CN110606992A - 基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110606992A CN110606992A CN201910742234.6A CN201910742234A CN110606992A CN 110606992 A CN110606992 A CN 110606992A CN 201910742234 A CN201910742234 A CN 201910742234A CN 110606992 A CN110606992 A CN 110606992A
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- foam material
- porous foam
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Classifications
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- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
- C08J3/246—Intercrosslinking of at least two polymers
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J9/0028—Use of organic additives containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
- C08J9/0071—Nanosized fillers, i.e. having at least one dimension below 100 nanometers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0095—Mixtures of at least two compounding ingredients belonging to different one-dot groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料的制备方法及其应用,其制备方法具体包括:1)、将生物质纳米材料与有机胺、交联剂、溶剂、填料混合,形成分散液;步骤2)、将分散液在低温下冷冻;在冷冻条件下,有机胺和交联剂发生交联反应,形成交联的冰凝胶;3)、将冰凝胶干燥,得到固态多孔材料。上述有机胺包括含胺类聚合物、多元胺中的一种或多种的混合。上述多孔泡沫材料导热率低、柔韧性好,可用于隔热保温、缓冲材料、污染吸附材料等的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多孔泡沫材料的制备方法,特别是一种基于生物 质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
多糖类生物质材料,如纤维素、甲壳素、淀粉等,是最常见、自 然界产量大的天然高分子材料。多糖类可再生可降解,绿色环保,日 益成为人们关注的新型材料。而多糖类的多孔泡沫材料(也可称为气 凝胶、海绵)有密度低、孔隙率高、比表面积大、生物相容性好等特 点(Soft Matter,2011,7,10360;J.Mater.Chem.,2012,22,5801; 化学进展26,no.05(2014):796-809;),可广泛用于气体吸附、 液体吸收、油水分离、染料和重金属等污染物的吸附、隔热保温、隔 音、生物材料等领域,前景非常广泛(Nature nanotechnology,10(3),277;J.Mater.Chem.,2012,22,5801;Cellulose,19(2),401-410; ACS appliedmaterials&interfaces,3(6),1813-1816; CN105566659B;CN103131039A)。
