CN1106399A - 环状醛醚及其制备和在作物保护剂方面的应用 - Google Patents
环状醛醚及其制备和在作物保护剂方面的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1106399A CN1106399A CN94113792A CN94113792A CN1106399A CN 1106399 A CN1106399 A CN 1106399A CN 94113792 A CN94113792 A CN 94113792A CN 94113792 A CN94113792 A CN 94113792A CN 1106399 A CN1106399 A CN 1106399A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- group
- alkylthio
- base
- formula
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- -1 Cyclic aldehyde ethers Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 220
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 59
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 38
- ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroxyl Chemical compound O=N ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000004765 (C1-C4) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 25
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005864 Sulphur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003601 C2-C6 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003638 stannyl group Chemical group [H][Sn]([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006553 (C3-C8) cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005103 alkyl silyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomethyl Chemical compound O=[CH] CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005087 alkynylcarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006352 cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005038 alkynylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004767 (C1-C4) haloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000006625 (C3-C8) cycloalkyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005092 alkenyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000006350 alkyl thio alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 43
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 16
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical class COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- UQPUONNXJVWHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UQPUONNXJVWHRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COC(C)OC SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyne Chemical compound CC#CC XNMQEEKYCVKGBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000007154 Coffea arabica Species 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- YLFIGGHWWPSIEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoxyl Chemical compound [O]N YLFIGGHWWPSIEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000038559 crop plants Species 0.000 description 4
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000004533 oil dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroacetic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)F QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 4
- WIHIUTUAHOZVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diethoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCOCC(O)COCC WIHIUTUAHOZVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-AAKVHIHISA-N 2,3-bis[[(z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(O)CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-AAKVHIHISA-N 0.000 description 3
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940093916 potassium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003626 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group Chemical group [*]N1N=C([H])N=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- NKTDTMONXHODTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pentyne Chemical compound CCC#CC NKTDTMONXHODTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- FOGYNLXERPKEGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(CC(CS(O)(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS(O)(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O FOGYNLXERPKEGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZBHPUNQNKBOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 PMZBHPUNQNKBOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021533 Beta vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000178924 Brassica napobrassica Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011297 Brassica napobrassica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000003255 Carthamus tinctorius Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000020518 Carthamus tinctorius Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000068645 Carya illinoensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009025 Carya illinoensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 2
