CN110505844A - 用于微创缝合的设备及方法 - Google Patents

用于微创缝合的设备及方法 Download PDF

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CN110505844A
CN110505844A CN201880024645.5A CN201880024645A CN110505844A CN 110505844 A CN110505844 A CN 110505844A CN 201880024645 A CN201880024645 A CN 201880024645A CN 110505844 A CN110505844 A CN 110505844A
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J·C·米德
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Intuitive Surgical Operations Inc
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Endoevolution LLC
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    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0469Suturing instruments for use in minimally invasive surgery, e.g. endoscopic surgery
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    • A61B2017/00398Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
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    • A61B2017/00411Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like actuated by application of energy from an energy source outside the body
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Abstract

公开了一种用于微创缝合的装置和方法。一种用于微创缝合的缝合装置,其包括近段,所述近段具有近端端部、远端端部以及在它们之间的纵向轴线;缝合头部组件,其从近段的远端端部延伸;缝合针,其具有尖端和钝端,缝合针能够围绕大致垂直于近段的纵向轴线的轴线旋转,其中缝合针的尖端在缝合针旋转之前和之后定位在缝合头部组件中;以及致动器,其从近段的近端端部延伸以致动具有针驱动器的驱动机构,所述针驱动器用于接合和旋转缝合针。

Description

用于微创缝合的设备及方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求2017年2月26日提交的美国临时申请序列号62/463,724和2017年9月29日提交的美国专利申请序列号15/720,853的优先权。出于任何目的,上述专利申请的全部通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本文公开的实施例涉及一种用于缝合组织的医疗装置,更具体地涉及一种用于在微创缝合期间操纵和控制缝合针的装置、用于制造这种装置的方法以及使用这种装置用于缝合组织的方法。
背景技术
微创手术(MIS)已经使得医生能够在比传统的开放手术具有更少疼痛和残疾的情况下执行许多外科手术。传统的开放手术中,手术部位可通过大切口轻松接近,从而使得外科医生能够轻松地观察和操纵组织和器械,与传统的开放手术不同,MIS要求外科医生通过小穿孔(“锁孔手术”)或通过天然孔(包括例如阴道、食道或肛门)插入和操纵器械进行远程操作。
