CN110591071B - 曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法 - Google Patents

曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110591071B
CN110591071B CN201910915675.1A CN201910915675A CN110591071B CN 110591071 B CN110591071 B CN 110591071B CN 201910915675 A CN201910915675 A CN 201910915675A CN 110591071 B CN110591071 B CN 110591071B
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程铸洪
史宏艺
宋录武
刘忠杰
高伟伟
孙露霞
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Shandong Inov New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于硬泡聚醚多元醇制备技术领域,具体涉及一种曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法。采用双酚A制备曼尼希碱,曼尼希碱、三聚氰胺甲醛溶液、起始剂、催化剂与环氧烷烃聚合反应生成曼尼希聚醚多元醇。本发明通过曼尼希反应在双酚A苯环的侧链接上含有羟基、氨基的基团,有效提高了官能度,同时在接上侧链基团后双酚A变成液体,更加有利于下一步的聚合反应。本发明合成得到的聚醚多元醇具有一定的自催化活性,与阻燃聚酯、添加型阻燃剂相比,其保存稳定性好。

Description

曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于硬泡聚醚多元醇制备技术领域,具体涉及一种曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法。
背景技术
曼尼希反应是含有活泼氢的化合物与醛或酮和二级胺或氨缩合,生成β-氨基化合物的有机化学反应,该反应可以将多种阻燃元素结合在一起,选用得当的含活泼氢化合物作为主体结构,反应生成的曼尼希碱本身带有羟基且具有一定的自催化活性,可以进一步与环氧烷烃发生聚合反应,最终得到反应型的阻燃聚醚。这种类型的阻燃聚醚稳定性好,相比添加型阻燃剂,反应型阻燃聚醚以化学键形式存在于聚氨酯泡沫材料的交联网络中,不存在迁移问题,并且大量添加时也不会对材料的力学性能产生明显影响。
随着环保趋势发展,发泡剂的革新给硬泡用聚醚多元醇提出了新的开发方向。目前,发泡剂的变革速度日益加快,F11与141b面临淘汰,针对下游各个领域,未来只有全水和戊烷两条路,而全水聚醚存在下游组合料的黏度比较大、泡沫体易收缩、尺寸稳定性降低、泡沫塑料与基材的粘接性差等问题,应用领域具有一定的局限性,因此,全面开发可应用在戊烷体系的聚醚多元醇迫在眉睫。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法,制备的曼尼希聚醚多元醇可应用在阻燃领域,同时其具有优良的戊烷互溶性能和一定的自催化活性,保存稳定性好。
本发明所述的曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法是采用双酚A制备曼尼希碱,曼尼希碱、三聚氰胺甲醛溶液、起始剂、催化剂与环氧烷烃聚合反应生成曼尼希聚醚多元醇。
采用双酚A制备曼尼希碱是双酚A、醛、胺和溶剂反应得到曼尼希碱。
醛为甲醛或乙醛,胺为乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二甲胺或乙二胺中的一种,溶剂为极性溶剂包括甲醇、乙醇、甘油、乙二醇或水中的一种或几种。
双酚A、醛和胺的摩尔比为0.2-1:0.1-4:0.1-5。
反应温度为70-110℃,反应时间为1-4h。
三聚氰胺甲醛溶液的制备方法是三聚氰胺与甲醛溶液混合反应,即得。
三聚氰胺与甲醛的摩尔比为0.5-2:1-8,反应温度为40-120℃,反应时间为0.5-3h。
起始剂包括丙二醇、丙三醇、水、甘油、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三乙二醇、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、山梨醇或蔗糖中的一种或几种,催化剂为碱性催化剂,环氧烷烃包括环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷或环氧乙烷中的一种。
以曼尼希碱、三聚氰胺甲醛溶液、起始剂、催化剂与环氧烷烃的总质量为100%计,
Figure BDA0002216049640000021
聚合反应温度为60-140℃,聚合反应时间为2-10h。
本发明所述的曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)双酚A以一定比例与醛、胺及溶剂采用一步法在一定条件下搅拌反应一段时间,将溶剂脱除并回收,得到曼尼希碱;
(2)三聚氰胺与甲醛溶液按照一定比例混合反应一定时间,得到三聚氰胺甲醛溶液,复配一定质量的起始剂及步骤(1)合成的曼尼希碱,三者混合后脱除水分;
(3)根据产品设定的羟值,可在上述混合溶液中加入少量的催化剂,在一定条件下与环氧烷烃发生聚合反应生成曼尼希聚醚多元醇。
步骤(1)中反应过程溶剂的选择对曼尼希碱的合成过程具有至关重要的作用,不仅影响其收率,且对合成的曼尼希碱的分子结构都有一定的影响。
步骤(1)中搅拌速度为10-25r/min,其中醛类物质需要滴加、分批次加或直接全部加入。
步骤(2)中不同起始剂的加入对聚醚指标的影响也不尽相同,可以根据需求合成不同范围指标的聚醚多元醇。
步骤(3)中催化剂包括但不仅限于KOH,N,N-二甲基环己胺,双(2-二甲氨基乙基)醚,N,N,N',N'-四甲基亚烷基二胺,三乙胺,N,N-二甲基苄胺,固胺、N-乙基吗啉,NMM,N,N’-二乙基哌嗪,三乙醇胺,DMEA,吡啶,N,N’-二甲基吡啶等。