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- ZOUWOGOTHLRRLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;phosphane Chemical compound P.[Pd] ZOUWOGOTHLRRLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-2-ene Chemical compound CCC=CC QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- TZMFJUDUGYTVRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,3-dione Chemical compound CCC(=O)C(C)=O TZMFJUDUGYTVRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- XCRBXWCUXJNEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XCRBXWCUXJNEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- VBXSERPGINMTDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl(2-phenylphosphanylethyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1PCCPC1=CC=CC=C1 VBXSERPGINMTDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWXJULSLLONQHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylcarbamic acid Chemical class OC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 PWXJULSLLONQHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic chloride Chemical compound ClP=O RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004482 piperidin-4-yl group Chemical group N1CCC(CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004742 propyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LOAUVZALPPNFOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinaldic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 LOAUVZALPPNFOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolene Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CC=CC1 MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YROXIXLRRCOBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonylurea Chemical class OC(=N)N=S(=O)=O YROXIXLRRCOBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003558 thiocarbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GYUURHMITDQTRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(pyridin-2-yl)stannane Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)C1=CC=CC=N1 GYUURHMITDQTRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- CPRPKIMXLHBUGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyltin Chemical group CC[Sn](CC)CC CPRPKIMXLHBUGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTVXIBRMWGUIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro($l^{1}-oxidanylsulfonyl)methane Chemical group [O]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WTVXIBRMWGUIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000018322 upland cotton Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- C07D319/04—1,3-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,3-dioxanes
- C07D319/08—1,3-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,3-dioxanes condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms
- A01N43/32—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms six-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/46—Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
- C07D239/60—Three or more oxygen or sulfur atoms
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- C07D319/14—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D319/16—1,4-Dioxanes; Hydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
- C07D319/18—Ethylenedioxybenzenes, not substituted on the hetero ring
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- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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Abstract
描述了式I环状缩醛、制备该缩醛I的方法及其
在制备作物保护组合物方面的用途。式I如上,式中R1、R2、Y和A的定义见说明书。
Description
本发明涉及式Ⅰ环状缩醛:
Ⅰ
式中取代基的定义如下:
R1和R2是氢,各自可带有1至5个卤原子和/或1至2个C1-4烷氧基的C1-4烷基,可带有1至5个卤原子和/或1至2个下列基团的苯基:C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷基或硝基,此外,R1和R2可一同构成C2-6亚烷基链,该链可被1至5个卤原子和/或C1-4烷基取代;
Y是氧或硫;
A是基团A1至A6,
A1是羟基,
A2是卤原子、C1-4卤代烷基磺酰氧基、C1-4烷基磺酰氧基或氟磺酰氧基,
A3是氰基、硝基或甲酰基,
A4是苯环或环上具有不超过4个氮、硫和氧杂原子的5或6元饱和或不饱和杂环,它们均可被不超过5个基团R31至R35取代,可被不超过5个基团R31至R35取代的萘基或者环上具有1至3个氮、硫和氧杂原子的苯并稠合的5或6元芳杂环,
A5是C2-6链烯基、C3-8环烯基、C5-8环二烯基或C2-6炔基,它们均可带有不超过7个取代基R31至R37,
A6是C1-8烷基或C3-8环烷基,它们均可带有至多7个取代基R31至R37,
R31、R32、R33、R34、R35、R36和R37是:
a)可带有1至3个C1-4烷基的C3-8环烷基,
b)可带有1至5个卤原子和/或下列基团之一的C1-8烷基:C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基、C1-4烷硫基、氰基、C3-8环烷基或二-C1-4烷基氨基,
c)各自可带有1至5个卤原子和/或下列基团之一的C1-8烷氧基或C3-5环烷氧基:C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基、C1-4烷硫基、C3-8环烷基或二-C1-4烷基氨基,
d)可带有1至5个卤原子和/或下列基团之一的C1-4烷硫基:C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基、C1-4烷硫基、C3-8环烷基或二-C1-4烷基氨基,
e)二-C1-4烷基氨基或二-C1-4烷基氨基氧基(alkylaminoxy)、C5-8环烷亚氨基氧基(cycloalkaniminoxy)或C1-10烷亚氨基氧基,
f)可带有1至5个卤原子和/或下列基团之一的C2-6链烯基或C2-6炔基:C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基或C1-4烷硫基,
g)氢,
h)硝基、卤素、氰基或三-C1-4烷基甲硅烷基;
但条件是:若R1和R2均是氢或若R1是氢而R2是苯基时,A不是羟基。
上述化合物具体用作中间体,用于制备作物保护剂,例如按照先有技术(例如DE-A 3919435、EP-A 346789、EP-A 490060、WO 93/03017、EP-A 249708、287072、287079和315889)具有良好的除莠和/或生物调节作用的取代的水杨酸衍生物。然而,它们本身也显示出良好的除莠作用。
化学文摘91(23):193238u(L.Bonsignore等人,Rend.SeminFac.Sci.Univ.Cagliari,48卷(1978),第275-283页)描述了1,3-苯并二唑和苯并二噁烷衍生物。
本发明的目的是使多种取代的水杨酸衍生物,例如在上述文献中所述的化合物可容易地获得,并提供制备这些化合物的有利方法。
现在我们发现该目的可以通过本文开头所述的环状缩醛Ⅰ来达到。我们还发现了用于使缩醛Ⅰ反应以获得生物活性化合物的有利方法。本发明还涉及制备缩醛Ⅰ的化学分段法、含所述化合物Ⅰ的除莠组合物及其在控制不期望的植物生长方面的用途。
在本说明书中,下面提到的取代基优选具有以下意义:
C1-4烷基:甲基,乙基,1-丙基,2-丙基,2-甲基-2-丙基,2-甲基-1-丙基,1-丁基,2-丁基;
C1-8烷基:C1-4烷基,还有戊基,1-甲基丁基,2-甲基丁基,3-甲基丁基,1,2-二甲基丙基,1,1-二甲基丙基,2,2-二甲基丙基,1-乙基丙基,己基,1-甲基戊基,2-甲基戊基,3-甲基戊基,4-甲基戊基,1,2-二甲基丁基,1,3-二甲基丁基,2,3-二甲基丁基,1,1-二甲基丁基,2,2-二甲基丁基,3,3-二甲基丁基,1,1,2-三甲基丙基,1,2,2-三甲基丙基,1-乙基丁基,2-乙基丁基,1-乙基-2-甲基丙基;
C1-2卤代烷基:氟甲基,二氟甲基,三氟甲基,氯二氟甲基,二氯氟甲基,三氯甲基,1-氟乙基,2-氟乙基,2,2-二氟乙基,2,2,2-三氟乙基,2-氯-2,2-二氟乙基,2,2-二氯-2-氟乙基,2,2,2-三氯乙基和五氟乙基;
C1-2卤代烷氧基:二氟甲氧基,三氟甲氧基,氯二氟甲氧基,1-氟乙氧基,2-氟乙氧基,2,2-二氟乙氧基,1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基,2,2,2-三氟乙氧基,2-氯-1,1,2-三氟乙氧基和五氟乙氧基;
C1-4烷氧基:甲氧基,乙氧基,丙氧基,1-甲基乙氧基,丁氧基,1-甲基丙氧基,2-甲基丙氧基,1,1-二甲基乙氧基,尤其是甲氧基,乙氧基,1-甲基乙氧基;
C1-4烷硫基:甲硫基、乙硫基,丙硫基,1-甲基乙硫基,丁硫基,1-甲基丙硫基,2-甲基丙硫基,1,1-二甲基乙硫基,特别是甲硫基和乙硫基;
