CN110663428A - Slope farmland orange and organic tea ecological planting and nitrogen and phosphorus loss prevention and control process - Google Patents
Slope farmland orange and organic tea ecological planting and nitrogen and phosphorus loss prevention and control process Download PDFInfo
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- CN110663428A CN110663428A CN201910735426.4A CN201910735426A CN110663428A CN 110663428 A CN110663428 A CN 110663428A CN 201910735426 A CN201910735426 A CN 201910735426A CN 110663428 A CN110663428 A CN 110663428A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slope farmland orange and organic tea ecological planting and nitrogen and phosphorus loss prevention and control process, which comprises the following steps: site selection, seedling selection, planting, fertilization, dam construction, nitrogen and phosphorus flow choking and flow choking belt laying. The slope of the slope farmland is limited, so that the situation that sunlight is less due to large slope is prevented, photosynthesis of oranges and organic tea is influenced, the soil is more suitable for growth of the oranges and the organic tea by limiting the PH value of the soil, the survival rate is increased by selecting and using the seedling plants, the environment pollution is reduced by using the organic fertilizer, the seedling plants are more suitable for absorption growth of the seedling plants, water and soil loss and nitrogen and phosphorus loss are prevented by constructing the dam, the water storage capacity is increased, the oranges and the organic tea seedling plants can fully absorb water, the water and soil are conveniently protected by the dam grids, the water and soil loss is prevented, the grain choking zone is used for protection, the nitrogen and phosphorus loss is prevented, and the grains can supply nutrition to the seedling plants to a certain degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a process for ecological planting and nitrogen and phosphorus loss prevention and control of citrus and organic tea in slope farmland.
Background
The citrus has rich nutrition and excellent color, flavor and taste, can be used for processing various processed products mainly comprising fruit juice, has the top of the yield of citrus, is popular with consumers, has long life, stable high yield and high economic benefit, is the most main tree species of Chinese fruit trees, plays an important role in poverty removal and enrichment of fruit growers and development of rural economy, and the existing citrus planting method ensures that the citrus trees have over-dense planting density and short sunshine receiving time, causes over-dense branches and leaves, mutually shades and influences photosynthesis.
The organic tea uses natural green manure to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests by adopting a biological or physical method in the planting process, mainly uses natural farming and does not allow any chemically synthesized pesticide, any chemical additive and chemical fertilizer to be used. The organic tea furthest reduces the environmental pollution in the whole production and processing process, and simultaneously, the fragrant and sweet characteristics of the tea are most completely maintained.
However, nitrogen and phosphorus in the fertilizer are easy to lose along with water and soil flushing in the existing organic tea and citrus planting, and especially for slope farmland, the nitrogen and phosphorus loss is more serious.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a slope farmland orange and organic tea ecological planting and nitrogen and phosphorus loss prevention and control process, which has the advantages of preventing insufficient illumination, preventing shading, reducing environmental pollution by using organic fertilizer for planting, blocking nitrogen and phosphorus loss and the like, and solves the problems of water and soil loss, shading, environmental pollution and nitrogen and phosphorus loss easily caused by the existing orange and organic tea planting.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an ecological planting process for citrus and organic tea in slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1) site selection:
selecting slope farmland with slope of 15-30 ° and without sunshine shielding by high mountain, wherein the vertical height of the slope farmland is 10-50m, and selecting sandy soil block with pH value of 5.5-6.5, good soil structure, deep soil and fertile loose soil.
2) Selecting seedlings:
selecting seedling plants with proper height, requiring pure varieties, no plant diseases and insect pests and seedling fructification, and soaking the roots of the seedling plants in nutrient solution.
3) Planting:
drilling holes in the slope farmland by using a drilling machine, placing the seedling plants in the holes of the holes, and watering and covering the holes with soil.
4) Fertilizing:
selecting high-quality animal organic fertilizer, carrying out pollution-free treatment on the animal organic fertilizer, irrigating the organic fertilizer on the pit, and fertilizing after planting for one month according to the steps.
Preferably, the seedling plants in the step 2) are divided into citrus seedling plants and organic tea seedling plants, wherein the citrus seedling plants are seedling plants with the diameter of 0.6-1.2cm and the height of 35-100cm, and the organic tea seedling plants are seedling plants with the diameter of 0.3-1cm and the height of 15-30 cm.