多糖类生物质材料,尤其是生物质纳米材料往往是亲水的,并且 一般分散在水中,制备多孔泡沫材料时需要将溶剂(主要是水)干燥。 一般情况下,常压加热干燥的话,由于较强的毛细管作用力,干燥过 程中孔隙往往会坍塌,从而难以得到孔隙结构完整的多孔泡沫材料。 为了克服毛细管作用力对孔隙的影响,多糖类多孔泡沫材料往往采用 冷冻干燥(CN103131039A;CN103980530B;CN105148868B; US20160266288A1)或超临界干燥(CN102417606B;CN105502346B; CN106517144A;US20160068650A1;)的方法。虽然冷冻干燥和超临界 干燥能制备性质优良的多孔泡沫材料,但这两种方法往往要求较高的 干燥条件,如低温低压或高温高压;对设备要求高、能耗高、产能受 到严重限制;从而导致生产成本很高,难以规模化生产和产业化应用。 因此,为了实现这类多孔泡沫材料的产业化应用,需要开发低成本的 干燥方法制备多孔泡沫材料。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料的制备 方法。本发明通过在低温冷冻的条件下,用冰晶作为模板,让生物质 纳米材料形成三维结构,然后通过胺类的交联固化形成交联网络,干 燥后得到孔隙率高、比表面积大的多孔泡沫材料。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种固态多孔泡沫材 料的制备方法,所述制备方法主要包括以下步骤:
步骤1)、将生物质纳米材料与有机胺、交联剂、溶剂、填料混 合,形成分散液;
步骤2)、将上述分散液在低温下冷冻;在冷冻条件下,有机胺 中的氨基和交联剂中的交联官能团发生交联反应,形成具有交联网络 的冰凝胶;
步骤3)、将上述冰凝胶解冻干燥,得到固态的多孔泡沫材料。 其中,上述生物质纳米材料包括纤维素纳米纤维(nanofibrillated cellulose,cellulose nanofibers)、纤维素纳米晶(cellulose nanocrystals、nanocrystalline cellulose)、纤维素微晶(microcrystalline cellulose)、微纤化纤维素(microfibrillated cellulose,cellulose microfibers)、细菌纳米纤维素、甲壳素纤 维、甲壳素纳米纤维、甲壳素纳米晶、淀粉纳米颗粒的一种或多种的 混合。优选为纤维素纳米纤维、微纤化纤维素;更优选为纤维素纳米 纤维。
其中,上述生物质纳米材料包括氨基或环氧基修饰的纤维素纳米 纤维(nanofibrillated cellulose,cellulose nanofibers)、纤维 素纳米晶(cellulosenanocrystals、nanocrystalline cellulose)、 纤维素微晶(microcrystallinecellulose)、微纤化纤维素 (microfibrillated cellulose,cellulose microfibers)、细菌 纳米纤维素、甲壳素纤维、甲壳素纳米纤维、甲壳素纳米晶、淀粉纳 米颗粒的一种或多种的混合。其中,氨基或环氧基修饰的生物质纳米 材料所含的氨基或环氧基参与步骤3)中所述的交联反应。
其中,上述有机胺包括含胺类聚合物、多元胺中的一种或两种的 混合。
其中,所述多元胺为五乙烯六胺、四乙烯五胺、三乙烯四胺、二 乙烯三胺、六乙烯七胺、三(2-氨基乙基)胺、三[2-(甲基氨基) 乙基]胺、2-(氨甲基)-2-甲基-1,3-丙二胺、1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷、 二元胺、氨基硅烷、氨基修饰的纳米颗粒中的一种或多种;其中,所 述二元胺优选为乙二胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、戊二胺、己二胺、哌嗪; 所述氨基硅烷优选为(3-氨丙基)三甲氧基硅烷、(3-氨丙基)三乙氧基 硅烷、N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨丙 基三乙氧基硅烷、氨基苯基三甲氧基硅烷、二乙烯三胺基丙基三甲氧 基硅烷。
其中,所述含胺类聚合物为聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯亚胺、聚丙烯亚胺、 聚酰胺-胺、聚(烯丙基胺)、壳聚糖的一种或多种。
其中,上述交联剂为能与氨基或羟基反应形成交联的化合物,包 括多元环氧化合物、多元醛、聚酰胺聚胺环氧氯丙烷、多元酸、碳二 亚胺、多元异氰酸酯中的一种或多种;其中,所述多元环氧化合物优 选为环氧氯丙烷、丙三醇三缩水甘油醚、三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚、 1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、1,6-己二醇二缩水甘油醚、二缩水甘油醚, 乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、丙二醇二缩水甘油醚、聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、 聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚、1,2,7,8-二环氧辛烷、双酚A二缩水甘油醚、 N,N,N',N'-四环氧丙基-4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷、山梨醇聚缩水甘油醚; 所述多元醛优选为乙二醛、丁二醛、戊二醛;所述碳二亚胺优选为 1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺、N,N'-二异丙基碳二亚胺。