C3-6链烯基:2-丙烯基,2-丁烯基,3-丁烯基,1-甲基-2-丙烯基,2-甲基-2-丙烯基,2-戊烯基,3-戊烯基,4-戊烯基,1-甲基-2-丁烯基,2-甲基-2-丁烯基,3-甲基-2-丁烯基,1-甲基-3-丁烯基,2-甲基-3-丁烯基,3-甲基-3-丁烯基,1,1-二甲基-2-丙烯基,1,2-二甲基-2-丙烯基,1-乙基-2-丙烯基,2-己烯基,3-己烯基,4-己烯基,5-己烯基,1-甲基-2-戊烯基,2-甲基-2-戊烯基,3-甲基-2-戊烯基,4-甲基-2-戊烯基,3-甲基-3-戊烯基,4-甲基-3-戊烯基,1-甲基-4-戊烯基,2-甲基-4-戊烯基,3-甲基-4-戊烯基,4-甲基-4-戊烯基,1,1-二甲基-2-丁烯基,1,1-二甲基-3-丁烯基,1,2-二甲基-2-丁烯基,1,2-二甲基-3-丁烯基,1,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基,1,3-二甲基-3-丁烯基,2,2-二甲基-3-丁烯基,2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯基,2,3-二甲基-3-丁烯基,1-乙基-2-丁烯基,1-乙基-3-丁烯基,2-乙基-2-丁烯基,2-乙基-3-丁烯基,1,1,2-三甲基-2-丙烯基,1-乙基-1-甲基-2-丙烯基和1-乙基-2-甲基-2-丙烯基;
C3-6炔基:2-丙炔基,2-丁炔基,3-丁炔基,1-甲基-2-丙炔基,2-戊炔基,3-戊炔基,4-戊炔基,1-甲基-3-丁炔基,2-甲基-3-丁炔基,1-甲基-2-丁炔基,1,1-二甲基-2-丙炔基,1-乙基-2-丙炔基,2-己炔基,3-己炔基,4-己炔基,5-己炔基,1-甲基-2-戊炔基,1-甲基-2-戊炔基,1-甲基-3-戊炔基,1-甲基-4-戊炔基,2-甲基-3-戊炔基,2-甲基-4-戊炔基,3-甲基-4-戊炔基,4-甲基-2-戊炔基,1,1-二甲基-2-丁炔基,1,1-二甲基-3-丁炔基,1,2-二甲基-3-丁炔基,2,2-二甲基-3-丁炔基,1-乙基-2-丁炔基,1-乙基-3-丁炔基,2-乙基-3-丁炔基和1-乙基-1-甲基-2-丙炔基;
卤素:氯,溴,碘,氟;
C3-8环烯基:环丙烯基,环丁烯基,环戊烯基,环己烯基,环庚烯基,环辛烯基,特别优选环戊烯基,环庚烯基和环辛烯基;
C5-8环二烯基:环戊二烯基,1,3-环己二烯基,1,4-环己二烯基,1,3-环庚二烯基,1,4-环庚二烯基,1,3-环辛二烯基,1,4-环辛二烯基,1,5-环辛二烯基;
C3-8环烷基:环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基,环庚基和环辛基,特别优选环丙基,环戊基和环己基;
二-C1-4烷基氨基氧基:二甲氨基氧基,N-甲基-N-乙基氨基氧基,二乙氨基氧基,N-甲基-N-丙基氨基氧基,N-乙基-N-丙基氨基氧基,二丙氨基氧基,二异丙氨基氧基,N-异丙基-N-甲基氨基氧基,N-乙基-N-异丙基氨基氧基,N-异丙基-N-丙基氨基氧基,二丁氨基氧基,二-2-甲基丙基氨基氧基,二-1-甲基丙基氨基氧基,N-丁基-N-甲基氨基氧基和异构体,N-丁基-N-乙基氨基氧基和异构体,N-丁基-N-丙基氨基氧基和异构体;
C1-10烷亚氨基氧基:甲亚氨基氧基,乙亚氨基氧基,1-丙亚氨基氧基,2-丙亚氨基氧基,1-丁亚氨基氧基,2-丁亚氨基氧基,2-甲基丙-1-亚氨基氧基,1-戊亚氨基氧基,2-戊亚氨基氧基,3-戊亚氨基氧基,3-甲基丁-2-亚氨基氧基,3-甲基丁-1-亚氨基氧基,2-甲基丁-1-亚氨基氧基,2,2-二甲基丙-1-亚氨基氧基,己亚氨基氧基和异构体,庚亚氨基氧基和异构体,辛亚氨基氧基和异构体,壬亚氨基氧基和异构体,癸亚氨基氧基和异构体,特别优选2-丙亚氨基氧基,2-丁亚氨基氧基,2-戊亚氨基氧基,3-戊亚氨基氧基,2-己亚氨基氧基,3-己亚氨基氧基和2,2-二甲基丙-1-亚氨基氧基;
C5-8环烷亚氨基氧基:环戊亚氨基氧基,环己亚氨基氧基,环庚亚氨基氧基,环辛亚氨基氧基,
二-C1-4烷基氨基:二甲氨基,N-甲基-N-乙基氨基,二乙氨基,N-甲基-N-丙基氨基,N-乙基-N-丙基氨基,二丙氨基,二异丙氨基,N-异丙基-N-甲基氨基,N-乙基-N-异丙基氨基,N-异丙基-N-丙基氨基,二丁氨基,二-2-甲基丙基氨基,二-1-甲基丙基氨基,N-丁基-N-甲基氨基和异构体,N-丁基-N-乙基氨基和异构体,N-丁基-N-丙基氨基和异构体。
就终产物(例如水杨酸衍生物Ⅳ)的预期用途而论,优选式中的取代基具有以下意义的式Ⅰ化合物作中间体:
R1和R2是氢,各自可带有1至5个卤原子和/或1至2个C1-4烷氧基的C1-4烷基,特别优选甲基和乙基;可带有1至5个卤原子和/或1至2个下列基团的苯基:C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷基,优选C1-2卤代烷基或硝基,特别优选苯基;此外,R1和R2可一同构成C2-6亚烷基链,例如1,2-亚乙基、1,3-亚丙基、1,4-亚丁基、1,5-亚戊基或1,6-亚己基,该链可被1至5个卤原子和/或C1-4烷基取代;特别优选1,4-亚丁基和1,5-亚戊基;
A是基团A1至A6,
A1是羟基,
A2是卤原子、C1-4卤代烷基磺酰氧基、C1-4烷基磺酰氧基或氟磺酰氧基,
A3是氰基、硝基或甲酰基,
A4是苯环或环上具有1至4个氮、硫和氧杂原子的5或6元饱和或不饱和杂环,例如苯基、吡啶-2-基、吡啶-3-基、吡啶-4-基、嘧啶-2-基、嘧啶-4-基、嘧啶-5-基、吡嗪-2-基、哒嗪-3-基、哒嗪-4-基、1,3,5-三嗪-2-基、1,2,4-三嗪-3-基、1,2,4-三嗪-5-基、1,2,4-三嗪-6-基,1,2,4,5-四嗪-3-基、四氢噻喃-2-基、四氢噻喃-3-基、四氢噻喃-4-基、四氢吡喃-2-基、四氢噻喃-3-基、四氢吡喃-4-基、二氢吡喃基、二氢噻喃基、哌啶-2-基、哌啶-3-基、哌啶-4-基、吗啉-2-基、吗啉-3-基、呋喃-2-基、呋喃-3-基、2-噻吩基、3-噻吩基、四氢呋喃-2-基、四氢呋喃-3-基、2,3-二氢呋喃-3-基、2,3-二氢呋喃-2-基、2,3-二氢呋喃-4-基、2,3-二氢呋喃-5-基、3,4-二氢呋喃-2-基、3,4-二氢呋喃-2-基、2,3-二氢噻吩-3-基、2,3-二氢噻吩-2-基、2,3-二氢噻吩-4-基、2,3-二氢噻吩-5-基、3,4-二氢噻吩-2-基、3,4-二氢噻吩-3-基、四氢噻吩-2-基、四氢噻吩-3-基、2-吡咯基、3-吡咯基、2-吡咯烷基、3-吡咯烷基、咪唑-2-基、咪唑-4-基、咪唑-5-基、吡唑-3-基、吡唑-4-基、吡唑-5-基、1,2,3-三唑-4-基、1,2,3-三唑-5-基,1,2,4-三唑-3-基、1,2,4-三唑-5-基、四唑-5-基、1,2,3-噻二唑-4-基、1,2,3-噻二唑-5-基、1,2,5-噻二唑-3-基、1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基、1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基、1,2,4-噻二唑-5-基、1,2、3-噁二唑-4-基、1,2,3-噁二唑-5-基、1,2,5-噻二唑-3-基、1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基、1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基,1,2,4-噁二唑-5-基、1,3-二氧戊环-2-基、1,3-二氧戊环-4-基、1,3-二硫戊环-2-基、1,3-二硫戊环-4-基、噁唑-2-基、噁唑-4-基、噁唑-5-基、噁唑啉-2-基、噁唑啉-4-基、噁唑啉-5-基、异噁唑-2-基、异噁唑-4-基、异噁唑-5-基、异噁唑啉-2-基、异噁唑啉-4-基、异噁唑啉-5-基、噻唑-2-基、噻唑-4-基、噻唑-5-基、噻唑啉-2-基、噻唑啉-4-基、噻唑啉-5-基、异噻唑-2-基、异噻唑-4-基、异噻唑-5-基、异噻唑啉-2-基、异噻唑啉-4-基、异噻唑啉-5-基,它们均可被不超过5个基团R31至R35取代,萘基或环上具有1至3个氮、硫和氧杂原子的苯并稠合的5或6元芳杂环,例如苯并呋喃基,苯并噻吩基、2,1,3-苯并噻二唑基、吲哚基、吲唑基、苯并三唑基、1,2,3-苯并噻二唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并异噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并异噻唑基、喹啉基、噌啉基、喹喔啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基或benzofuroxanyl,它们均可被至多5个基团R31至R35取代,
A5是C2-6链烯基、C3-8环烯基、C5-8环二烯基或C2-6炔基,它们均可带有不超过7个取代基R31至R37,
A6是C1-8烷基或C3-8环烷基,它们均可带有至多7个取代基R31至R37,R31、R32、R33、R34、R35、R36和R37是:
a)可带有1至3个C1-4烷基的C3-8环烷基,
b)可带有1至5个卤原子和/或下列基团之一的C1-8烷基:C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基、尤其是C1-2卤代烷氧基,C1-4烷硫基,氰基,C3-8环烷基或二-C1-4烷基氨基,
c)各自可带有1至5个卤原子和/或下列基团之一的C1-8烷氧基或C3-5环烷氧基:C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基、C1-4烷硫基、C3-8环烷基或二-C1-4烷基氨基,
d)可带有1至5个卤原子和/或下列基团之一的C1-4烷硫基:C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基,特别是C1-2卤代烷氧基,C1-4烷硫基、C3-8环烷基或二-C1-4烷基氨基,
e)二-C1-4烷基氨基或二-C1-4烷基氨基氧基、C5-8环烷亚氨基氧基或C1-10烷亚氨基氧基,
f)可带有1至5个卤原子和/或下列基团之一的C2-6链烯基或C2-6炔基:C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基或C1-4烷硫基,
g)氢,
h)硝基、卤素、氰基或三-C1-4烷基甲硅烷基;
Y是氧或硫。
其中A=A1、A2、A3或A6的环状缩醛通过使相应的6-羟基苯甲酸(用于Y=0)或6-巯基苯甲酸(用于Y=S)在酸性催化剂存在下与化合物O=CR1R2反应来制备:
(A=A1,A2,A3或A6)
起始物质通常是已知的或可用公知的方法获得。
为结合该反应中生成的水,若能促进该转化,可加入脱水剂,例如分子筛,酸酐,如三氟乙酸酐或乙酸酐,或硫酸钠或氯化钙。化合物0=CR1R2的活性缩醛亦是适宜的,例如缩二甲醇、缩二乙醇、缩乙二醇(ethylene acetal)或缩丙二醇。适宜的催化剂特别是酸性离子交换剂,质子酸,例如甲苯磺酸、硫酸、磷酸等,或路易斯酸,例如氯化铝、四氯化钛、氯化锌、氯化钙、氯化镁、氯化锡等。由缩醛生成的水或醇常常可通过蒸馏直接从反应混合物中除去。式中A=A1的环状缩醛还可以通过使其例如与磺酸酐或磺酰卤反应而在羟基上进行改性(参见合成实施例)。
式中A=A4或A5的环状缩醛通过使式中A=A2的化合物Ⅰ与化合物X-A4或X-A5在催化活性的钯化合物存在下按照以下反应方案反应来制备特别有利:
式中R1、R2、Y和A4或A5的定义同上;A2是例如氯、溴、碘,C1-4卤代烷基磺酰氧基,尤其是三氟甲基磺酰氧基,C1-4烷基磺酰氧基或氟磺酰氧基;X是氢,尤其是当A为A5时,X是三烷基甲锡烷基,例如C1-8烷基甲锡烷基,如三甲基甲锡烷基,三乙基甲锡烷基,三丙基甲锡烷基,三丁基甲锡烷基,三戊基甲锡烷基或三己基甲锡烷基,二羟基甲硼烷基,二烷氧基甲硼烷基,例如二-C1-4烷氧基甲硼烷基,例如二甲氧基甲硼烷基,二乙氧基甲硼烷基,二丙氧基甲硼烷基,二异丙氧基甲硼烷基或二丁氧基甲硼烷基或异构体,或者亚烷二氧基甲硼烷基,例如C1-4亚烷二氧基甲硼烷基,如亚乙二氧基甲硼烷基或1,3-亚丙二氧基甲硼烷基。所用的硼或锡化合物或者是已知的,或者可按类似于已知化合物的方法来制备。
在该新方法中使用催化活性的钯化合物。这里所需的适宜的钯盐或络合物是至少可部分溶于该反应混合物的化合物。钯的氧化态可以是0或2。在所述钯盐中,下列相反离子尤其适宜:氯离子、溴离子、碘离子、硫酸根、乙酸根、三氟乙酸根、乙酰丙酮酸根或六氟-2,4-戊二酸根。可以使用多种钯络合物,唯一的条件是:钯上的配位体在该反应条件下可以被底物置换。膦配位体例如芳基烷基膦,尤其象甲基二苯基膦、异丙基二苯基膦,三芳基膦,尤其象三苯膦、三甲苯膦、三二甲苯膦,三杂芳基膦例如三呋喃膦或二聚膦是特别合适的。烯属配位体,尤其象二亚苄基丙酮或其盐,环辛-1,5-二烯或胺,例如三烷基胺(例如三乙胺、四甲基乙二胺、N-甲基吗啉)或吡啶也是非常合适的。