Preferably, the diameter of the hole punched in the step 3) is 10-30cm, and the depth is 5-15 cm.
Preferably, the seedling plants in the step 3) are divided into citrus seedling plants and organic tea seedling plants, the planting distance of the citrus seedling plants is 50-100cm, the transverse planting distance of the organic tea seedling plants is 20-30cm, and the longitudinal distance of the organic tea seedling plants is 30-50 cm.
Preferably, the irrigation standard of the animal organic fertilizer in the step 4) is 500-1000ML per plant, and the animal organic fertilizer is a solid-liquid mixed animal organic fertilizer.
A phosphorus loss prevention and control process for nitrogen planting of citrus and organic tea in slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1) dam construction:
ridging is carried out on the slope farmland before planting after site selection, concrete is used for pouring and protecting the ridging surface, the ridging mode is in a grid shape, pit digging planting is carried out in the middle of the grid, a fence is planted beside the concrete ridging, and the effect that the fence can block the flow of nitrogen and phosphorus is achieved.
2) Flow resistance of nitrogen and phosphorus:
after planting, a grid type protective net is arranged inside the dam grids, and the grid type protective net is arranged around the seedling plants.
3) Laying a choke belt:
the grain flow-blocking belt is laid on the dam grid and is woven by using wheat straw or rice straw as raw material.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a slope farmland orange and organic tea ecological planting and nitrogen and phosphorus loss prevention and control process, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. this slope arable land oranges and tangerines and organic tea ecological planting technology, slope through to the slope arable land is injectd, it is less to prevent that the slope is great to cause sunshine, influence the photosynthesis of oranges and organic tea, through injecing the growth that makes more suitable oranges and tangerines of soil and organic tea to the pH value of soil, it prevents to shade between the seedling trunk to inject through the interval to the seedling trunk, it is long when having increased illumination, through the survival rate that has increased the seedling trunk to the seedling trunk is selected for use, through using the fertilizer, the polluted environment has been reduced, and be more suitable for the absorption growth of seedling trunk.
2. This slope is ploughed oranges and tangerines and organic tea and is planted with nitrogen phosphorus loss and hinder accuse technology, prevents soil erosion and nitrogen phosphorus loss through the construction of dykes and dams to increased the water-holding capacity, made oranges and tangerines and organic tea seedling plant can be abundant absorbed moisture, through dykes and dams net, made things convenient for and protected soil and water, prevented soil and water loss, adopt cereal choking area to protect and prevent nitrogen phosphorus loss, and cereal more enough carries out the nutrition supply of certain degree to seedling plant.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below clearly and completely in connection with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
an ecological planting process for citrus and organic tea in slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1) site selection:
selecting slope farmland with slope of 15-20 ° and without sunshine shielding by high mountain, wherein the vertical height of the slope farmland is 10m, and selecting sandy soil block with pH value of 5.5, good soil structure, deep soil and fertile loose soil.
2) Selecting seedlings:
selecting seedling plants with proper height, requiring pure varieties without diseases and insect pests and seedling setting, soaking the roots of the seedling plants in nutrient solution, wherein the seedling plants are divided into citrus seedling plants and organic tea seedling plants, the citrus seedling plants are selected to be seedling plants with the diameter of 0.6cm and the height of 35cm, and the organic tea seedling plants are selected to be seedling plants with the diameter of 0.3cm and the height of 15 cm.
3) Planting:
drilling holes in the slope farmland by using a drilling machine, wherein the hole diameter of the hole is 10cm, the depth of the hole is 5cm, the seedling plants are placed in the holes of the hole, watering and earthing are carried out on the hole, the planting distance of the citrus seedling plants is 50cm, the transverse planting distance of the organic tea seedling plants is 20cm, and the longitudinal distance of the organic tea seedling plants is 30 cm.
4) Fertilizing:
selecting high-quality animal organic fertilizer, carrying out pollution-free treatment on the high-quality animal organic fertilizer, irrigating the organic fertilizer on a pit hole, and fertilizing after planting for one month according to the steps, wherein the standard of animal organic fertilizer irrigation is 500ML for each plant, and the animal organic fertilizer is solid-liquid mixed animal organic fertilizer.