在MIS中,通常在身体上实施小穿孔。然后通过套管插入医疗器械。套管具有小内直径,通常为5-10毫米(mm),有时甚至高达20毫米(mm)或更大。对于任何给定的操作,可以将许多这样的套管插入体内。微创手术器械需要更小,并且通常也更长,因此更难以精确地操作。
MIS中最成问题的手术任务可能是缝合。缝合需要用双手协调操作小针和缝线以及通常用于手动缝合的几种器械(包括针驱动器和捡拾钳),这些小针和缝线很难看到(特别是当只有间接的二维视频成像时)。在空间有限、可视化有限和移动有限的环境中,许多外科医生发现手工微创缝合是一项非常困难,通常几乎不可能的手术任务。
美国专利No.7,862,572和8,821,519中的实施例减轻了上述问题中的很多问题。然而,申请人已经认识到对这种类型的装置的进一步改进可以促进其使用。本公开涉及这种改进。
发明内容
本文公开了用于对身体内部组织进行微创缝合的装置和方法。特别地,提供了一种缝合装置,其包括弧形针,其具有前端、第二端和一段缝合部;壳体,在该壳体中限定轨道,该轨道接收针并限定针穿过的路径;针驱动器,其可操作为沿圆形路径旋转针;以及针位置检测电路。针位置检测电路优选地被配置并设置成指示针的一部分何时定位在沿圆形针路径的预定位置处。
在各种实施方式中,针位置检测电路被配置为可操作地耦合到电源。如果需要,针可以配置成当针存在于预定位置时闭合电路,从而显示针的位置。例如,电流可以穿过或沿着针的一部分流动,以便闭合电路。在一些实施方式中,针可被配置成致动闭合电路的机械开关。
在其他实施方式中,当针存在于预定位置时,针可以断开电路,以便检测针的位置。例如,针可以致动断开电路的机械开关。
在一些实施方式中,针位置检测电路可被配置为电耦合至缝合装置的缝合装置防旋转弹簧、缝合装置的驱动卡爪或缝合装置的另一部分。例如,针位置检测电路被配置为电耦合到缝合装置的针轨道,该针轨道限定针穿过的路径。
在一些实施例中,针位置检测电路可被配置为当针定位于预定位置时激活指示器。指示器可包括例如至少一个发光二极管,或其他照明装置、振动装置(例如,压电元件)或发声装置。在进一步的实施方式中,电路可以可操作地耦合到计算装置或无线装置,以将针位置信息发送到计算装置,使得针位置可以指示于用户装置的屏幕、手术室显示器等上。
在一些实施方式中,所述至少一个发光二极管可位于缝合装置的手柄中或手柄上。如果需要,指示器可包括多个发光二极管。例如,多个发光二极管可以设置成弧形并且间隔开以指示缝合装置中的针位置。
除了上面讨论的优点之外,本公开实施例的缝合装置相对简单且制造成本低。因此,缝合装置应该找到包括单缝线或连续缝线的广泛缝合应用(例如,螺旋缝合、直褥式缝合、荷包缝合等),其需要闭合组织切口、附着移植物等。
通过下文描述的实施例说明了当前公开的实施例的这些和其他优点。因此,当前公开的实施例包括构造特征、元件组合和部件设置,这些将在以下详细描述中举例说明。
附图说明
参考附图将进一步解释本公开的实施例,其中在数个视图中相同的结构由相同的数字表示。所示的附图不一定按比例绘制,而是通常将重点放在说明当前公开的实施例的原理上。
图1-15是根据本公开的缝合装置的各种视图。
图16-23描述了具有针位置指示器电路的这种缝合装置的各方面。
虽然上述附图阐述了本公开的实施例,但如在讨论中所指出的,也可以考虑其他实施例。本公开通过表示而非限制的方式呈现说明性实施例。本领域技术人员可以设计出许多落入本发明公开的实施例的原理的范围和构思内的其他修改和实施例。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出了通常以150示出的缝合装置的可替代实施例。参考图1和2,缝合装置150可用于产生连续或间断的缝线或缝合,以便能够封闭患者体内的开口。缝合装置150可用于缝合任何类型的解剖腔体中的任何类型的解剖组织;因此,虽然下文中装置150描述为在内窥镜手术(诸如腹腔镜检查)中与套管一起使用,但装置150可用于开放手术并且可以与实现接近小腔体(诸如静脉和动脉)以及大腔体(诸如腹部)的导管和其他小直径及大直径管状或中空圆柱形构件一起使用。