其中,上述填料为二氧化硅纳米粒子、二氧化钛纳米粒子、纳米 四氧化三铁、羟基磷灰石颗粒、氧化锌纳米粒子、废纸浆、碳酸钙、 蒙脱土颗粒及各类粘土纳米粒子等的一种或多种。优选地,可选自二 氧化硅纳米粒子和/羟基磷灰石颗粒;更优选地,可为二氧化硅纳米 粒子。填料的加入可以调控泡沫材料的机械性能、孔隙率和阻燃效果。
其中,上述溶剂为水、乙醇、甲醇、丙酮、异丙醇、丁醇、异丁 醇、叔丁醇、2-丁醇、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃中一种或多种;优选为水 和/或乙醇;更优选为水。
按重量百分比计,上述步骤1)所述分散液中生物质纳米材料的 含量为0.5~10%;有机胺的含量为0.1%~10%,交联剂的含量为 0.1%~10%,填料的含量为0%~20%,溶剂的含量为60%~95%。生物质纳 米材料和有机胺的重量比为100:1~1:100;有机胺和交联剂的含量比 率为10:1~1:10。
上述步骤2)中所述冷冻温度为-195.79℃~0℃;优选地,所述 冷冻温度为-80℃~-5℃;更优选地,所述冷冻温度为-40℃~-10℃; 冷冻条件下,所述交联反应进行的时间为0.5~72小时;优选地,所 述反应时间为1~24小时;更优选地,所述反应时间为5~12小时。
上述步骤3)中所述常压干燥的具体操作是将冰凝胶在一定温度 下解冻,然后常压干燥或真空干燥,所述解冻温度为10~150℃,所 述干燥温度为20~150℃,干燥时间为0.1~24小时;优选地,所述 解冻温度为25~100℃,所述干燥温度为50~150℃,干燥时间为 0.1~12小时;更优选地,所述解冻温度为50~100℃,所述干燥温 度为100~120℃,干燥时间为0.1~1小时。
通过本发明方法制备的多孔泡沫材料的形状可以为块状、颗粒状、 薄膜状或纤维状中的一种或几种的混合;密度为0.01g/cm-3~ 0.6g/cm-3,孔隙率为40%~99%;优选地,密度为0.05g/cm-3~0.5g/cm-3, 孔隙率为50%~95%;更优选地,所述多孔泡沫材料的密度为 0.1g/cm-3~0.4g/cm-3,孔隙率为60%~90%。
上述基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料作为隔热保温材料、缓 冲材料与水及污染物的吸附材料的应用。
具体的,通过本发明方法制备的多孔泡沫材料具有良好的隔热效 果,导热率为0.02~0.05W/m.K,可用于隔热保温的应用。
具体的,通过本发明方法制备的多孔泡沫材料具有很好的压缩弹 性,压缩90%以上,能完全恢复原始形状,可用于缓冲材料方面的应 用。
具体的,通过本发明方法制备的多孔泡沫材料可用于吸收水、石 油等液体;还可以用于吸附污水中的重金属、农药、染料等。该多孔 泡沫材料具有优异的循环稳定性,可反复吸水、常压干燥;干燥过程 中,孔隙结构不坍塌。
本发明提供的固态多孔泡沫材料的制备方法,具体原理如下:将 反应分散液,包括生物质纳米材料、有机胺、交联剂、填料、溶剂在 低温下进行冷冻,冷冻过程中会形成冰晶,有机胺中的含胺类聚合物 和/或多元胺中的氨基能与交联剂中的环氧基、醛基、羧酸基、异氰 酸酯等基团在冰晶的边界部分在低温下发生交联反应,形成交联网络 结构;由于交联反应是在冰晶边界进行的,交联产物也被固定在冰晶 的边界部分,这样形成交联网络结构后,冰晶相当于是结构模板,解 冻、干燥后,冰晶的位置被空气取代,形成孔隙,就可以得到多孔的 泡沫结构。泡沫结构具有孔隙率大、比表面积大等优势,有很好的隔 热保温、缓冲效果、和液体/污染物吸附效果。
本方法采用冷冻的方法,用冰晶模板法来形成含有多糖物质的三 维网络的冰凝胶。在冷冻的状态下,通过有机胺类的交联反应,将三 维网络交联固化,从而提高该三维网络的机械性能,防止孔隙结构在 常压干燥或真空干燥过程中的坍塌。该方法采用常压干燥或真空干燥 的方法去除溶剂,工艺简单、设备要求低、能耗低、生产成本低;同 时,生产过程的媒介主要为水,安全环保;所制备的泡沫材料孔隙率 高,密度可调,和冷冻干燥或超临界干燥方法制备的材料类似;所制 备的泡沫材料具有很好的压缩弹性,压缩90%以上,能完全恢复原始 形状;该泡沫材料具有优异的循环稳定性,可反复吸水、常压干燥, 干燥过程中,孔隙结构不坍塌,材料保持原有形状。
