CN110518256A - 一种利用激光热解快速大量制造优质金属/碳多孔复合材料的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用激光热解快速大量制造优质金属/碳多孔复合材料的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种利用激光热解快速大量制造优质金属/碳多孔复合材料的方法。本方法所用材料低廉，涉及水溶性酚醛树脂溶液、纳米金属氧化物、二氧化碳激光器，任意平整基底。本发明利用激光热解技术制备材料快速的优点，大大节约了时间成本，并且制备方法简单可行，同时节约了工业化的人力资源。此外制备所得的材料为高纯化的金属/碳多孔复合材料，几乎不含其它杂质。激光直写具有高度的精准性，可以制备各种功能化的图案。最后由于水溶性酚醛树脂溶液的流动性，可以将其制备到任意平整基底上，这极大程度的扩大了制得的多孔复合材料应用的领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种快速大量制造优质金属/碳多孔复合材料的方法，具体涉及用高分子水溶性酚醛树脂、纳米金属氧化物、二氧化碳激光器。
背景技术
锂离子电池已经成为各种便携式电子产品的主要电源。如今面对高性能储能装置日益增长的需求，锂离子电池高速发展。尽管其已经实现了较优的能量密度和循环寿命，然而在大型的能源应用方面，如新能源汽车仍受到诸多限制。在大规模的能源应用中，需要更优的能量性能，电池性能主要取决于电极材料和电催化剂。在阴极处发生的氧还原反应(ORR)由于反应速率过慢通常会限制整个电池系统的性能。铂(Pt)是ORR的催化剂并表现出优异的性能，然而Pt的高成本和稀缺性已经促使研究者们急需开发新的可替代Pt/C的非贵金属催化剂。然而，在酸性的条件下，无Pt催化剂的ORR活性相对较低，传统的制备非贵金属与碳复合材料的方法有步骤繁琐、金属掺杂分散性较差、催化ORR反应活性低、无法工业化大规模生产等问题。
本发明中，我们利用激光热解制备材料快速的优点，结合高纯度的碳前驱体酚醛树脂与非贵金属源纳米金属氧化物，高效地合成了金属/碳多孔复合材料。由于制备的多孔复合材料有着，高的导电性、大的比表面积、高度均一的金属分散性，使其具有优异的ORR反应催化活性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种利用激光热解快速大量制造优质碳/金属多孔复合材料的方法。
本发明的技术方案：
一种利用激光热解快速大量制造优质金属/碳多孔复合材料的方法，步骤如下：
(1)水溶性酚醛树脂溶液与纳米金属氧化物搅拌混合均匀，纳米金属氧化物掺杂量占酚醛树脂溶液质量分数1％～50％；将混合后的溶液涂抹在平整的基底上；
(2)将涂有混合材料的基底于温度70～120℃条件下固化；
(3)将完全固化的材料置于二氧化碳激光器下，使用激光将其碳化，得到金属/碳多孔复合材料。
所述的纳米金属氧化物为纳米四氧化三姑、四氧化三铁、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化铜或氧化银。
所述的二氧化碳激光器选用的激光直写速度为不大于4000mm/s、激光输出功率为不大于100％、频率为1～20KHZ；刻蚀掺杂了纳米金属氧化物的酚醛树脂后，即得到高纯度的金属/碳多孔复合材料。
涂抹在基底上的物质的厚度1～500μm。
本发明的有益效果：本发明利用激光热解材料快速的优点，为工业化大量快速制备低成本的金属/碳多孔复合材料提供了一种可行性方法。一、本发明缩短了材料制备时间，节约了时间成本。二、所用材料价格低廉，制备方法简单可行。三、制备所得的多孔复合材料高度纯化，几乎不含有任何杂质，金属分散性良好，即为高纯度的金属/碳多孔复合材料，具有大的比表面积、高效的导电性、良好的ORR催化活性。四、激光直写具有高度的灵活性，可直写任意功能化图案，满足各种实际需求。五、酚醛树脂溶液涂抹亦具有高度的灵活性，可以涂抹在任意平整的基底上，无论其是柔性或是刚性，如布料、玻璃、木材、金属、高分子材料等。
附图说明
图1是柔性金属/碳多孔复合材料示意图。
图中：1二氧化碳激光器；2金属/碳多孔复合材料；3酚醛树脂。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和技术方案，进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
一种利用激光热解快速大量制造优质金属/碳多孔复合材料的方法，具体步骤如下：
实施例1
(1)称取酚醛树脂溶液4g，纳米四氧化三钴0.4g，将称取药品于烧杯中混合均匀，约10min。
(2)使用涂膜器将混合的溶液涂于平整的基底上，涂膜厚度为50μm。