A phosphorus loss prevention and control process for nitrogen planting of citrus and organic tea in slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1) dam construction:
ridging on a slope farmland before planting after site selection, pouring and protecting a ridging surface by using concrete, wherein the ridging mode is in a grid shape, pit digging and planting are carried out in the middle of the grid, and fence planting is carried out beside the concrete ridging.
2) Flow resistance of nitrogen and phosphorus:
after planting, a grid type protective net is arranged inside the dam grids, and the grid type protective net is arranged around the seedling plants.
3) Laying a choke belt:
the grain flow-blocking belt is laid on the dam grid and is woven by using wheat straw or rice straw as raw material.
Example two:
an ecological planting process for citrus and organic tea in slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1) site selection:
selecting slope farmland with slope of 20-25 deg. and without sunshine shielding by high mountain, wherein the vertical height of the slope farmland is 30m, and selecting sandy soil block with pH value of 6.0, good soil structure, deep soil and fertile loose soil.
2) Selecting seedlings:
selecting seedling plants with proper height, requiring pure varieties without diseases and insect pests and seedling setting, soaking the roots of the seedling plants in nutrient solution, wherein the seedling plants are divided into citrus seedling plants and organic tea seedling plants, the citrus seedling plants are selected to be seedling plants with the diameter of 1cm and the height of 60cm, and the organic tea seedling plants are selected to be seedling plants with the diameter of 0.7cm and the height of 25 cm.
3) Planting:
drilling holes in the slope farmland by using a drilling machine, wherein the hole diameter of the hole is 20cm, the depth of the hole is 10cm, the seedling plants are placed in the holes of the hole, watering and earthing are carried out on the hole, the planting distance of the citrus seedling plants is 70cm, the transverse planting distance of the organic tea seedling plants is 25cm, and the longitudinal distance of the organic tea seedling plants is 40 cm.
4) Fertilizing:
selecting high-quality animal organic fertilizer, carrying out pollution-free treatment on the high-quality animal organic fertilizer, irrigating the organic fertilizer on a pit hole, and fertilizing after planting for one month according to the steps, wherein the standard of animal organic fertilizer irrigation is 700ML per plant, and the animal organic fertilizer is solid-liquid mixed animal organic fertilizer.
A phosphorus loss prevention and control process for nitrogen planting of citrus and organic tea in slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1) dam construction:
ridging on a slope farmland before planting after site selection, pouring and protecting a ridging surface by using concrete, wherein the ridging mode is in a grid shape, pit digging and planting are carried out in the middle of the grid, and fence planting is carried out beside the concrete ridging.
2) Flow resistance of nitrogen and phosphorus:
after planting, a grid type protective net is arranged inside the dam grids, and the grid type protective net is arranged around the seedling plants.
3) Laying a choke belt:
the grain flow-blocking belt is laid on the dam grid and is woven by using wheat straw or rice straw as raw material.
Example three:
an ecological planting process for citrus and organic tea in slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1) site selection:
selecting slope farmland with gradient of 25-30 deg and without sunshine shielding by high mountain, wherein the vertical height of the slope farmland is 40m, and selecting sandy soil block with pH value of 6.0, good soil structure, deep soil and fertile loose soil.
2) Selecting seedlings:
selecting seedling plants with proper height, requiring pure varieties without diseases and insect pests and seedling setting, soaking the roots of the seedling plants in nutrient solution, wherein the seedling plants are divided into citrus seedling plants and organic tea seedling plants, the citrus seedling plants are selected to be seedling plants with the diameter of 1cm and the height of 80cm, and the organic tea seedling plants are selected to be seedling plants with the diameter of 0.8cm and the height of 25 cm.
3) Planting:
drilling holes in the slope farmland by using a drilling machine, wherein the hole diameter of the hole is 25cm, the depth of the hole is 13cm, the seedling plants are placed in the holes of the hole, watering and earthing are carried out on the hole, the planting distance of the citrus seedling plants is 80cm, the transverse planting distance of the organic tea seedling plants is 28cm, and the longitudinal distance of the organic tea seedling plants is 45 cm.
4) Fertilizing:
selecting high-quality animal organic fertilizer, carrying out pollution-free treatment on the high-quality animal organic fertilizer, irrigating the organic fertilizer on a pit hole, and fertilizing after planting for one month according to the steps, wherein the standard of animal organic fertilizer irrigation is 800ML for each plant, and the animal organic fertilizer is solid-liquid mixed animal organic fertilizer.