由此可见,与现有的基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料的制备 方法(如冷冻干燥、超临界干燥)相比,本发明具有以下突出优点:
1)本发明制备多孔泡沫材料的工艺简单、设备要求低。
2)采用常压干燥或真空干燥的方法制备,能耗低、生产成本低。
3)生产过程的媒介主要为水,安全环保。
4)本发明制备的泡沫材料孔隙率高,密度可调。
5)该泡沫材料具有很好的压缩弹性,压缩90%以上,能完全恢 复原始形状。
6)该泡沫材料具有优异的循环稳定性,可反复吸水、常压干燥; 干燥过程中,孔隙结构不坍塌。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中一种泡沫材料宏观形状(照片)和材料微观结 构(扫描电镜图)。
具体实施方式
下文将通过实施例对本发明进行进一步的解释说明,但以下实施 例的描述仅用于更加清楚地解释发明的原理,并不表明本发明会限于 这些实施例的任一个或类似实例。
实施例1:制备纳米纤维素纤维(NFC)/聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)/聚 乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(PEGDGE)多孔泡沫材料。
将NFC、PEI、PEGDGE、水、乙醇混合搅拌均匀。混合后的分散 液中NFC的浓度为3%;PEI的浓度为0.5%;PEGDGE的浓度为2.5%、 乙醇为5%,余量为水。将混合后的分散液倒入不锈钢容器中,置于 -20℃的环境中冷冻。在-20℃静置12小时后将冰冻的凝胶在室温 下解冻,得到凝胶,然后将凝胶置于100℃的真空烘箱中干燥,得 到片状的泡沫材料。密度为0.10g/cm-3,孔隙率>90%,50℃左右导 热率为:0.029W/mK。
实施例2:制备块状甲壳素纳米纤维(CHNF)/五乙烯六胺(PEHA) /乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDGE)多孔泡沫材料。
将CHNF、PEHA、EGDGE、水混合搅拌均匀。混合后的分散液中CHNF 的浓度为1%;PEHA的浓度为0.2%;EGDGE的浓度为1%。然后将混合 后的溶液置于-20℃的环境中冷冻。静置48小时后将冰冻的凝胶在 室温下解冻,得到交联的块状凝胶,然后将凝胶置于100℃的烘箱 中干燥,到到块状的泡沫材料。该材料具有很高的吸水率,可吸自身 重量的25倍以上的水。
实施例3:制备薄膜状微纤化纤维素(MFC)/聚乙烯亚胺(PEI) /环氧氯丙烷的多孔泡沫材料。
将MFC、PEI、环氧氯丙烷、水混合搅拌均匀。混合后的分散液中MFC浓 度为1.5%,PEI浓度为1%,环氧氯丙烷浓度为3%,余量为水。将混合后的溶 液倒入不锈钢烤盘中,置于-20℃的环境中冷冻。静置12小时后将冰冻的凝胶 在室温下解冻,得到凝胶,然后将凝胶置于100℃下常压干燥,得到薄膜状的 泡沫材料,厚度为1.5mm,导热率为0.029W/mK,该薄膜有很好的柔韧性。
实施例4:制备颗粒状纤维素纳米晶(CNC)/聚乙烯亚胺(PEI) /PEGDGE/磁性四氧化三铁纳米颗粒(FeNPs)复合多孔泡沫材料。
将2克CNC、10克PEI、3克PEGDGE、0.5克FeNPs、84.5克水 混合搅拌均匀。将混合后的溶液倒入不锈钢容器中,置于-20℃的 环境中冷冻。静置12小时后将冰冻的凝胶在室温下解冻,得到交联 的凝胶;将凝胶用粉碎机粉碎成颗粒状,将凝胶颗粒置于100℃的 烘箱中干燥,得到颗粒状的磁性泡沫材料。该泡沫材料可用于阴离子 染料污染的高效吸附,并且可以循环使用,吸附效率稳定。
实施例5:制备微纤化纤维素(MFC)/聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)/乙二 醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDGE)/蒙脱土复合多孔泡沫材料。
将30克MFC水凝胶(10%浓度)、5克PEI、1.5克EGDGE、3克 蒙脱土、60.5克水混合搅拌,形成分散液。将分散液倒入不锈钢容 器中,置于-72℃的环境中取向冷冻。在-20℃的环境中静置12小 时后将冰冻的凝胶在室温下解冻,得到交联的凝胶。然后将凝胶置于 100℃的烘箱中干燥,得到片状的各向异性多孔泡沫材料。该材料 可用于隔热保温,导热率为0.03W/mK左右。该隔热材料具有阻燃效 果,离火自熄。
实施例6:制备废纸浆/四乙烯五胺(TEPA)/丙二醇二缩水甘油 醚(PGDGE)/二氧化硅纳米颗粒复合多孔泡沫材料。
