100mL质量浓度为0.5-5g/L的多巴胺溶液,加入Tris-HCl缓冲液并调节至pH为8-9,取预处理后的改性膜浸泡于多巴胺溶液中于15-40℃恒温振荡12-30h取出,冲洗晾干得PDA改性膜;
(2)纳米多糖纤维的制备:称取纳米多糖纤维粉加入到40-60%硫酸溶液搅拌混合均匀,在40-60℃缓慢温和加热下酸解,反应结束后超声20-30min,使其充分分散,通过离心洗涤得水溶胶状体,置于透析袋中透析直到pH为7,最后收集纳米多糖纤维悬浮液胶体备用;
(3)二氧化钛的表面改性:采用偶联剂预先对TiO2进行表面活化,以乙醇/水溶液作为溶剂,用醋酸调节pH至4-5,将偶联剂在室温下搅拌水解3-6h制备偶联剂水解液,取TiO2置于无水乙醇中充分搅拌并超声分散后,升温至60℃,滴加适量偶联剂水解液,并用NaOH溶液调节pH值为8,反应2h,反应结束后真空干燥备用;
(4)功能纳米粒子分散液制备:按一定比例准确称取丙烯酰胺、改性TiO2、GO水分散液和纳米多糖纤维悬浮液胶体加入400-500mL纯水中,超声使均匀混合,送入到反应釜中,通入氮气,调节反应釜温度为55-60℃,滴加100-150mL、0.08-0.1mol/l的过硫酸铵水溶液,滴加完毕后保温搅拌3-4小时,出料冷却,得改性共混液;
(5)固载:将PDA改性膜置于超滤杯中,在0.1-0.2MPa下使PDA改性膜对改性共混液进行压力吸附,吸附完毕后将膜置于真空烘箱中减压常温干燥,即得到目标吸附光催分离复合膜材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于聚多巴胺仿生涂层的吸附光催分离多功能膜的制备方法,其特征在于所述的基膜按材料包括有机膜、无机膜、有机无机杂化膜中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于聚多巴胺仿生涂层的吸附光催分离多功能膜的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中所述的纳米多糖纤维,包括但不限于纳米纤维素、纳米壳聚糖、纳米海藻酸,其用量为10-40g/m2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于聚多巴胺仿生涂层的吸附光催分离多功能膜的制备方法,其特征在于所述的TiO2表面活化改性剂,包括但不限于硅烷偶联剂KH550、硅烷偶联剂KH570、钛酸酯偶联剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于聚多巴胺仿生涂层的吸附光催分离多功能膜的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)中改性TiO2的用量为15-40g/m2,GO的用量为TiO2质量的0.2-2倍,丙烯酰胺的用量为TiO2质量的0.1-0.18%。
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