本发明通过一步法双酚A与醛、胺在一定条件下反应得到曼尼希碱;将三聚氰胺与甲醛溶液按照一定比例混合反应,与上述曼尼希碱按照一定比例混合均匀后,复配一定量的硬泡聚醚多元醇常规起始剂,以提高泡沫的柔韧性和粘度指标,与环氧烷烃进行聚合反应,最终得到不同指标的聚醚多元醇,经过此方法合成的聚醚多元醇不仅具有一定的阻燃性,同时兼具良好的戊烷互溶性。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明提供一种采用双酚A合成曼尼希聚醚多元醇的方法,通过曼尼希反应在双酚A苯环的侧链接上含有羟基、氨基的基团,有效提高了官能度,同时在接上侧链基团后双酚A变成液体,更加有利于下一步的聚合反应,本反应采用一步法合成,与分步法合成曼尼希碱相比,通过加入溶剂和少量催化剂促进反应正向进行,可以有效提高收率,同时也方便实现工业化生产;与三聚氰胺甲醛溶液复配后,提高了与环氧烷烃的反应活性,且三聚氰胺特殊的含氮杂环结构可以带来良好的阻燃性能;常规起始剂的加入,可以有效增加聚醚的柔韧性,同时起到调节聚醚指标的作用,更加适用于聚醚下游的应用,解决了由于三聚氰胺的加入导致的泡沫发脆、易收缩等问题。本发明合成得到的聚醚多元醇具有一定的自催化活性,与阻燃聚酯、添加型阻燃剂相比,其保存稳定性好。采用本发明的聚醚多元醇制备的聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有良好的阻燃效果、优良的戊烷互溶性、泡沫尺寸变化率低、强度较普通的聚醚要大。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1
(1)在装配有搅拌器、温度计、冷凝装置和氮气保护装置的三口烧瓶内,加入双酚A114g,乙醇胺200g,37%甲醛水溶液164g,乙醇溶剂50g。搅拌速度12r/min,在80℃下反应3h。
(2)溶剂通过旋转蒸发回收,可重复利用,得到双酚A曼尼希碱。
(3)另取烧瓶,称取20g三聚氰胺和78g甲醛水溶液,在70℃下反应2h,反应完毕后脱除水分。
(4)准确称量曼尼希碱100g、三聚氰胺甲醛溶液30g、三乙醇胺10g加入反应釜内,将260g环氧乙烷通过压力容器缓慢滴加至反应釜,在120℃下进行聚合反应,得曼尼希聚醚多元醇。
采用制得的曼尼希聚醚多元醇制备聚氨酯硬泡与普通硬泡聚醚4110制备聚氨酯硬泡相比,原料组成及泡沫性能结果见表1。
表1实施例1制得的聚氨酯硬泡与普通硬泡聚醚4110制得的聚氨酯硬泡的原料组成及泡沫性能结果
Figure BDA0002216049640000031
Figure BDA0002216049640000041
实施例2
(1)在装配有搅拌器、温度计、冷凝装置和氮气保护装置的三口烧瓶内,加入双酚A114g,二乙醇胺210g,37%甲醛水溶液267g,甲醇溶剂50g。搅拌速度22r/min,在105℃下反应3h。
(2)溶剂通过旋转蒸发回收,可重复利用,得到双酚A曼尼希碱。
(3)另取烧瓶,称取41g三聚氰胺和160g甲醛水溶液,在70℃下反应2h,反应完毕后脱除水分。
(4)准确称量曼尼希碱100g、三聚氰胺甲醛溶液30g、甘油86g、N,N-二甲基苄胺1.4g加入反应釜内,将430g环氧丙烷通过压力容器缓慢滴加至反应釜,在100℃下进行聚合反应,得曼尼希聚醚多元醇。
采用制得的曼尼希聚醚多元醇制备聚氨酯硬泡与普通硬泡聚醚4110制备聚氨酯硬泡相比,原料组成及泡沫性能结果见表2。
表2实施例2制得的聚氨酯硬泡与普通硬泡聚醚4110制得的聚氨酯硬泡的原料组成及泡沫性能结果
Figure BDA0002216049640000042
Figure BDA0002216049640000051
实施例3
(1)在装配有搅拌器、温度计、冷凝装置和氮气保护装置的三口烧瓶内,加入双酚A114g,40%二甲胺水溶液200g,乙醛水溶液164g,乙二醇溶剂50g。搅拌速度18r/min,在90℃下反应2h。
(2)溶剂通过旋转蒸发回收,可重复利用,得到双酚A曼尼希碱。
(3)另取烧瓶,称取30g三聚氰胺和97g甲醛水溶液,在100℃下反应1h,反应完毕后脱除水分。
(4)准确称量曼尼希碱150g、三聚氰胺甲醛溶液21g、山梨醇液50g、N,N,N',N'-四甲基亚烷基二胺1g加入反应釜内,将430g环氧乙烷通过压力容器缓慢滴加至反应釜,在120℃下进行聚合反应,得曼尼希聚醚多元醇。
采用制得的曼尼希聚醚多元醇制备聚氨酯硬泡与普通硬泡聚醚4110制备聚氨酯硬泡相比,原料组成及泡沫性能结果见表3。
表3实施例3制得的聚氨酯硬泡与普通硬泡聚醚4110制得的聚氨酯硬泡的原料组成及泡沫性能结果
Figure BDA0002216049640000052
Figure BDA0002216049640000061
对比例1
(1)在装配有搅拌器、温度计、冷凝装置和氮气保护装置的三口烧瓶内,加入双酚A114g,二乙醇胺210g,37%甲醛水溶液267g,甲醇溶剂50g。搅拌速度22r/min,在105℃下反应3h。
(2)溶剂通过旋转蒸发回收,可重复利用,得到双酚A曼尼希碱。
(3)准确称量曼尼希碱100g、三聚氰胺41g、甘油86g、N,N-二甲基苄胺1.4g加入反应釜内,将430g环氧丙烷通过压力容器缓慢滴加至反应釜,在100℃下进行聚合反应,得曼尼希聚醚多元醇,外观为白色乳状液。
常规聚醚多元醇为浅黄至棕黄色的透明均一溶液,对比例1制得的曼尼希聚醚多元醇的外观为白色乳状液,无法进行下一步使用。
对比例1中未加入甲醛溶液与三聚氰胺反应,与实施例2比较,不提前将三聚氰胺与甲醛溶液反应得到三聚氰胺甲醛溶液,而直接加入三聚氰胺的话,制得的聚醚多元醇外观为白色乳状液,无法进一步检测和使用。
对比例2
(1)在装配有搅拌器、温度计、冷凝装置和氮气保护装置的三口烧瓶内,加入双酚A114g,二乙醇胺210g,37%甲醛水溶液267g,甲醇溶剂50g。搅拌速度22r/min,在105℃下反应3h。
(2)溶剂通过旋转蒸发回收,可重复利用,得到双酚A曼尼希碱。
(3)另取烧瓶,称取41g三聚氰胺和160g甲醛水溶液,在70℃下反应2h,反应完毕后脱除水分。
(4)准确称量曼尼希碱100g、三聚氰胺甲醛溶液30g、N,N-二甲基苄胺1.4g加入反应釜内,将430g环氧丙烷通过压力容器缓慢滴加至反应釜,在100℃下进行聚合反应,得曼尼希聚醚多元醇。
制得的曼尼希聚醚多元醇的粘度/mPa·s(25℃)为10万+,已超出测试量程。
与实施例2相比,对比例2中未加入常规起始剂甘油,制得的曼尼希聚醚多元醇的粘度上升明显,对于下游应用的方便程度有很大影响,粘度较大的聚醚不利于下游组合料的配制和使用。所以本发明起始剂的加入,其目的在于调节聚醚的粘度、羟值、外观等基本指标,使得合成的聚醚多元醇在下游应用领域更加适用。