在实施例中,缝合装置150包括通常以152示出的致动器机构,其包括细长筒154以及在细长筒154的近端端部处从下侧延伸的手柄160。位于细长筒154内的机械部件包括缆线,所述缆线从细长筒154穿过球形部分158延伸并且然后与缝合头部组件156中的驱动机构接合。球形部分158位于细长筒154的远端部分内并且以低摩擦旋转。在一个实施例中,驱动机构170包括滑轮系统以及从缝合头部组件156的远端端部延伸到细长筒154的近端端部的缆线。
缝合头部组件156容纳用于在完整的360度圆弧中驱动弯曲针220的机构。缝合头部组件156的定向为使得当针220附接到缝合头部组件156时,针220围绕大致垂直于装置150的纵向轴线的轴线以弯曲路径被驱动。以这种方式,当在圆弧中驱动针220时,针220可以被最优地可视。而且,如图1和图2所示,针220处于平行于驱动机构的平面中并且装配至缝合头部组件156中的相同空间中。
由缝合头部组件156的形状和构造提供的改进可见性使得能够在切口上精确地放置装置,并且在每次缝线之后均匀地推进缝合装置150以提供均匀且对称的缝合,从而最小化由于缝线定位得太靠近切开组织的边缘而撕裂组织和出血风险。在一个实施例中,整个装置150或装置150的一部分(诸如缝合头部组件156、细长筒154、手柄160和针220)由可消毒的医用级塑料材料构成,在这种情况下,整个装置150或装置150的一部分可以在一次使用之后丢弃并处置。在实施例中,装置150由可消毒的医用级金属材料(诸如不锈钢)构成,以使得在先前使用之后的消毒之后能够重复使用。在另一个实施例中,装置150由可消毒的医用级金属材料(诸如钛)组成,以便在先前使用之后的消毒之后重复使用。钛的使用对于某些手术是有益的,包括磁共振成像(MRI)和计算机断层扫描(CT),这是因为钛具有X射线透射性并且不干扰MRI和CT扫描。
图3提供了缝合头部组件156的组装视图。缝合头部组件156由多个部件制成,包括保持器组件190、针保持器组件188、闩锁210、以及驱动机构170的一部分(包括涉及驱动针驱动器198通过半圆形路径的多个滑轮172,174和176以及两个惰轮滑轮180)。滑轮172和174可包括一组四个滑轮或两组滑轮,标记为178。在一个实施例中,针驱动器是卡爪198。肩螺钉208和多个针组件延伸部194可用于保持闩锁210锁定在针保持器组件188和缝合针220上方的适当位置处。针保持器组件188包括针220所乘骑的弯曲轨道192。滑轮172,174和176与致动器臂202接合,该致动器臂202附接到卡爪198。卡爪198与位于针220的面上的间隔大约180度的两个凹口232相互配合,该卡爪198在圆弧中驱动弯曲针220。缝合头部组件156被配置成使得卡爪198或本领域已知的其他针驱动器不会侵入或阻塞针220的弯曲部内的区域。针220的圆弧内的区域是畅通的;在圆弧的中心处没有毂,使得装置150可以在弯曲针220的圆弧内包围最大体积的组织。以这种方式,针220可以穿过相对大的弧旋转,从而允许针220获得对组织中的足够“咬合”。优选地,针220的曲率半径为约3mm至约40mm。在一个实施例中,装置150在缝合头部组件156的直径的限度内进行缝合,这有利于在微创手术期间穿过小套管进行缝合。在一个实施例中,弯曲针220的直径不超过缝合头部组件156的直径。
图4A和4B示出了关于在装置150的使用期间驱动针220的位于缝合头部组件156中的驱动机构170的详细视图(针保持器组件188和保持器组件190已被移除以详细示出驱动机构170)。驱动机构170包括与滑轮172,174和176接合的致动器臂202以及通过弯曲路径驱动针220的卡爪198。卡爪198位于致动器臂202的远端端部并且能够接合沿着针220的面定位的凹口232。扁平弹簧200使卡爪198保持接合到针220的凹口232中。当针220被推动时,卡爪198将克服扁平弹簧200被向上推回并允许针220轮转。当手柄160关闭和打开时,卡爪198移动通过与滑轮相同的弧度。致动器臂202由用户在挤压手柄160时启动,并且能够在跨越大约190度或更大的弧度中来回摆动。