(3)将涂有材料的基底于烘箱中干燥，温度80℃，时间12h。
使用二氧化碳激光机，激光直写速度300mm/s，激光功率12W，将固化后的材料碳化，得到Co/C多孔复合材料。
实施例2
(1)称取酚醛树脂溶液6g，纳米四氧化三铁0.6g，将称取药品于烧杯中混合均匀，约8min。
(2)使用涂膜器将混合的溶液涂于平整的基底上，涂膜厚度为75μm。
(3)将涂有材料的基底于烘箱中干燥，温度80℃，时间12h。
使用二氧化碳激光机，激光直写速度300mm/s，激光功率18W，将固化后的材料碳化，得到Fe/C多孔复合材料。
实施例3
(1)称取酚醛树脂溶液5g，纳米氧化铜0.25g，将称取药品于烧杯中混合均匀，约9min。
(2)使用涂膜器将混合的溶液涂于平整的基底上，涂膜厚度为25μm。
(3)将涂有材料的基底于烘箱中干燥，温度100℃，时间10h。
使用二氧化碳激光机，激光直写速度250mm/s，激光功率15W，将固化后的材料碳化，得到Cu/C多孔复合材料。
实施例4
(1)称取酚醛树脂溶液3g，纳米氧化锆0.45g，将称取药品于烧杯中混合均匀，约12min。
(2)使用涂膜器将混合的溶液涂于平整的基底上，涂膜厚度为100μm。
(3)将涂有材料的基底于烘箱中干燥，温度120℃，时间8h。
使用二氧化碳激光机，激光直写速度250mm/s，激光功率12W，将固化后的材料碳化，得到Zr/C多孔复合材料。
实施例5
(1)称取酚醛树脂溶液4g，纳米氧化钛0.8g，将称取药品于烧杯中混合均匀，约15min。
(2)使用涂膜器将混合的溶液涂于平整的基底上，涂膜厚度为30μm。
(3)将涂有材料的基底于烘箱中干燥，温度70℃，时间20h。
使用二氧化碳激光机，激光直写速度350mm/s，激光功率18W，将固化后的材料碳化，得到Ti/C多孔复合材料。
Claims (5)
1.一种利用激光热解快速大量制造优质金属/碳多孔复合材料的方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
(1)水溶性酚醛树脂溶液与纳米金属氧化物搅拌混合均匀，纳米金属氧化物掺杂量占酚醛树脂溶液质量分数1％～50％；将混合后的溶液涂抹在平整的基底上；
(2)将涂有混合材料的基底于温度70～120℃条件下固化；
(3)将完全固化的材料置于二氧化碳激光器下，使用激光将其碳化，得到金属/碳多孔复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用激光热解快速大量制造优质金属/碳多孔复合材料的方法，其特征在于，所述的纳米金属氧化物为纳米四氧化三姑、四氧化三铁、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化铜或氧化银。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的利用激光热解快速大量制造优质金属/碳多孔复合材料的方法，其特征在于，所述的二氧化碳激光器选用的激光直写速度为不大于4000mm/s、激光输出功率为不大于100％、频率为1～20KHZ。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的利用激光热解快速大量制造优质金属/碳多孔复合材料的方法，其特征在于，涂抹在基底上的物质的厚度1～500μm。
5.根据权利要求32所述的利用激光热解快速大量制造优质金属/碳多孔复合材料的方法，其特征在于，涂抹在基底上的物质的厚度1～500μm。
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| CN114570372A (zh) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-06-03 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 一种甲烷二氧化碳干重整镍基催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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| CN114573037A (zh) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-06-03 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | 一种激光辐照快速制备吸波材料的方法 |
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