所用的络合物在该反应中可直接使用。因此该反应可以例如用下列物质来进行:四重三苯膦钯(0)、二氯化二重三苯膦钯、二乙酸二重三苯膦钯、二亚苄基丙酮钯(0)络合物、四重甲基二苯基膦钯(0)或二氯化二(1,2-二苯基膦基乙烷)钯。还可以使用钯盐加合适的配位体,这样只是就地生成所述催化活性络合物。该方法例如用上述盐和膦配位体如三呋喃膦或三甲苯膦来实施。钯络合物例如三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、二(二亚苄基丙酮)钯或二氯化1,5-环辛二烯钯还可以通过添加配位体如三呋喃膦或三甲苯膦来活化。
以化合物X-A4或X-A5为基准计,所述钯化合物(盐或络合物)的用量通常为0.001-10mol%,特别是0.005-5mol%,用量可以较大,但颇不经济。
以起始物质Ⅰ-A2(A=A2的Ⅰ)为基准,X-A4或X-A5的用量通常为0.8-3、优选0.95-1.5摩尔当量。
所有自身不与所用底物反应的溶剂均适于该反应。极性溶剂对该反应有促进作用。醚类如乙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、二甲氧基乙烷、四氢呋喃和二噁烷,酰胺类如二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和二甲基-1,2-亚丙基脲或胺类如三乙胺特别合适。使用例如醚类与酰胺类的混合物或者上述溶剂与水或脂肪醇类的混合物常常是有利的。若A2是磺酰氧基,添加卤化四烷基铵或碱金属卤化物例如氯化锂常常是有益的而被特别推荐。
若X是氢,将无机或有机碱加至该反应混合物中常常是有利的,所述碱是例如碳酸钙、碳酸钠、磷酸钠、磷酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙,碳酸钙、吡啶、三乙胺等。
反应温度为-20-200℃,优选50-160℃。反应时间一般为从几分钟至50小时,通常为0.5-10小时。当使用低沸点溶剂时,在高压釜中在自压下进行该反应有时是有益的。
若需要,可将如此获得的式中A=A4或A5的式Ⅰ产物经进一步反应转化成式中A=A4或A5的式Ⅰ的其它中间体,这样,可能有必要除去保护基团。例如,表1中的第1.017号化合物可以通过在氟化四丁基铵存在下水解除去表1中第1.001号化合物的三甲基甲硅烷基来制备。
制备式中A=A4的中间体Ⅰ的另一个可能途径是通过按照以下反应式将式中A=A5的环状缩醛Ⅰ环化加成至二烯、杂二烯或1,3-偶极上:
前述的链烯和炔烃对A5均是合适的,特别优选乙烯基和乙炔基。
关于(杂)二烯成分和可能的1,3-偶极化合物,可参见G.March,Advanced Organic Chemistry,第二版,1977,第758-798页。
特别优选的二烯是环戊二烯和3-sulfolene。被R31取代的腈氧化物特别适合作1,3-偶极化合物。式Ⅰ的各种异噁唑和异噁唑啉衍生物用该方法是可以获得的(见制备实施例6)。
上述的反应时间、反应温度和溶剂在这里也是适宜的。此外还可以提及非极性溶剂,例如烃类,如己烷、庚烷等,芳烃类,例如甲苯或氯苯或氯代烃类。在一些情况下,添加质子酸或路易斯酸作催化剂可能是有效的。
所述环状缩醛Ⅰ本身具有除莠活性,或者用于制备作物保护活性化合物,例如按以下反应途径与盐R50-M和杂环Ⅲ反应制备作物保护活性的式Ⅳ化合物:
式中R1、R2、Y和A的定义同上,其它基团的定义如下:
M为碱金属阳离子,例如锂、钠、钾,或者为相当的碱土金属阳离子,例如镁、钙或钡;
R41为卤素,例如氟、氯、溴、碘,烷基磺酰基,特别是甲磺酰基或卤代烷基磺酰基,特别是三氟甲基磺酰基;
R50为
a)经氮原子相连的5元芳杂环基,例如吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基和三唑基,它们可以带有1至2个卤原子,尤其是氟和氯,和/或1至2个下列基团:C1-4烷基;C1-4卤代烷基,特别是C1-2卤代烷基;C1-4卤代烷氧基,特别是C1-2卤代烷氧基;C1-4烷氧基;C1-4烷硫基;
b)基团-(O)m-NR6R7,式中
m是0或1,以及
R6和R7可以相同或不同,具有下列意义:
氢;
C1-8烷基,特别是C1-4烷基;
C3-6链烯基,特别是2-丙烯基,2-丁烯基,3-甲基-2-丁烯基和3-甲基-2-戊烯基;
C3-6炔基,优选2-丙炔基,2-丁炔基,1-甲基-2-丙炔基和1-甲基-2-丁炔基,特别是2-丙炔基;
C3-8环烷基,例如环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基,环庚基和环辛基,这些烷基,环烷基、链烯基和炔基各自可带有1至5个、特别是1至3个卤原子,优选氟或氯,和/或1至2个下述基团:
C1-4烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4烷硫基,C1-4卤代烷氧基,C3-6链烯氧基,C3-6链烯硫基,C3-6炔氧基,C3-6炔硫基,存在于这些基团中的链烯基和炔基部分优选与上述定义相一致;
C1-4烷基羰基,例如特别是甲基羰基,乙基羰基,丙基羰基,1-甲基乙基羰基,丁基羰基,1-甲基丙基羰基,2-甲基丙基羰基,1,1-二甲基乙基羰基;
C1-4烷氧基羰基,例如甲氧基羰基,乙氧基羰基,丙氧基羰基,1-甲基乙氧基羰基,丁氧基羰基,1-甲基丙氧基羰基,2-甲基丙氧基羰基,1,1-二甲基乙氧基羰基;
C3-6链烯基羰基,C3-6炔基羰基,C3-6链烯氧基羰基和C3-6炔氧基羰基,其中所述链烯基和炔基优选上述定义。
苯基,它可被下列基团-或多取代:卤素,硝基,氰基,C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷氧基或C1-4烷硫基,例如2-氟苯基,3-氯苯基,4-溴苯基,2-甲基苯基,3-硝基苯基,4-氰基苯基,2-三氟甲基苯基,3-甲氧基苯基,4-三氟乙氧基苯基,2-甲硫基苯基,2,4-二氯苯基,2-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基,2,4-二甲氧基苯基,2-硝基-5-氰基苯基,2,6-二氟苯基;
二-C1-4烷基氨基,例如特别是二甲氨基,二乙氨基,二丙氨基,N-丙基-N-甲基氨基,N-丙基-N-乙基氨基,二异丙氨基,N-异丙基-N-甲基氨基,N-异丙基-N-乙基氨基,N-异丙基-N-丙基氨基;
R6和R7还可以是可被一个或多个下列基团取代的苯基:卤素,硝基,氰基,C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,特别是C1-2卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷氧基,特别是C1-2卤代烷氧基或C1-4烷硫基;
或者R6和R7一起构成关闭即成环且可含选自氧、硫或氮杂原子的饱和或不饱和的C4-7亚烷基链,例如-(CH2)4-,-(CH2)5-,-(CH2)6-,-(CH2)7-,-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-,-CH2-S-(CH2)3-,-(CH2)2-O-(CH3)3-,-NH-(CH2)3-,-CH2-NH-(CH2)2-,-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-,-CH=CH-(CH2)3-,其中适宜的取代基特别是C1-4烷基;
c)还是基团
式中k为0、1或2,p为1、2、3或4,及R8是C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,C3-6链烯基,C3-6炔基或未取代的或取代的苯基,具体的如R6和R7所述;
d)还是基团OR9,其中R9是:
ⅰ)如上所述的C3-8环烷基,可带有1至3个C1-4烷基,特别是环丙基,环戊基,环己基,甲基环己基;
ⅱ)C1-8烷基,可带有1至5个卤原子,特别是氟和氯,和/或下列基团之一:C1-4烷氧基,C1-4烷硫基,氰基,C1-4烷基羰基,C3-8环烷基,C1-4烷氧基羰基,苯基或者被以下基团单或多取代的苯基或苯氧基:卤素、硝基、氰基、C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基和/或C1-4烷硫基,具体的如上所述;
ⅲ)C1-8烷基,可带有1至5个、优选1至3个卤原子,特别是氟和/或氯并带有通过C原子或若有可能通过N原子键合的下列基团之一:含1至3个氮原子的5元芳杂环,或含氮原子和氧原子或硫原子的5元芳杂环,例如吡唑基、咪唑基、苯并咪唑基、三唑基、苯并三唑基、异噁唑基、噁唑基、噻唑基,所述芳杂环可以带有1至4个卤原子和/或1至2个以下基团:硝基,氰基,C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,苯基,C1-4卤代烷氧基和/或C1-4烷硫基;可特别提及下列基团:1-吡唑基,3-甲基-1-吡唑基,4-甲基-1-吡唑基,3,5-二甲基-1-吡唑基,3-苯基-1-吡唑基,4-苯基-1-吡唑基,4-氯-1-吡唑基,4-溴-1-吡唑基,1-咪唑基,1-苯并咪唑基,1,2,4-三唑-1-基,3-甲基-1,2,4-三唑-1-基,5-甲基-1,2,4-三唑-1-基,1-苯并三唑基,1-异丙基异噁唑-5-基,3-甲基异噁唑-5-基,噁唑-2-基,噻唑-2-基,咪唑-2-基,3-乙基异噁唑-5-基,3-苯基异噁唑-5-基,3-叔丁基异噁唑-5-基;
ⅳ)C2-6烷基,它在2-位带有下列基团之一:C1-4烷氧基亚氨基,C3-6炔氧基亚氨基,C3-6卤代链烯氧基亚氨基或苄氧基亚氨基;
ⅴ)C3-6链烯基或C3-6炔基,其中这些基团还可以带有1至5个卤原子;
ⅵ)R9还可以是可带有1至5个卤原子和/或1至3个下列基团的苯基:硝基,氰基,C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷氧基和/或C1-4烷硫基,具体的如上所述;
ⅶ)含1至3个氮原子、通过氮原子相连的5元芳杂环,例如吡唑基,咪唑基,苯并咪唑基,三唑基,苯并三唑基,优选通过1-位键合,所述芳杂环可带有1至2个卤原子和/或1至2个下列基团:C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,苯基,C1-4卤代烷氧基和/或C1-4烷硫基;可特别提及下列基团:1-吡唑基,3-甲基-1-吡唑基,4-甲基-1-吡唑基,3,5-二甲基1-吡唑基,3-苯基-1-吡唑基,4-苯基-1-吡唑基,4-氯-1-吡唑基,4-溴-1-吡唑基,1-咪唑基,1-苯并咪唑基,1,2,4-三唑-1-基,3-甲基-1,2,4-三唑-1-基,5-甲基-1,2,4-三唑-1-基,1-苯并三唑基,3,4-二氯咪唑-1-基;
ⅷ)R9又可以是基团-N=CR10R11,式中R10和R11可以相同或不同,是:
C1-12烷基,C3-6链烯基,C3-6炔基,C3-8环烷基,这些基团可带有C1-4烷氧基,C1-4烷硫基和/或未取代的或取代的苯基,具体的如上所述,
苯基,它可被1个或多个下列基团取代:卤素,硝基,氰基,C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷氧基或C1-4烷硫基;或者R10和R11一起形成C3-12亚烷基链,它可带有1至3个C1-4烷基并可含选自氧、硫和氮的杂原子,具体的如R6和R7中所述;
e)或R50形成基团-NH-SO2-R12,其中R12是:
具体如上面的R1所述的C1-4烷基,C3-6链烯基,C3-6炔基,C3-8环烷基,其中这些基团可以带有如上所述的C1-4烷氧基或C1-4烷硫基和/或苯基;
未取代的或取代的苯基,具体的如上所述;
R42特别是上面所述的C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基或C1-4烷硫基和卤原子,尤其是氯、甲基、甲氧基、乙氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基,特别优选甲氧基;
W是氮或CR13,其中
R13优选是氢,或者与R43一起形成4至5元亚烷基或亚链烯基链,其中各链的一个亚甲基被氧置换,例如-CH2-CH2-O-,-CH=CH-O-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-,-CH=CH-CH2O-,特别优选氢和-CH2-CH2-O-;