图5示出了针保持器组件188的放大视图,示出了针220所在的弯曲轨道192以及有助于将闩锁210保持在适当位置的针保持器组件延伸部194。在缝合针220旋转期间,缝合针220沿着轨道192遵循弯曲路径。用于针220的弯曲轨道192可以加工到针组件188中并提供圈限弯曲轨道192,使得针220可以被精确驱动。弯曲轨道192包括内侧狭槽以及围绕内侧狭槽的更大狭槽。更大外侧狭槽为卡爪198提供游隙,使得卡爪198可以在不撞击任何东西的情况下机动,并且更小内侧狭槽为卡爪尖端199提供游隙,该卡爪尖端199穿过更小内侧狭槽然后进入针220中使得卡爪尖端199可以驱动针220。
图6示出了视图中具有针保持器组件188、保持器组件190、闩锁210和针220的缝合头部组件156的放大视图以及卡爪198和致动器臂202之间关于针220的关系。针220被封闭在针保持器组件188内,因此针220的尖锐尖端224不会暴露。在装载时的该针220位置被称为“原始”位置。在原始位置,针220完全容纳在针保持器组件188内,以在处理缝合头部组件156期间消除针刺。针组件延伸部194与闩锁210形成“榫槽”连接,其保持来自针220的力不会打开闩锁210的薄构件。针组件延伸部194在缝合装置的远端端部处引起截留,从而将闩锁210锁定在适当位置。挤压设备手柄160使装置150完整操作一个完整循环。对手柄160的第一完整致动驱动针220通过大约190度的弧度。针220的尖端224离开针保持器组件188的保护壳,驱动穿过待缝合的组织,并重新进入装置150的针保持器组件188的保护。在对手柄160的第一挤压之后,该位置称为“旋转”位置。然后释放手柄160,并且针220保持在旋转位置,而卡爪198和致动器臂220返回到它们的起始位置。然后再次挤压手柄160,从而驱动针220通过大约190度的弧度,使针220返回原始位置。扁平卡爪弹簧200使卡爪198保持接合在针220上的卡爪凹口232中。当针220被推动时,卡爪198将克服扁平卡爪弹簧200被向上推回并允许针220轮转。
图7和8示出了缝合头部组件156的顶视图。针保持器组件188与闩锁210形成连接。闩锁210在缝合针220上方形成顶盖,该缝合针220位于针保持器组件188的弯曲轨道192中。图7示出了处于打开位置的闩锁210,其用于将针220移除并用于将针220插入保持器组件188。为了插入和/或移除针220,用户可以将针220在其弯曲轨道192中自拉出位置旋转180度。用户可以用手或用手术工具抓住针220以安装针220或移除针220。通过抓住并提起针220,针220被移除。通过抓住针220,当闩锁210处于打开位置时,可以插入针220。图8示出了处于锁定位置的闩锁210,也称为前向位置。
图9示出了缝合针220。两个凹口232在针220的面上间隔大约180度定位并且有助于驱动针220。当驱动针220圆周运动时,卡爪198接合凹口232。第三凹口234位于针220的外表面上。凹口234通过防止针220的旋转而提供防旋转特征。针220形成为具有间隙222、尖锐尖端224以及钝端部226的圆形开口环。针220还包括开口230,以容纳缝合材料或线246的前端。在一个实施例中,开口230是眼睛状的,缝合材料或线246的前端可以穿过该开口230以用于附接到针220。在所示的针220中,针220包括呈圆柱形孔形式的开口230,该开口230相对于针220轴向对齐且位于钝端部226处。开口230可以沿着弧形或针220定位在顶点228和钝端部226之间的任何位置。缝合材料或线246的前端插入开口230中并通过机械夹持或本领域已知的其他连接方法约束。为了使针220能够穿透组织至所需深度,针220的弧长优选为约240度至约300度。针220包括沿着面的两个对称凹口232(“驱动凹口”)。凹口232直接彼此相反定位。类似的凹口234位于针220的径向外边缘上(“外凹口”),其靠近更接近尖锐尖端224的内凹口232。外凹口234与防旋转弹簧接合,由此可以防止针220沿与前进方向相反的方向旋转或防止“针后退”。外凹口234在缝合装置的操作期间针的积极配合防止针220在缝合过程中偏离次序。
图10示出了与针220的驱动凹口232接合的卡爪尖端199的放大视图。驱动凹口232由驱动机构170的卡爪尖端199接合并使得针220能够在驱动机构170致动时经历旋转运动,从而使针220穿透组织并穿过组织前进。