A phosphorus loss prevention and control process for nitrogen planting of citrus and organic tea in slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1) dam construction:
ridging on a slope farmland before planting after site selection, pouring and protecting a ridging surface by using concrete, wherein the ridging mode is in a grid shape, pit digging and planting are carried out in the middle of the grid, and fence planting is carried out beside the concrete ridging.
2) Flow resistance of nitrogen and phosphorus:
after planting, a grid type protective net is arranged inside the dam grids, and the grid type protective net is arranged around the seedling plants.
3) Laying a choke belt:
the grain flow-blocking belt is laid on the dam grid and is woven by using wheat straw or rice straw as raw material.
Experimental example four:
an ecological planting process for citrus and organic tea in slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1) site selection:
selecting slope farmland with slope of 20-30 ° and without sunshine shielding by high mountain, wherein the vertical height of the slope farmland is 50m, and selecting sandy soil block with pH value of 6.5, good soil structure, deep soil and fertile loose soil.
2) Selecting seedlings:
selecting seedling plants with proper height, requiring pure varieties without diseases and insect pests and seedling setting, soaking the roots of the seedling plants in nutrient solution, dividing the seedling plants into citrus seedling plants and organic tea seedling plants, selecting the seedling plants with the diameter of 1cm and the height of 90cm for the citrus seedling plants, and selecting the seedling plants with the diameter of 1cm and the height of 30cm for the organic tea seedling plants.
3) Planting:
drilling holes in the slope farmland by using a drilling machine, wherein the hole diameter of the hole is 28cm, the depth of the hole is 13cm, the seedling plants are placed in the holes of the hole, watering and earthing are carried out on the hole, the planting distance of the citrus seedling plants is 90cm, the transverse planting distance of the organic tea seedling plants is 30cm, and the longitudinal distance of the organic tea seedling plants is 50 cm.
4) Fertilizing:
selecting high-quality animal organic fertilizer, carrying out pollution-free treatment on the high-quality animal organic fertilizer, irrigating the organic fertilizer on a pit hole, and fertilizing after planting for one month according to the steps, wherein the standard of animal organic fertilizer irrigation is 800ML for each plant, and the animal organic fertilizer is solid-liquid mixed animal organic fertilizer.
A phosphorus loss prevention and control process for nitrogen planting of citrus and organic tea in slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1) dam construction:
ridging on a slope farmland before planting after site selection, pouring and protecting a ridging surface by using concrete, wherein the ridging mode is in a grid shape, pit digging and planting are carried out in the middle of the grid, and fence planting is carried out beside the concrete ridging.
2) Flow resistance of nitrogen and phosphorus:
after planting, a grid type protective net is arranged inside the dam grids, and the grid type protective net is arranged around the seedling plants.
3) Laying a choke belt:
the grain flow-blocking belt is laid on the dam grid and is woven by using wheat straw or rice straw as raw material.
Experimental example five:
an ecological planting process for citrus and organic tea in slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1) site selection:
selecting slope farmland with slope of 15-30 ° and without sunshine shielding by high mountain, wherein the vertical height of the slope farmland is 50m, and selecting sandy soil block with pH value of 6.5, good soil structure, deep soil and fertile loose soil.
2) Selecting seedlings:
selecting seedling plants with proper height, requiring pure varieties without diseases and insect pests and seedling setting, soaking the roots of the seedling plants in nutrient solution, dividing the seedling plants into citrus seedling plants and organic tea seedling plants, selecting the citrus seedling plants with the diameter of 1.2cm and the height of 100cm, and selecting the organic tea seedling plants with the diameter of 1cm and the height of 30 cm.
3) Planting:
drilling holes in the slope farmland by using a drilling machine, wherein the hole diameter of the hole is 30cm, the depth of the hole is 15cm, the seedling plants are placed in the holes of the hole, watering and earthing are carried out on the hole, the planting distance of the citrus seedling plants is 100cm, the transverse planting distance of the organic tea seedling plants is 30cm, and the longitudinal distance of the organic tea seedling plants is 50 cm.
4) Fertilizing:
selecting high-quality animal organic fertilizer, carrying out pollution-free treatment on the high-quality animal organic fertilizer, irrigating the organic fertilizer on a pit hole, and fertilizing after planting for one month according to the steps, wherein the standard of animal organic fertilizer irrigation is 1000ML per plant, and the animal organic fertilizer is solid-liquid mixed animal organic fertilizer.