Claims (7)

1.一种曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于采用双酚A制备曼尼希碱,曼尼希碱、三聚氰胺甲醛溶液、起始剂、催化剂与环氧烷烃聚合反应生成曼尼希聚醚多元醇;
三聚氰胺甲醛溶液的制备方法是三聚氰胺与甲醛溶液混合反应,即得;
三聚氰胺与甲醛的摩尔比为0.5-2:1-8,反应温度为40-120℃,反应时间为0.5-3h;
以曼尼希碱、三聚氰胺甲醛溶液、起始剂、催化剂与环氧烷烃的总质量为100%计,
曼尼希碱 15-50%
三聚氰胺甲醛溶液 1-30%
起始剂 1-40%
催化剂 0-5%
环氧烷烃 30-70%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于采用双酚A制备曼尼希碱是双酚A、醛、胺和溶剂反应得到曼尼希碱。
3.根据权利要求2所述的曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于醛为甲醛或乙醛,胺为乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二甲胺或乙二胺中的一种,溶剂包括甲醇、乙醇、甘油、乙二醇或水中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于双酚A、醛和胺的摩尔比为0.2-1:0.1-4:0.1-5。
5.根据权利要求2所述的曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于反应温度为70-110℃,反应时间为1-4h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于起始剂包括丙二醇、丙三醇、水、甘油、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三乙二醇、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、山梨醇或蔗糖中的一种或几种,催化剂为碱性催化剂,环氧烷烃包括环氧丙烷、环氧氯丙烷或环氧乙烷中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的曼尼希聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于聚合反应温度为60-140℃,聚合反应时间为2-10h。
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