图11和12示出了包括返回滑轮172和174的驱动机构170的一部分。滑轮172和174使用线材175彼此连接。如图4A和图4B所示,滑轮172和174由四个滑轮178组成,该四个滑轮178通过激光焊接或本领域已知的其他方法连接在一起。四个滑轮178产生大约190度的过旋转。过旋转导致其中在每组滑轮178上均存在线材175的线材175设计。如图11和图12所示,存在与四个滑轮178一起的两根线材175,从而导致四个滑轮178即使在负载下也彼此同步。四个滑轮178旋转同步,即,一个滑轮178将跟随另一个滑轮178,这是因为线材175被配置为彼此拉动。线材175可以通过线材175所焊接至的孔而附接到滑轮178。图12示出了缝合头部组件156的侧视图,其示出了将四个滑轮178连接在一起以用于同步旋转的两根线材175。
图13和14结合图15分别示出了缆线184和186至驱动滑轮176以及至返回滑轮172和174的连接和位置,以及缆线184和186在手柄160处于打开位置时的连接和位置。缆线184和186可以由不锈钢制成。连接在缝合头部组件156的近端端部处的是球形部分158,其包含驱动机构170的一部分,包括两个惰轮滑轮180以及缆线184和186。图13示出了缝合头部组件156的俯视图,其中缆线184穿过两个惰轮滑轮180延伸并缠绕在驱动滑轮176周围。图14示出了缝合头部组件156的俯视图,其中缆线186穿过两个惰轮滑轮180延伸并缠绕在返回滑轮174周围。缆线186从返回滑轮174穿过细长圆筒154延伸并且到达手柄160的极近端端部。将针220从原始位置(如图13和14所示)移动到旋转位置的力来自复位弹簧240,该复位弹簧240连接到缆线184,导致预加载(如图15所示)。当手柄160的扳机被挤压闭合时,手柄160移动到关闭位置,并且驱动滑轮176逆时针转动,从而驱动针220。同时,缆线186逆时针驱动返回滑轮174并使致动器臂202轮转以驱动针220向前穿过组织。针220以圆周运动驱动通过一个循环,并且缆线184在另一端部压缩复位弹簧240。当手柄160更进一步闭合时,致动器臂202驱动针。当手柄160的扳机被释放时,现在用复位弹簧240完全负载的前滑轮178将使针220返回到原始位置。复位弹簧240拉动缆线184,使滑轮返回到它们的起始位置,并使致动器臂202返回到与针220的第二驱动凹口接合的位置。第二压缩释放循环使针220返回到原始位置。放松手柄160的扳机不需要动力。
图15示出了缝合装置150的侧视图。手柄160包括多个内部部件,缆线连接器182具有孔和肩部。肩部乘靠复位弹簧240的端部,并且孔为缆线184提供开口。复位弹簧240被压缩并且缆线184被焊合或锁定到连接器182,使得缆线184在复位弹簧240上提供预加载。缆线184从连接器182在滑轮244上方延伸通过复位弹簧240、延伸通过细长筒154、延伸通过球形部分158、在惰轮滑轮180之间延伸并固定到驱动滑轮176。缆线186连接在手柄160的极近端端部处并且位于滑轮245下方、滑轮242上方、通过细长筒154、通过球形部分158、在惰轮滑轮180之间并固定到返回滑轮174。
当手柄160从打开位置平移到闭合位置时,针220被驱动穿过组织。当针220移动时,用户具有触感。如果针220穿过不可穿透的东西,则手柄160将停止移动并且用户可以在握住手柄的手中感觉到这一点。当手柄160处于关闭位置时,复位弹簧240承担负载,复位弹簧240长度缩短。当手柄160被释放时,复位弹簧240拉动缆线184并使针220返回到原始位置并且还使手柄160返回到打开位置。复位弹簧240在缆线184上提供负载。在整个缝合装置150上形成环,其包括缆线184和186以及滑轮172,174和176,使得缆线184在一个端部处附接到复位弹簧240并且在另一端部处附接到驱动滑轮176。缆线186附接到返回滑轮174,然后缆线186附接到手柄160的极近端端部,从而形成环。复位弹簧240可以设定为所需的弹簧刚度,使得复位弹簧240按照用户的要求执行。复位弹簧240应该具有少量预加载以确保手柄160一直打开,这实现了驱动机构170将使针220返回到原始位置。