R43是卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,特别是C1-2卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷氧基,特别是C1-2卤代烷氧基,C1-4烷硫基,优选氯,氟,甲基,甲氧基,乙氧基,二氟甲氧基,三氟甲氧基,特别优选甲氧基,或者如上所述与R13相连形成5或6元环。
环状缩醛Ⅰ与盐R50M的反应和与式Ⅲ杂环的进一步的反应可以在一个反应容器内进行直至得到活性化合物Ⅳ。在这种情况下,首先加盐R50M,然后加杂环Ⅲ;所述盐R50M也可以由化合物R50H和碱来就地制备。若该反应的第一步,即将盐R50M加至中间体Ⅰ中基本上完全,则有利的是应只加Ⅲ。这可持续从几分钟至几小时,反应温度为-40-200℃,通常为0-130℃。
也可以在第一步后中止该反应并分离中间体Ⅴ
然后,化合物Ⅴ可采用已知方法例如本说明书开头所述文献中所述的方法来进一步反应。
在这两种情况下,通常的溶剂是合适的,但条件是,它们自身不能被所用的碱或盐R50M去质子化并且不参与该反应。特别合适的溶剂有极性溶剂,例如醚类,如乙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、二甲氧基乙烷、四氢呋喃、二噁烷、酰胺类,如二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和二甲基-1,2-亚丙基脲或二甲亚砜。若相转移催化剂如冠醚或季铵盐能促进该转化,可以添加。
反应温度是-40-200℃,优选0-160℃。反应时间一般为几分钟至50小时,通常为0.5-10小时。
化合物Ⅱ(R50M)的用量一般为每摩尔起始物质Ⅰ0.8至3摩尔当量,特别是0.9至1.5摩尔当量。杂环Ⅲ的用量,以Ⅰ为基准计,为0.8至3摩尔当量、特别是0.9至1.5摩尔当量同样合适。
该反应可以在大气压、加压或减压下连续或分批进行。
可有多种后处理方法,分别取决于产物在所用溶剂中的溶解度以及该溶剂与水的互溶性和该溶剂的沸点。水性和非水性后处理均是可以的。
合适的后处理方法包括例如将反应混合物与水混合,滤出产物或用有机溶剂将其提出,所述反应混合物中的溶剂可被部分或全部预先蒸发。
合成实施例
实施例1
a)
5-羟基-2,2-二甲基-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英(benzodioxin-)-4-酮
将100g(0.66mol)2,6-二羟苯甲酸加至800ml三氟乙酸中,并加入100ml丙酮和216g(1.98mol)三氟乙酸酐。将混合物回流2小时,然后在回流下以每小时50ml丙酮的速度滴加丙酮5.5小时(总反应时间7.5小时,丙酮的总加入量为375ml)。将反应混合物于约55℃真空浓缩,加入甲苯使成三倍体积并再次浓缩,最后将残余物在油泵上于45℃干燥1小时。
将该油状产物溶于21甲基叔丁基醚中,用21水和21饱和碳酸氢钠溶液处理,搅拌约1.5小时。将水相分出并用甲基叔丁基醚提取一次,将合并的有机相用氯化钠溶液洗涤,干燥并真空浓缩。将残留物用200ml正戊烷搅拌,将固体吸滤出并真空干燥。
产量:115g(90%)
M.P.60-62℃。
b)
2,2-二甲基-5-三氟甲磺酰氧基-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮
将80g(0.41mol)5-羟基-2,2-二甲基-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮溶于1.51二氯甲烷中,于0℃加入129g(1.28mol)三乙胺,然后用2小时滴加314g(1.11mol)三氟甲磺酸酐。将混合物温至10℃,接着于该温度搅拌10分钟。然后将混合物于0℃搅拌下加至1.51水中。将有机相分出,并用二氯甲烷提取。将合并的有机相用水和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥并真空浓缩。将残留物与200ml正戊烷混合搅拌,滤出固体,并用正戊烷洗涤并于40℃在油泵上干燥。
产量:118g(88%)
熔点:115℃
c)
2,2-二甲基-5-(2-甲氧基吡啶-5-基)-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮
将8.7g 2,2-二甲基-5-三氟甲磺酰氧基-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮、23.2g 2-甲氧基-5-三丁基甲锡烷基吡啶、3.4g氯化锂、0.6g四重三苯膦钯和70mg 2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚溶于150ml二噁烷中,并将该溶液于140℃在高压釜内搅拌3小时。将混合物真空浓缩,与200ml正戊烷混合搅拌,过滤通过少量硅胶60,然后用正戊烷洗涤,用乙酸乙酯洗脱产物。浓缩后,剩余10.3g,m.p.160℃。
d)2-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基氧基)-6-(2-甲氧基吡啶-5-基)苯甲酸丙酮肟酯
将0.67g溶于30ml甲苯的丙酮肟用1.66g浓度为30%的甲醇钠甲醇溶液处理,并将混合物真空浓缩。加入35ml二甲基甲酰胺,然后加入2.5g,2,2-二甲基-5-(2-甲氧基吡啶-5-基)-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮,将混合物于室温搅拌15分钟,最后加入1.9g 4,6-二甲氧基-2-甲磺酰基嘧啶。接着将混合物搅拌过夜,倒入300ml水中,并用甲基叔丁基醚提取。将有机相用水和饱和氯化钠溶液充分洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥并真空浓缩。将粗产物在硅胶60上色谱纯化,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ=1.65(s);1.95(s);3.85(s);3.98(s);5.78(s);6.77(d);7.3-7.7(m);8=25(d)。
实施例2
a)2,2-二甲基-5-(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮
将10.9g 2,2-二甲基-5-三氟甲磺酰氧基-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮、16.0g 6-甲氧基-2-三丁基甲锡烷基吡啶、4.25g氯化锂、0.78g四重三苯膦钯和40mg 2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚溶于120ml二噁烷中,并将该混合物于140℃在高压釜内搅拌4小时。将混合物真空浓缩,将产物在硅胶60上色谱纯化,用乙酸乙酯/甲苯洗脱,得到9.1g(95%)固体,mp.130-132℃。
b)2-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基氧基)-6-(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)苯甲酸苄酯
将1.36g溶于50ml二甲基甲酰胺的苄醇用380mg氢化钠(在液体石蜡中,浓度为80%)处理,然后将混合物于室温搅拌1小时,加入3.0g 2,2-二甲基-5-(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮。将混合物于室温搅拌3小时,最后加入2.65g 4,6-二甲氧基-2-甲磺酰嘧啶。将混合物于室温搅拌2小时。于80℃搅拌1.5小时,并于115℃搅拌3小时,倒入含磷酸的冰水中并用乙酸乙酯提取。将提取物用水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥并真空浓缩。将粗产物在硅胶60上色谱纯化,用环己烷/甲苯/乙酸乙酯洗脱。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ=3.80(s);3.89(s);5.02(s);5.72(s);6.67(d);6.9-7.7(m)。
实施例3
a)2,2-二甲基-5-苯基-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮
将0.23g(0.2mmol)四重三苯膦钯在氮气条件下加至2,2-二甲基-5-三氟甲磺酰氧基-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮(2.93g,9mmol)的二甲基甲酰胺(50ml)溶液中。将混合物搅拌几分钟,然后加入2.97g(14mol)磷酸钾和2.04g(9.9mmol)苯基硼酸二异丙酯。将混合物加热至100℃直至转化完全(约16小时)。冷却后,将反应溶液倒入250ml水和6g正磷酸的混合物中,并用甲基叔丁基醚提取3次。将合并的有机相用水和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。将2.6g深暗油状残留物在硅胶上色谱纯化,用甲苯/丙酮洗脱,得到1.3g(57%)无色固体,m.p.158-163℃(用己烷重结晶)。
b)
a)项下所述的化合物同样还可以用1.21g(9mmol)苯基硼酸代替上面所用的硼酸酯来制备。产量:1.7g(74%)。物理数据及纯化方法与a)项的相同。
实施例4
2,2-二甲基-5-(3,4-(亚乙二氧基)-1-苯基)-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮
将0.35g(0.3mmol)四重三苯膦钯在氮气条件下加至2,2-二甲基-5-三氟甲磺酰氧基-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮(4.24g,13.6mmol)的二甲基甲酰胺(50ml)溶液中。将混合物搅拌几分钟,然后加入4.24g(20mol)磷酸钾和2.70g(15mmol)3,4-(亚乙二氧基)-1-苯基硼酸。将混合物加热至100℃直至转化完全(约16小时)。冷却后,将反应溶液倒入250ml水和8g正磷酸的混合物中,并用甲基叔丁基醚提取3次。将合并的有机相用水和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。将7.6g深暗油状残留物在硅胶上色谱纯化,用甲苯/丙酮洗脱。得到无色油状物,NMR见表1第1.040号。
实施例5
2,2-二甲基-5-(3-甲基-3-丁烯-1-炔基)-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮
将0.64g(0.92mmol)二氯化二重三苯膦钯、4.4ml(46mmol)3-甲基-3-丁烯-1-炔和24ml三乙胺在氮气条件下加至2,2-二甲基-5-三氟甲磺酰氧基-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮(15.0g,46mmol)的二甲基甲酰胺(150ml)溶液中。将混合物于115℃加热0.5小时,然后用1小时在该温度再加6.6ml 3-甲基-3-丁烯-1-炔,随后将反应溶液搅拌15分钟。冷却后,将其倒入500ml含磷酸的0℃的水(pH3)中,并用甲基叔丁基醚提取。将合并的有机相用水和饱和氯化钠溶液充分洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。将14g深暗油状残留物在硅胶上色谱纯化,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到7.0g无色晶体,m.p.60℃(参见表1第1.009号)。
实施例6
2,2-二甲基-5-(3-甲基异噁唑-5-基)-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮
首先通过用元素氯将乙醛肟氯化来制备含量约为0.18mol的1-氯-1-(N-肟基)乙烷的甲基叔丁基醚(210ml)溶液。