A phosphorus loss prevention and control process for nitrogen planting of citrus and organic tea in slope farmland comprises the following steps:
1) dam construction:
ridging on a slope farmland before planting after site selection, pouring and protecting a ridging surface by using concrete, wherein the ridging mode is in a grid shape, pit digging and planting are carried out in the middle of the grid, and fence planting is carried out beside the concrete ridging.
2) Flow resistance of nitrogen and phosphorus:
after planting, a grid type protective net is arranged inside the dam grids, and the grid type protective net is arranged around the seedling plants.
3) Laying a choke belt:
the grain flow-blocking belt is laid on the dam grid and is woven by using wheat straw or rice straw as raw material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: this slope arable land oranges and tangerines and organic tea ecological planting technology, slope through to the slope arable land is injectd, it is less to prevent that the slope is great to cause sunshine, influence the photosynthesis of oranges and organic tea, through injecing the growth that makes more suitable oranges and tangerines of soil and organic tea to the pH value of soil, it prevents to shade between the seedling through injecing the interval to the seedling, it is long when having increased illumination, through chooseing for use the survival rate that has increased the seedling to the seedling, through using the fertilizer, the polluted environment has been reduced, and be more suitable for the absorption growth of seedling.
This slope is ploughed oranges and tangerines and organic tea and is planted with nitrogen phosphorus loss and hinder accuse technology, prevents soil erosion and water loss and nitrogen phosphorus loss through the construction of dykes and dams to increased the water-holding capacity, made oranges and tangerines and organic tea seedling plant can abundant absorption moisture, through dykes and dams net, made things convenient for and protected soil and water, prevented soil and water loss, adopt cereal choking area to protect and prevent nitrogen phosphorus loss, and cereal more enough carries out the nutrition supply of certain degree to the seedling plant.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. An ecological planting process for citrus and organic tea in a slope farmland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) site selection:
selecting slope cropland with slope of 15-30 ° and without sunshine shielding by high mountain, wherein the vertical height of the slope cropland is 10-50m, selecting sandy soil block with pH value of 5.5-6.5, good soil structure, deep soil and fertile loose soil;
2) selecting seedlings:
selecting seedling plants with proper height, requiring pure varieties, no plant diseases and insect pests and seedling fructification, and soaking the roots of the seedling plants in nutrient solution;
3) planting:
drilling a hole in the slope farmland by using a drilling machine, placing a seedling plant inside a hole of the hole, and watering and covering soil in the hole;
4) fertilizing:
selecting high-quality animal organic fertilizer, carrying out pollution-free treatment on the animal organic fertilizer, irrigating the organic fertilizer on the pit, and fertilizing after planting for one month according to the steps.
2. The slope farmland orange and organic tea ecological planting process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling plants in the step 2) are divided into orange seedling plants and organic tea seedling plants, wherein the orange seedling plants are seedling plants with the diameter of 0.6-1.2cm and the height of 35-100cm, and the organic tea seedling plants are seedling plants with the diameter of 0.3-1cm and the height of 15-30 cm.
3. The ecological planting process for slope cropland oranges and organic tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the hole punched in the step 3) is 10-30cm, and the depth is 5-15 cm.
4. The ecological planting process for slope farmland oranges and organic tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling plants in the step 3) are divided into orange seedling plants and organic tea seedling plants, the planting distance of the orange seedling plants is 50-100cm, the transverse planting distance of the organic tea seedling plants is 20-30cm, and the longitudinal distance is 30-50 cm.
5. The ecological planting process for citrus and organic tea in slope farmland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation standard of the animal organic fertilizer in the step 4) is 500-1000ML per plant.
6. A phosphorus loss prevention and control process for nitrogen planting of citrus and organic tea in slope farmland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) dam construction:
ridging on a slope farmland before planting after site selection, pouring and protecting a ridging surface by using concrete, wherein the ridging mode is in a grid shape, pit digging planting is carried out in the middle of the grid, and a fence is planted beside the concrete ridging;
2) flow resistance of nitrogen and phosphorus:
after planting, installing a grid type protective net inside the dam grids, wherein the grid type protective net is installed around the seedling plants;
3) laying a choke belt:
the grain flow-blocking belt is laid on the dam grid and is woven by using wheat straw or rice straw as raw material.
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