缆线184和186延伸通过细长筒154并连接到缝合头部组件156中的驱动机构170。缆线184和186的长长度提供少量弹簧缓冲器。如果缝合装置150将受困或者在缝合头部组件156处锁卡某物,则这将不会平移。如果用户继续拉动手柄160以关闭手柄160,则缆线184和186将伸展并且不应断裂。驱动缆线184和186的两个惰轮滑轮180位于球形部分158中。如图11所示,两个惰轮滑轮180看起来彼此叠置,但是它们位于具有滑轮174和176或滑轮178的平面中(见图3)。
进一步根据本公开,提供了缝合装置的实施例,其包括具有前端、第二端部和一段缝合部的弧形针;在其中限定轨道的壳体,该轨道接收针并限定针穿过的路径;可操作为沿着圆形轨道中的圆形路径推进针的针驱动器;以及包括针位置检测电路的针位置检测器。针位置检测电路优选地被配置和设置成指示针的一部分何时定位在沿着圆形针路径的预定位置处。
出于说明而非限制的目的,图16-23描绘了如上所述或如US 9,642,613中所述的缝合装置的各个方面,该缝合装置另外具有针位置检测器,该针位置检测器又包括针位置检测电路,该针位置检测电路被配置成确定缝合针相对于缝合装置的针轨道的位置。应当理解,关于针位置检测电路的本教导适用于具有圆形针驱动器的其他装置。在一些实施例中,针可被配置成当针存在于预定位置时闭合电路,从而显示针的位置。例如,电流可以穿过针的一部分或沿着针的一部分流动,以便闭合电路。在一些实施方式中,针可被配置成致动闭合电路的机械开关。例如,缝合装置可以沿着针轨道设置有离散开关,这些离散开关可以通过针压靠它们而接合和移位。当针的压力施加到这些离散开关时,这些开关可以闭合或打开电路。在相关实施例中,当针存在于预定位置时,针可以断开电路,以便检测针的位置。例如,针可以致动断开电路的机械开关。在一些实施例中,针位置检测电路可被配置为当针位于预定位置时激活指示器。指示器可包括例如至少一个发光二极管,或其他照明装置、振动装置(例如,压电元件)或发声装置。在进一步的实施方式中,电路可以可操作地耦合到计算装置或无线装置,以将针位置信息发送到计算装置,使得针位置可以指示于用户装置的屏幕、手术室显示器等上。
在一些实施例中,至少一个发光二极管可以位于缝合装置的手柄中或手柄上。如果需要,指示器可包括多个发光二极管。例如,多个发光二极管可以布置成弧形并且间隔开以指示针在缝合装置中的位置。
参考图16,可以提供闩锁712的替代实施例以覆盖缝合装置的缝合头部内的缝合针。具体而言,如图16-19所示,提供了闩锁712并且优选地将闩锁712偏压(例如,通过弹簧)至关闭位置。虽然闩锁712可以通过推动闩锁712自身而向近端缩回,但是在手术期间,闩锁712可能不容易接近。因此,如果装置应该卡住,为了避免难以向后移动闩锁以允许针从装置中脱离,则提供拉线716,其在其远端端部处附接到闩锁712(孔口714的内部)且在其近端端部处附接到释放扳机,与图72的实施例一样。
然而,如图所示,第二孔口715也在孔口714旁设置在闩锁712中。孔口715连接到通道720,该通道720被切成至闩锁712的下侧。孔口720自孔口715的远端端部处的接合部延伸并延伸通过闩锁712的长度,终止于闩锁712的弧形端,当闩锁闭合时,闩锁712的该弧形端紧邻装置的针,从而将针保持在针轨道中的适当位置。设置在通道720内的是导体722,其包括由绝缘层726围绕的导电内部构件724,诸如电线。导电内部构件724的远侧尖端部分至少在其下侧暴露并且设置成当缝合针的一部分与电线724重合时接触弧形缝合针。在一些实施例中,接收闩锁712的保持器组件190电耦合到缝合装置的手柄760(诸如通过单独的导体或者通过缝合装置的导电部分),该手柄760又电耦合到LED和电源780,诸如电池或电容器。因此,当针接触导电内部构件724并且还接触保持器组件190时,可以导通电路,这使得LED770发光。这可以通过由金属或其他导电材料来制造部件190以及缝合装置的其他部件来促进。可替代地,第二导体或导电垫可以放置在针轨道上和/或针轨道本身可以是金属,或者设置有导电涂层。同样,第二绝缘导体可以通过导体722从缝合头部向近端途径至手柄,以允许针位置检测电路延伸到缝合装置的手柄中。可以理解,当针与导体724不接触时,电路是断开的而不是闭合的,并且没有检测到针的存在。