将53ml上述1-氯-1-(N-肟基)乙烷溶液和6.3ml三乙胺于0℃搅拌下加至2,2-二甲基-5-乙炔基-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮(8.0g)的甲基叔丁基醚(400ml)溶液中并将混合物升至室温,随后搅拌过夜。再加入53ml上述的1-氯-1-(N-肟基)乙烷溶液和6.3ml三乙胺,并将反应溶液于室温搅拌24小时。然后将其倒入含磷酸的0℃的水(pH4)中,并用甲基叔丁基醚提取。将合并的有机相用水充分洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,得到8.8g残留的粗产物。将其在硅胶上色谱纯化,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到4.1g无色晶体,m.p.74℃(参见表1第1.020号)。
实施例7
a)5-氯-2,2-二甲基-4H-[3,1]苯并氧硫杂环己二烯-4-酮
将20g(106mmol)2-氯-6-巯基苯甲酸、26ml(212mmol)2,2-二甲氧基丙烷和2g Amberlyst 15(强酸性离子交换树脂)在1l甲苯中回流3小时。然后用2小时蒸馏出100ml,再加入10ml 2,2-二甲氧基丙烷,继续沸腾短时,将混合物于室温搅拌过夜,过滤并真空浓缩。产量:22.4g(92%)油状物,1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ=1.82(s);7.18-7.40(m)。
b)5-氯-2-苯基-4H-[3,1]苯并氧硫杂环己二烯-4-酮
可以用苯甲醛缩二甲醇按类似于实施例7a的方法来制备(m.p.97-103℃)。
实施例8
2,2-二甲基-5-(吡啶-2-基)-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮
将6.0g(18.4mmol)2,2-二甲基-5-三氟甲磺酰氧基-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮、7.0g(19.0mmol)2-三丁基甲锡烷基吡啶、2.3g(55.2mmol)氯化锂和420mg(0.36mmol)四重三苯膦钯°溶于60ml二噁烷和90ml二甲基甲酰胺中,并将混合物回流1.5小时(反应温度约120℃)。将其搅拌入1.410℃的水中并用甲基叔丁基醚提取。将提取物用水和氯化钠溶液洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥并真空浓缩。将残留物溶于60ml乙酸乙酯中,加入8g氟化钾,将混合物搅拌过夜。将固体滤出,随后用大量乙酸乙酯洗涤,并将滤液真空浓缩。将粗产物在硅胶60上用己烷/乙酸乙酯色谱纯化。产量:2.39g(51%)。熔点:142℃。
实施例9
2-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基氧基)-6-乙炔基苯甲酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯
将2.0g2,2,2-三氟乙醇加至80ml二甲基甲酰胺中,并于室温加入0.60g浓度为80%的氢化钠。1小时后,形成透明溶液,于室温加入5.0g 2,2-二甲基-5-三甲基甲硅烷基乙炔基-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮。20分钟后,加入4.0g4,6-二甲氧基-2-甲磺酰基嘧啶,并将反应溶液于室温搅拌过夜。然后将其倒入400ml含磷酸的0℃的水(pH3)中,并用甲基叔丁基醚提取。将合并的有机相用水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥并浓缩,残留6.4g粗产物。将其在硅胶上色谱纯化,用正己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到无色油状物(1.2g)。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ=3.33(s);3.83(s);4.55(q);5.80(s);7.25-7.50(m)。
实施例10
2,2-二甲基-5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮
a)2,2-二甲基-5-(1-氧代吡啶-4-基)-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮
将300mg2,2-二甲基-5-(吡啶-4-基)-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮加至20ml二氯甲烷中。于室温加入260mg3-氯过苯甲酸并将反应混合物搅拌过夜。将其在硅胶60上直接进行色谱处理,用二氯甲烷/甲醇洗脱,产量:200mg。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ=1.80(s);6.95(d);7.07(d);7.25(d);7.60(t);8.25(d)。
(b)2,2-二甲基-5-(2-氯吡啶-4-基)-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮
将850mg2,2-二甲基-5-(1-氧代吡啶-4-基)-4H-(1,3)苯并二噁英-4-酮加至20ml POCl3中,并将混合物于105℃搅拌4小时。真空除去挥发性成分,将残留物倒入50ml冰水和30ml甲基叔丁基醚的混合物中。将混合物用碳酸氢钠溶液调至pH7.5,并用甲基叔丁基醚提取。将提取物用氯化钠溶液洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥并真空浓缩。
产量:490mg。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ=1.80(s);6.95(d);7.07(d);7.16(d);7.27(s);7.59(t);8.40(d).
表1中所示的化合物Ⅰ可以例如按类似于各情况所示的合成实施例来制备。
表1
δ(C):1H-NMR(CDCl3,[ppm])
δ(D):1H-NMR([D6]-二甲亚砜,[ppm])
表2
δ(C):1H-NMR(CDCl3,[ppm])
δ(D):1H-NMR([D6]-二甲亚砜,[ppm])
化合物Ⅰ或含它们及其环境可耐受的盐例如碱金属盐、碱土金属盐或氨及胺的盐的除莠组合物或含它们的除莠组合物能够非常有效地防治作物中的阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草(grass weeds),而对作物植物无明显的损害;所述作物包括例如小麦、水稻、玉米、大豆和棉花。尤其是该效果在低施用率时即产生。
考虑到各种施用方法,还可将化合物Ⅰ或含它们的组合物用于更大范围的作物植物以除去不期望的植物,例如下列作物是合适的:洋葱(Allium cepa),凤梨(Anans comosus),花生(Arachis hypogaea),Asparagus officinalis,甜菜(Beta vulgaris spp.altissima,Beta vulgaris spp.rapa),蔓菁(Brassica napusvar.napus),芜菁甘蓝(Brassica napus var.napobrassica),Brassica rapa var.silvestris,茶(Camellia sinensis),红花(Carthamus tinctorius),美国山核桃(Carya illinoinensis),柠檬(Citrus limon),甜橙(Citrus sinensis),小果咖啡(Coffea arabica)[中果咖啡(Coffea canephora),大果咖啡(Coffea liberica)],黄瓜(Cucumis sativus),绊根草(Cynodon dactylon),胡萝卜(Daucus carota),油棕(Elaeis guineensis),欧洲草莓(Fragaria vesca),大豆(Glycine max),陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutus)[树棉(Gossypium arboreum),草棉(Gossypium herbaceum),Gossypium vitifolium],向日葵(Helianthus annus),橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis),大麦(Hordeum vulgare),啤酒花(Humulus lupulus),甘薯(Ipomoeabatatas),胡桃(Juglans regia),兵豆(Lens culinaris),亚麻(Linum usitatissimum),Lycopersicon lycopersicum,苹果属(Malus spp.),木薯(Manihot esculenta),紫苜蓿(Medicago sativa),芭蕉属(Musa spp.),烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)[黄花烟草(N.rustica)],欧橄榄(Olea europaea),稻(Oryza sativa),金甲豆(Phaseolus lunatus),菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris),欧洲云杉(Picea abies),松属(Pinus spp.),豌豆(Pisum sativum),甜樱桃树(Prunus avium),桃(Prunus persica),西洋梨(Pyrus communis),Ribes sylvestre,蓖麻(Ricinus communis),甘蔗属热带种(Saccharum officinarum),黑麦(Secale cereale),马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum),Sorghum bicolor[高梁(S.vulgare)],可可(Theobroma cacao),红车轴草(Trifolium pratense),小麦(Triticum aestivum),Triticum durum,蚕豆(Vica faba),葡萄(Vitis vinifera),玉米(Zeamays)。
此外,还可通过育种和/或采用遗传工程方法将化合物Ⅰ用于对Ⅰ或其它除莠剂基本上已产生抗性的作物。
所述除莠组合物或活性化合物的施用可在出苗前或出苗后进行。若所述活性化合物对某些作物植物的耐受性较差,则可以采用这样的施用技术:借助喷雾设备喷洒该除莠组合物,若有可能应使该敏感作物植物的叶子不受影响,而使该活性化合物触及在其下面生长的不期望的植物的叶子或未覆盖的土壤表面(post-directed,lay-by)。
化合物Ⅰ或含它们的除莠组合物可以例如以下列形式通过喷雾、雾化、喷粉、撒播或洒水来施用:可直接喷撒的水溶液、粉剂、悬浮液,或者高浓度的水性、油性或其它性质的悬浮液或分散体、乳剂、油分散体、糊剂、喷粉组合物、撒播组合物或颗粒剂。施用形式取决于预计的用法,若有可能,无论在何种情况下,施用方式均应确保本发明活性化合物被最细致地分散。
适于制备可直接喷撒的溶液、乳剂、糊剂或油性分散体的惰性助剂主要是:中至高沸点的矿物油馏分,如煤油或柴油,还有煤焦油和植物或动物来源的油,脂族、环及芳族烃类,例如石蜡,四氢化萘,烷基化萘或其衍生物,烷基化苯及其衍生物,醇类,例如甲醇,乙醇,丙醇,丁醇和环己醇,酮类,例如环己酮,或强极性溶剂,例如胺,如N-甲基吡咯烷酮,或水。
水性施用形式可以由浓乳剂、悬浮液、糊剂、可湿性粉剂或水可分散性颗粒剂通过加水来制备。为制备乳剂、糊剂或油分散体,可将被用物本身或溶于油或溶剂中的被用物借助润湿剂、粘合剂、分散剂或乳化剂均化。但也可以制备包括活性物质、润湿剂、粘合剂、分散剂和可能的溶剂或油的浓缩物,它们适于用水稀释。