将废纸张剪碎、分散在水中,高速搅拌分散,得到浓度为5%的 纸纤维分散液。将废纸浆与TEPA、PGDGE、二氧化硅纳米颗粒、水、 乙醇,搅拌均匀,形成分散液,分散液中纸纤维浓度为4%,TEPA为 1%,PGDGE为3%二氧化硅纳米颗粒为1%、乙醇为10%,余量为水。将分散液倒入不锈钢容器中,置于-20℃的环境中冷冻。静置48小时 后解冻,然后置于100℃的烘箱中干燥,得到多孔的复合纸纤维泡 沫材料,密度小于0.15g/cm-3,可以用于缓冲包装材料。
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明,而并非对本发明的限制,有关 技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下, 还可以做出各种变化和变型,因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明 的范畴,本发明的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。
Claims (9)
1.一种基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法主要包括以下步骤:
步骤1)、将生物质纳米材料与有机胺、交联剂、溶剂、填料混合,形成分散液;
步骤2)、将上述分散液在低温下冷冻;在冷冻条件下,有机胺中的氨基和交联剂中的交联官能团发生交联反应,形成具有交联网络的冰凝胶;
步骤3)、将上述冰凝胶解冻并干燥,得到固态的多孔泡沫材料;
其中,按重量百分比计,步骤1)所述分散液中生物质纳米材料的含量为0.5~10%;有机胺的含量为0.1%~10%,交联剂的含量为0.1%~10%,填料的含量为0%~20%,溶剂的含量为60%~95%;且生物质纳米材料和有机胺的重量比为100:1~1:100;有机胺和交联剂的含量比率为10:1~1:10;所述有机胺包括多元胺、含胺类聚合物中的一种或多种的混合;
步骤2)中所述冷冻温度为-195.79℃~0℃;在冷冻条件下,所述交联反应进行的时间为0.5~72小时;
步骤3)中所述干燥的具体操作是将冰凝胶在一定温度下解冻,然后使用真空干燥或常压干燥,所述解冻温度为10~150℃,所述干燥温度为20~150℃,干燥时间为0.1~24小时。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征是上述生物质纳米材料为纤维素纳米纤维、纤维素纳米晶、纤维素微晶、微纤化纤维素、细菌纳米纤维素、甲壳素纤维、甲壳素纳米纤维、甲壳素纳米晶、淀粉纳米颗粒中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征是上述生物质纳米材料为氨基或环氧基修饰的纤维素纳米纤维、纤维素纳米晶、纤维素微晶、微纤化纤维素、甲壳素纤维、甲壳素纳米纤维、甲壳素纳米晶、淀粉纳米颗粒的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征是上述多元胺为五乙烯六胺、四乙烯五胺、三乙烯四胺、二乙烯三胺、六乙烯七胺、三(2-氨基乙基)胺、三[2-(甲基氨基)乙基]胺、2-(氨甲基)-2-甲基-1,3-丙二胺、1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷、二元胺、氨基硅烷、氨基修饰的纳米颗粒中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征是上述含胺类聚合物为聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯亚胺、聚丙烯亚胺、聚酰胺-胺、聚(烯丙基胺)、壳聚糖的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征是上述交联剂为能与氨基或羟基反应形成交联的化合物,包括多元环氧化合物、多元醛、聚酰胺胺、环氧氯丙烷、多元酸、碳二亚胺、多元异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征是上述的填料为二氧化硅纳米粒子、二氧化钛纳米粒子、纳米四氧化三铁、羟基磷灰石颗粒、氧化锌纳米粒子、废纸浆、碳酸钙、蒙脱土颗粒及各类粘土纳米粒子等的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征是上述溶剂为水、乙醇、甲醇、丙酮、异丙醇、丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、2-丁醇、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃中一种或多种。
9.一种基于生物质纳米材料的多孔泡沫材料作为隔热保温材料、缓冲材料与水及污染物的吸附材料的应用。
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