进一步参考图20,呈现了缝合装置的手柄760。一个或多个导体774向近端延伸到手柄中,该一个或多个导体774承载指示如本文所述的一个或多个针位置检测电路的闭合的电信号。一个或多个导体774延伸通过手柄760以通过耦合到电源780和LED来导通针位置检测电路。如果需要,该电路还可以包括本领域已知的无线发射器792,以无线地发送针位置信息。而且,如果需要,针位置检测电路的一部分,包括电池和/或无线发射器,可以设置在无菌的可移除模块790中,并且可以在使用前在手术室中附接到缝合装置。在另一个实施例中,针位置检测电路的所有部件可以整体地形成在手柄或缝合装置的其他所需部分中。
在进一步的实施例中,可以提供沿着针轨道设置在间隔位置处的多个(两个或更多个)导体。如果需要,导体可以沿针轨道每15度、30度、45度、60度或90度放置,如图21-22的实施例那样。图21示出了沿着闩锁712的弧形远侧边缘放置十一个接触垫728的实施例,其中每个垫连接到单独的绝缘导体729,该绝缘导体729穿过闩锁712的通道720返回到手柄。当缝合针沿着针轨道前进时,每个连续的接触垫728被针接触,通过导体729导通相对于每个垫728的电路。该信息可用于照亮装置手柄上的相应LED。如果需要,如图22所示,LED802可以周向布置,使得每个接触垫728沿着针轨道的周向位置对应于手柄上的显示器800上的每个LED的周向位置,从而提供关于针的位置的连续反馈。如果需要,通过提供与接触垫配准的位置处的间隙以及实际缝合装置的间隙,可以在标记中提供间隙810在针轨道中的相对位置。应当理解,当缝合装置位于患者体内并且可见度不可用时,通过电接触的位置确认可以非常有效地确认针位置。
图23是包括机器人操纵器920的手术机器人900的示意图,机器人操纵器920可以可释放地附接到缝合头部(例如,156)并且由计算机930控制,计算机930又可以设置有显示器940。缝合头部/机器人的旋转接头可以设置有线性或旋转电位计,例如以确认机器人操纵器920的各种部件的角位移。计算机930可以特别适于操作机器人操纵器,并且可以配置成在显示器940上显示所需的图像。在一些实施方式中,计算机930可以使用来自本文所述的针位置检测电路的信号来确定针在缝合头部156的针轨道中的位置。然后可以使用针位置信息在显示器940上显示针相对于针轨道的位置。在各种实施方式中,针位置检测电路被配置为可操作地耦合到电源,例如电池,如上所述。可替代地,缝合装置可设置有电源和/或数据端口(例如,794),以便于消毒以及针位置信息的发送。
在一些实施方式中,针位置检测电路可被配置为电耦合至缝合装置的缝合装置防旋转弹簧、缝合装置的驱动卡爪或缝合装置的另一部分。例如,针位置检测电路被配置为电耦合到缝合装置的针轨道,该针轨道限定针穿过的路径。还应当理解,本文所述的缝合装置的各种部件可以配置成传导低压信号以确认何时相对于针发生某些物理接触。例如,防旋转弹簧116、卡爪98或驱动销198/弹簧200可以设置有电流,当它们接触针时可以通过针导通电路。在一些实施例中,针的表面可涂覆有绝缘材料,但针的凹口的接合表面/针的尾缘可被暴露。这可用于确认,例如,何时针的驱动凹口与针驱动器接合,以及何时防旋转凹口与针接合。
本公开实施例的缝合装置可用于腹腔镜手术,包括但不限于腹腔镜结肠造口术、结肠切除术、肾上腺切除术、脾切除术、食管疝修补术、腹股沟疝修补术、腹侧疝修补术、尼森胃底折叠术、肝叶切除术、胃切除术、小肠切除术、治疗小肠梗阻、远端胰腺切除术、肾切除术和胃旁路术。本领域技术人员将认识到,本发明公开的实施例可用于其他腹腔镜手术。
在使用当前公开的实施例的装置150时,腹部充满气体以为用户创造工作空间。可以使用本领域技术人员已知的任何气体,包括但不限于氮气或二氧化碳。在适合特定外科手术的位置使用套管针建立进入端口。然后可以通过这些进入端口/套管将各种手术器械插入体内。然后用户将缝合装置150的远端端部部分引入套管中,然后使用位于手柄160顶部的远侧的铰接杆166侧向铰接缝合头部组件156。然后将缝合头部组件156相对于要缝合在一起的组织/血管定位,且用户将使用锁定杆164将缝合头部组件156锁定到适当位置。然后用户通过操纵缝合装置150将多个分离的组织片段定位到在缝合头部组件156的远端端部部分处以及在针保持器组件188的孔218内限定的开口中。用户可以仅使用一只手操纵装置150,同时致动手柄160以用连续缝合闭合切口,该连续缝合的缝线可以沿着缝合的长度精确且均匀地单独地张紧,类似于以常规方式用手进行的缝合。用户可以使用延伸切口的整个长度的单个缝合或多个缝合。因此,通过利用跨越切开的组织部段的针保持器组件孔218来放置缝合装置150并且致动手柄160,缝合装置150使得用户能够放下延伸缝线或间断缝线以按时间有效方式闭合组织切口。本领域技术人员将认识到,用于进行腹腔镜手术的任何常规程序可与装置150一起使用。