适宜的表面活性物质是下述酸的碱金属、碱土金属或铵盐:芳族磺酸例如木素磺酸、苯酚磺酸、萘磺酸和二丁基萘磺酸以及脂肪酸,烷基-和烷基芳基磺酸盐,烷基-、月桂基醚和脂肪醇硫酸酯,还有硫酸化的己-、庚-和十八醇以及脂族二醇醚的盐,磺酸化萘及其衍生物与甲醛的缩合产物,萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合产物,聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚,乙氧基化的异辛基、辛基或壬基苯酚,烷基苯酚或三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚,烷基芳基聚醚醇类,异十三醇,脂肪醇-环氧乙烷缩合物,乙氧基化蓖麻油,聚氧乙烯或聚氧丙烯烷基醚类,月桂醇聚乙二醇醚乙酸酯,山梨醇酯类,木素-亚硫酸盐废液或甲基纤维素。
粉剂、撒播和喷粉组合物可以通过将所述活性物质与固体载体混合或一同研磨来制备。
颗粒剂,例如包衣的、浸渍的和均质的颗粒剂可以通过将所述活性物质束缚在固体载体上来制备。固体载体是矿质土,例如硅胶,硅酸,硅酸盐,滑石,高岭土,石灰石,石灰,白垩,细粘土,黄土,粘土,白云石,硅藻土,硫酸钙和硫酸镁,氧化镁,磨碎的合成材料,肥料,例如硫酸铵,磷酸铵,硝酸铵,尿素和植物产品,例如谷粉,树皮粉,木材粉和坚果壳粉,纤维素粉或其它固体载体。
所述制剂一般含0.01至95%(重量)、优选0.5至90%(重量)的活性化合物。用在这里的活性化合物的纯度为90至100%,优选95至100%(根据NMR谱)。按照本发明的化合物Ⅰ可以例如按下述配剂:
Ⅰ.将20重量份化合物Ⅰ溶于由下列物质组成的混合物中:80重量份烷基化苯,10重量份8-10mol环氧乙烷与1mol油酸N-一乙醇酰胺的加成产物,5重量份十二烷基苯磺酸的钙盐和5重量份40ml环氧乙烷与1mol蓖麻油的加成产物。通过将该溶液倒入并细致地分散在100000重量份水中而获得水性分散体,它含0.02%(重量)的所述活性化合物。
Ⅱ.将20重量份化合物Ⅰ溶于由下列物质组成的混合物中:40重量份环己酮,30重量份异丁醇,20重量份7mol环氧乙烷与1mol异辛基苯酚的加成产物和10重量份40mol环氧乙烷与1mol蓖麻油的加成产物。通过将该溶液倒入并细致地分散在100000重量份水中而获得水性分散体,它含0.02%(重量)的所述活性化合物。
Ⅲ.将20重量份化合物Ⅰ溶于由下列物质组成的混合物中:25重量份环己酮,65重量份沸点为210-280℃的矿物油馏分和10重量份40mol环氧乙烷与1mol蓖麻油的加成产物。通过将该溶液倒入并细致地分散在100000重量份水中而获得水性分散体,它含0.02%(重量)所述活性化合物。
Ⅳ.将20重量份活性化合物Ⅰ与3重量份二异丁基萘-α-磺酸的钠盐、17重量份得自亚硫酸盐废液的木素磺酸的钠盐和60重量份粉末状硅胶充分混合,并将该混合物在锤磨机中研磨。通过将该混合物细致地分散在20000重量份水中而获得含0.1%(重量)所述活性化合物的喷雾混合物。
Ⅴ.将3重量份活性化合物Ⅰ与97重量份磨细的高岭土混合。这样便得到含3%(重量)所述活性化合物的喷粉组合物。
Ⅵ.将20重量份活性化合物Ⅰ与下列物质紧密混合:2重量份十二烷基苯磺酸的钙盐、8重量份脂肪醇聚乙二醇醚、2重量份苯酚/尿素/甲醛缩合物的钠盐和68重量份石蜡族矿物油,获得稳定的油性分散体。
为拓宽环状缩酮Ⅰ的作用谱和获得协同作用,可将其与为数众多的典型的其它除莠或调节生长的活性化合物混合,一起施用。例如适宜的混合物的组分是二嗪类,4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪衍生物,苯并噻二嗪酮类,2,6-二硝基苯胺类,N-苯基氨基甲酸酯类,硫代氨基甲酸酯类,卤代羧酸类,三嗪类,酰胺类,脲类,二苯基醚类,三嗪酮类,尿嘧啶类,苯并呋喃衍生物,2位带有例如羧基或亚氨基甲酰基(carbimino)的环己烷-1,3-二酮衍生物,喹啉羧酰衍生物,咪唑啉酮类,磺胺类,磺酰脲类,芳氧基-或杂芳氧基苯氧基丙酸及其盐类、酯类和酰胺类等。
此外,将化合物Ⅰ本身单独使用或与还混有其它作物保护剂例如防治害虫或者植物病原性真菌或细菌的药物的其它除莠剂一起合用均是有效的。与无机盐溶液的混溶性也是有意义的,这能用于消除营养和微量元素缺乏。还可以添加非植物毒性的油或油浓缩物。
根据防治目标、时令、目标植物和生长阶段,活性化合物的施用率为0.001-3.0kg/公顷的活性物质(a.s.)。
应用实例
通过温室试验可以表明式Ⅰ环状缩醛的除莠作用:
所用的栽培容器是装有含约3.0%腐殖质的壤砂土作培养基的塑料花盆。将试验植物的种子依品种分开播种。
在出苗前处理的情况下,在播种后,将悬浮在水中或乳化的所述活性化合物借助细分散喷嘴直接施用。向该容器中浇少量水以促进发芽和生长,然后将其用透明塑料罩覆盖直至植物生根。若所述活性化合物无不利影响,该覆盖可使试验植物一致发芽。
为出苗后处理,根据生长形式,首先让试验植物长至3-15cm的高度,然后仅用悬浮在水中或被乳化的活性化合物处理。为此,或者将试验植物直接播种在容器中并使其在同一容器中生长,或者将它们先按种子植物分开栽培,然后在处理前几天将其移植到试验容器内。对出苗后处理的施用率为3.0kg/公顷的活性成分。
将所述植物以种特异的方式(speices-specific manner)保存于10-25℃或20-35℃。试验时间持续2至4周。在该期间,照料这些植物,并评定它们对各处理的反应。
评定以0-100为尺度来进行。这里的100是指植物未出苗或至少地上部分被完全损害,0指无损害或正常生长。
Claims (6)
1、式Ⅰ环状缩醛:
式中取代基的定义如下:
R1和R2是氢,各自可带有1至5个卤原子和/或1至2个C1-4烷氧基的C1-4烷基,可带有1至5个卤原子和/或1至2个下列基团的苯基:
C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷基或硝基,此外,R1和R2可一同构成C2-6亚烷基链,该链可被1至5个卤原子和/或C1-4烷基取代;
Y是氧或硫;
A是基团A1至A6,
A1是羟基,
A2是卤原子、C1-4卤代烷基磺酰氧基、C1-4烷基磺酰氧基或氟磺酰氧基,
A3是氰基、硝基或甲酰基,
A4是苯环或环上具有不超过4个氮、硫和氧杂原子的5或6元饱和或不饱和杂环,它们均可被不超过5个基团R31至R35取代,可被不超过5个基团R31至R35取代的萘基或者环上具有1至3个氮、硫和氧杂原子的苯并稠合的5或6元芳杂环,
A5是C2-6链烯基、C3-8环烯基、C5-8环二烯基或C2-6炔基,它们均可带有不超过7个取代基R31至R37,
A6是C1-8烷基或C3-8环烷基,它们均可带有至多7个取代基R31至R37,R31、R32、R33、R34、R35、R36和R37是:
a)可带有1至3个C1-4烷基的C3-8环烷基,
b)可带有1至5个卤原子和/或下列基团之一的C1-8烷基:C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基、C1-4烷硫基、氰基、C3-8环烷基或二-C1-4烷基氨基,
c)各自可带有1至5个卤原子和/或下列基团之一的C1-8烷氧基或C3-8环烷氧基:C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基、C1-4烷硫基、C3-8环烷基或二-C1-4烷基氨基,
d)可带有1至5个卤原子和/或下列基团之一的C1-4烷硫基:C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基、C1-4烷硫基、C3-8环烷基或二-C1-4烷基氨基,
e)二-C1-4烷基氨基或二-C1-4烷基氨基氧基、C5-8环烷亚氨基氧基或C1-10烷亚氨基氧基,
f)可带有1至5个卤原子和/或下列基团之一的C2-6链烯基或C2-6炔基:C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧或C1-4烷硫基,
g)氢,
h)硝基、卤素、氧基或三-C1-4烷基甲硅烷基;但条件是:若R1和R2均是氢或若R1是氢而R2是苯基时,A不是羟基。
2、制备如权利要求1所述的式中A=A4或A5的环状缩醛的方法,它包括使式中A=A2的缩醛Ⅰ在催化活性钯化合物存在下与式X-A4或X-A5化合物反应,其中R1、R2、Y、A2、A4和A5具有权利要求1中所述的意义,以及X是氢、三烷基甲锡烷基、二羟基甲硼烷基、二烷氧基甲硼烷基或亚烷二氧基甲硼烷基。
3、制备如权利要求1所述的式中A=A4的环状缩醛的方法,它包括在式中A=A5的缩醛Ⅰ和适宜的二烯、杂二烯或1,3-偶极化合物之间进行环加成。
4、制备式Ⅳ作物保护活性化合物的方法,它包括使按照权利要求1的环状缩醛Ⅰ在惰性溶剂中与盐R50-M(式Ⅱ)反应,然后与式Ⅲ嘧啶化合物反应;所述式Ⅳ化合物如下:
式中Y和A具有权利要求1中所述的定义,其它基团具有下列意义:R50为:
a)经氮原子相连的、含2至3个氮原子的5元杂芳环基,它们可以带有1至2个卤原子和/或1至2个下列基团:C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷氧基和/或C1-4烷硫基;
b)基团-(0)m-NR6R7,式中
m是0或1,以及
R6和R7可以相同或不同,具有下列意义:
氢;
C1-8烷基,C3-6链烯基,C3-6炔基或C3-8环烷基,这些基团各自可带有1至5个卤原子和/或1至2个下列基团:C1-4烷氧基,C3-6链烯氧基,C3-6炔氧基,C1-4烷硫基,C3-6链烯硫基,C3-6炔硫基,C1-4卤代烷氧基,C1-4烷基羰基,C3-6链烯基羰基,C3-6炔基羰基,C1-4烷氧基羰基,C3-6链烯氧基羰基,C3-6炔氧基羰基,二-C1-4烷基氨基,C3-8环烷基,苯基或被下列基团单或多取代的苯基:卤素、硝基、氰基、C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基或C1-4烷硫基;
苯基,它可被下列基团一或多取代:卤素,硝基、氰基,C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷氧基或C1-4烷硫基;R6和R7一起形成关闭即成环的未取代的或取代的C4-7亚烷基链或一起形成关闭即成环并含有选自氧、硫或氮的杂原子的不饱和的或饱和的C3-6亚烷基链;
c)R50还可以是基团
式中R8是C1-4烷基,苯基,被下列基团单或多取代的苯基:卤素、硝基、氰基、C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基或C1-4烷硫基,或者是C1-4卤代烷基,C3-6链烯基或C3-6炔基,p是1,2,3或4且k为0,1或2;
d)基团OR9,其中R9是:
Ⅰ)可带有1至3个C1-4烷基的C3-8环烷基;
Ⅱ)C1-8烷基,它可带有1至5个卤原子,和/或下列基团之一:C1-4烷氧基,C1-4烷硫基,氰基,C1-4烷基羰基,C3-8环烷基,C1-4烷氧基羰基,苯基或者被以下基团单或多取代的苯基或苯氧基:卤素、硝基、氰基、C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基和/或C1-4烷硫基;
Ⅲ)C1-8烷基,可带有1至5个卤原子并带有下列基团之一:含1至3个氮原子的5元芳杂环,或含氮原子和氧原子或硫原子的5元芳杂环,所述芳杂环可以带有1至4个卤原子和/或1至2个以下基团:硝基,氰基,C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷氧基和/或C1-4烷硫基;
Ⅳ)C2-6烷基,它在2-位带有下列基团之一:C1-4烷氧基亚氨基,C3-6链烯氧基亚氨基,C3-6卤代链烯氧基亚氨基或苄氧基亚氨基;
Ⅴ)C3-6链烯基或C3-6炔基,这些基团还可以带有1至5个卤原子;
Ⅵ)可带有1至5个卤原子和/或1至3个下列基团的苯基:硝基,氰基,C1-4烷基;C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷氧基和/或C1-4烷硫基;
Ⅶ)含1至3个氮原子、通过氮原子相连的5元芳杂环,它可带有1至2个卤原子和/或1至2个下列基团:硝基,氰基,C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷氧基和/或C1-4烷硫基;
Ⅷ)R9又可以是基团-N=CR10R11,式中R10和R11可以相同或不同,是:
C1-12烷基,C3-6链烯基,C3-6炔基,C3-8环烷基,这些基团可带有C1-4烷氧基,C1-4烷硫基和/或苯基;
苯基,它可被1个或多个下列基团取代:卤素,硝基,氰基,C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷氧基或C1-4烷硫基;或者R10和R11一起形成C3-12亚烷基链,它可带有1至3个C1-4烷基;
e)或R50形成基团-NH-SO2-R12,其中R12是:
C1-4烷基,C3-6链烯基,C3-6炔基或C3-8环烷基,这些基团可以带有C1-4烷氧基或C1-4烷硫基和/或苯基;可被下列基团一或多取代的苯基:卤素、硝基、氰基、C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C1-4烷氧基、C1-4卤代烷氧基或C1-4烷硫基;
所述盐R50-M(式Ⅱ)中,R50的意义同上,M是碱金属阳离子或相当的碱土金属阳离子;
所述式Ⅲ嘧啶化合物如下:
式中各基团的定义如下:
R41是卤素,烷基磺酰基或卤代烷基磺酰基;
R42是卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷氧基或C1-4烷硫基;
W是氮或CR13,其中
R13是氢,或者与R43一起形成3至4元亚烷基或亚链烯基链,其中各链的一个亚甲基被氧置换;
R43是卤素,C1-4烷基,C1-4卤代烷基,C1-4烷氧基,C1-4卤代烷氧基,C1-4烷硫基或R43与R13一起如上述形成5或6元环。
5、除莠组合物,它含有至少一种如权利要求1所述的式Ⅰ环状缩醛和常规的惰性载体。
6、防治不期望的植物生长的方法,它包括施用除莠有效量的如权利要求1所述的式Ⅰ环状缩醛,所述式Ⅰ环状缩醛包括若R1和R2均是氢时或若R1是氢而R2是苯基时A为羟基的化合物。
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DE4337322A1 (de) * | 1993-11-02 | 1995-05-04 | Basf Ag | Pyrid-N-oxid substituierte Salicylaldehyd- bzw. Salicylsäurederivate, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Herbizide |
DE4337323A1 (de) | 1993-11-02 | 1995-05-04 | Basf Ag | Substituierte Pyridylsalicylaldehyd- bzw. salicylsäurederivate, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Herbizide |
JPH09194474A (ja) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-07-29 | Fujirebio Inc | 1,3−ジオキサン−4−オン誘導体の製造方法 |
KR100738216B1 (ko) * | 2006-01-09 | 2007-07-12 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 전류 미러 |
WO2014158644A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-10-02 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Process for the preparation of triaryl rhamnose carbamates |
WO2017110863A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | 住友化学株式会社 | オキサジアゾール化合物及びその用途 |
WO2017111152A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | 住友化学株式会社 | オキサジアゾール化合物及びその用途 |
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JPH082883B2 (ja) * | 1986-06-06 | 1996-01-17 | クミアイ化学工業株式会社 | 2−フエノキシピリミジン誘導体および除草剤 |
US4752812A (en) * | 1987-01-12 | 1988-06-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Permeable-base transistor |
ES2039260T3 (es) * | 1987-02-05 | 1993-09-16 | Farmaceutici Caber S.P.A. | Derivado de 4-oxo-1,3-benzodioxano. |
US4889552A (en) * | 1987-04-14 | 1989-12-26 | Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | 2-Phenoxypyrimidine derivative and herbidical composition |
US4923501A (en) * | 1987-11-04 | 1990-05-08 | Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Pyrimidine derivatives, processes for their production, and herbicidal method and compositions |
ES2063075T3 (es) * | 1988-06-16 | 1995-01-01 | Basf Ag | Derivados del acido salicilico y sus analogos azufrados. |
DE3919435A1 (de) * | 1989-06-14 | 1990-12-20 | Basf Ag | Salicylaldehyd- und salicylsaeurederivate sowie deren schwefelanaloge, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung als herbizide und bioregulatoren |
DE4034045A1 (de) * | 1990-10-26 | 1992-04-30 | Basf Ag | Salicylsaeurederivate |
ES2085406T3 (es) * | 1990-12-14 | 1996-06-01 | Basf Ag | Derivados de salicilaldehido y del acido salicilico asi como sus analogos azufrados, procedimiento y productos intermedios para su obtencion. |
JPH0532638A (ja) * | 1991-07-31 | 1993-02-09 | Kumiai Chem Ind Co Ltd | ピリミジンまたはトリアジン誘導体及び除草剤 |
DE4126937A1 (de) * | 1991-08-10 | 1993-02-11 | Basf Ag | Salicyl(thio)etherderivate, verfahren und zwischenprodukte zu ihrer herstellung |
-
1993
- 1993-11-02 DE DE4337321A patent/DE4337321A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-10-24 DE DE59409166T patent/DE59409166D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-24 EP EP94116758A patent/EP0657441B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-28 CA CA002134626A patent/CA2134626A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-11-01 KR KR1019940028490A patent/KR950014095A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-11-01 US US08/332,083 patent/US5569640A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-11-01 JP JP6268791A patent/JPH07188219A/ja active Pending
- 1994-11-01 HU HU9403135A patent/HU216713B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-11-02 CN CN94113792A patent/CN1106399A/zh active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-07-12 US US08/679,660 patent/US5777118A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103501597A (zh) * | 2011-04-29 | 2014-01-08 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 包含农药和缩醛溶剂的组合物 |
CN103501597B (zh) * | 2011-04-29 | 2016-02-17 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 包含农药和缩醛溶剂的组合物 |
CN104370875A (zh) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-02-25 | 深圳波顿香料有限公司 | 一种乙基香兰素1,2-丙二醇缩醛的制备方法 |
CN108456531A (zh) * | 2017-02-17 | 2018-08-28 | 捷恩智株式会社 | 聚合性液晶化合物、聚合性液晶组合物及液晶聚合膜、相位差膜、偏光板及显示元件 |
CN108456531B (zh) * | 2017-02-17 | 2023-01-03 | 捷恩智株式会社 | 聚合性液晶化合物、聚合性液晶组合物及液晶聚合膜、相位差膜、偏光板及显示元件 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0657441A3 (de) | 1995-11-22 |
DE59409166D1 (de) | 2000-04-06 |
KR950014095A (ko) | 1995-06-15 |
CA2134626A1 (en) | 1995-05-03 |
JPH07188219A (ja) | 1995-07-25 |
US5777118A (en) | 1998-07-07 |
EP0657441B1 (de) | 2000-03-01 |
HU216713B (hu) | 1999-08-30 |
HU9403135D0 (en) | 1995-01-30 |
EP0657441A2 (de) | 1995-06-14 |
DE4337321A1 (de) | 1995-05-04 |
HUT69056A (en) | 1995-08-28 |
US5569640A (en) | 1996-10-29 |
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