用户可以继续操纵缝合装置150,交替地推进和致动针220围绕大致平行于前进方向的轴的旋转,以产生可以延伸穿过切口的整个长度的连续缝合或一系列间断的缝线。在铺设每个单独的缝线之后,通过在缝合材料或线246上施加拉力来紧固缝线,使得所得的缝合沿着切开的组织部段的长度均匀地张紧。因此,实现了部段的紧密闭合,并且使组织的出血和撕裂最小化。一旦放置了适当量的缝合材料或线246,用户就可以使用针抓紧器来收紧和打结所形成的缝线。
本文引用的所有专利,专利申请和公开的参考文献均通过引用整体并入本文。应当理解,上述公开的和其他特征和功能中的一个或多个或其替代方案可以按需组合到许多其他不同的系统或应用中。本领域技术人员随后可以进行各种目前无法预料或未预料到的替代、修改、变化或改进,其也旨在被本公开所涵盖。

Claims (20)

1.一种缝合装置,包括:
弧形针,其具有前端、第二端部以及一段缝合部;
壳体,在壳体中限定轨道,所述轨道接收所述针并限定所述针穿过的路径;
针驱动器,其能够操作为沿圆形路径旋转所述针;以及
针位置检测电路,其中所述针位置检测电路被配置并设置成指示所述针的一部分何时定位于沿所述圆形针路径的预定位置处。
2.根据权利要求1所述的缝合装置,其中,所述针位置检测电路被配置为可操作地耦合到电源。
3.根据权利要求1所述的缝合装置,其中,当所述针存在于所述预定位置时,所述针闭合电路。
4.根据权利要求3所述的缝合装置,其中,电流穿过所述针的一部分或沿着所述针的一部分流动,以便闭合所述电路。
5.根据权利要求3所述的缝合装置,其中,所述针致动闭合所述电路的机械开关。
6.根据权利要求1所述的缝合装置,其中,当所述针存在于所述预定位置时,所述针断开电路,以用于检测所述针的位置。
7.根据权利要求6所述的缝合装置,其中,所述针致动断开所述电路的机械开关。
8.根据权利要求1所述的缝合装置,其中,所述针位置检测电路被配置为电耦合到所述缝合装置的防旋转弹簧。
9.根据权利要求1所述的缝合装置,其中,所述针位置检测电路被配置为电耦合到所述缝合装置的驱动卡爪。
10.根据权利要求1所述的缝合装置,其中,所述针位置检测电路被配置为电耦合到所述缝合装置的针轨道,所述针轨道限定所述针穿过的路径。
11.根据权利要求1所述的缝合装置,其中,所述针位置检测电路被配置为当所述针位于所述预定位置时激活指示器。
12.根据权利要求11所述的缝合装置,其中,所述指示器包括至少一个发光二极管。
13.根据权利要求12所述的缝合装置,其中,所述发光二极管位于所述缝合装置的手柄中。
14.根据权利要求12所述的缝合装置,其中,所述指示器包括多个发光二极管。
15.根据权利要求14所述的缝合装置,其中,所述多个发光二极管设置成弧形并且间隔开以指示在所述缝合装置中的针定位。
16.一种机器人手术系统,其包括可操作地耦合到计算机的机器人操纵器,所述机器人操纵器包括可操作地耦接到所述机器人操纵器的根据权利要求1的缝合装置。
17.根据权利要求16所述的系统,其中,由所述针位置检测电路检测的针位置检测数据被发送到计算机,其中所述计算机被配置成基于所述针位置检测数据确定所述针的位置。
18.根据权利要求17所述的系统,其中,所述系统被配置为在所述系统的显示器上实时显示所述针在所述缝合装置内的位置的呈现。
19.根据权利要求2所述的缝合装置,其中,所述电源包括电池。
20.根据权利要求19所述的缝合装置,其中,所述电池容纳在可移除的无菌模块中,所述可移除的无菌模块包括至少一个LED以及用于发送指示所述针的位置的数据的至少一个无线发射器。
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