CN110392579B - 小鼠近视诱导模型及用于近视预防/抑制的内质网应激抑制剂 - Google Patents
小鼠近视诱导模型及用于近视预防/抑制的内质网应激抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110392579B CN110392579B CN201880016406.5A CN201880016406A CN110392579B CN 110392579 B CN110392579 B CN 110392579B CN 201880016406 A CN201880016406 A CN 201880016406A CN 110392579 B CN110392579 B CN 110392579B
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Abstract
本发明通过使幼鼠佩戴保护装置和可与小鼠的成长相应地调节角度与宽度的凹透镜,由此制作与人的高度近视酷似的模型。另外,通过解析该模型表明,通过近视诱导会导致巩膜发生内质网应激、及内质网应激会诱导近视。进而可知,内质网应激抑制剂特别是苯丁酸、牛磺熊去氧胆酸作为近视预防/抑制剂而起作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于阐明近视的发生机制的小鼠近视诱导模型的制作方法、及抑制近视的药物。
背景技术
东亚人与欧美人相比近视比例较高,日本人口的至少约1/3,即约4000万人是近视。即便如此,有关近视的发病/加重的分子机制还没有被阐明,虽然可以通过眼镜、隐形眼镜进行矫正,但并不存在根治的治疗方法。
近视是指由于焦点落在比视网膜靠前的位置,因此无法看清楚的状态。近视大致分为以下两种:因角膜、晶状体的屈光指数过强而产生的屈光性近视;和、因作为眼球的前后方向长度的眼轴长过长而产生的轴性近视。屈光性近视是指起镜片作用的晶状体的厚度无法正确地调节,从而在视网膜的前侧聚焦的状态;轴性近视是指由于眼轴长较长,即使将晶状体调节得足够薄也还是在视网膜的前侧聚焦的状态(参照图1的轴性近视。)。大部分近视患者是轴性近视。
轴性近视变强时,即变为被称作高度近视的状态时,眼轴的伸长程度会变大。其结果,视网膜、脉络膜被向后方拉伸,因此它们的负荷增强,从而成为导致眼底各种各样异常的原因。将在眼底产生异常的状态称作病理性近视,是发达国家导致失明的主要原因之一。根据厚生劳动省的报告,在日本,病理性近视为失明病因的第4位(平成17年度厚劳省视网膜脉络视神经萎缩症调查研究小组报告书)。尽管病理性近视有导致失明的担忧,但现在并没有有效的治疗方法,治疗方法的确立备受期望。
一直以来的近视研究是将雏鸡、树鼩、豚鼠等动物诱导为近视而进行的(非专利文献1)。其中雏鸡由于有昼行性、眼较大、易于操作等优点,经常被作为近视研究的模型动物使用,使用雏鸡的近视模型从被引入开始已经过35年以上,现在依然作为主要的近视模型被使用。除雏鸡以外,树鼩、狨、豚鼠、恒河猴等各种各样的动物也被用于近视研究。然而,这些动物均不是易于进行基因操作的动物,不适合于近视的遗传因素的研究。近视的发生频度有上述的人种差异,因此与环境因素同样地,遗传因素也被认为是重大因素。然而,无法得到可以研究遗传因素的近视诱导模型动物是无法确立抑制近视的治疗方法的原因之一。
近年来,也报告有小鼠的近视模型,近视的遗传研究的进展备受期待。起初,虽然由于小鼠为夜行性而怀疑是否能够以与雏鸡相同的方式使用凹透镜对其进行近视诱导,但还是使用凹透镜成功制作了近视诱导模型(非专利文献2)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开第2015/064768号
专利文献2:日本特表2013-534902号公报
非专利文献
非专利文献1:Schaeffel,F.&Feldkaemper,M.,2015,Clin.Exp.Optom.,Vol.98,p.507-517.
非专利文献2:Tkatchenko,T.V.et al.,2010,Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci.,Vol.51,p.1297-1303.
非专利文献3:Kolb,P.S.et al.,2015,Int.J.Biochem.Cell Biol.,Vol.61,p.45-52.
非专利文献4:Chen,Y.et al.,2016,Scientific Reports,6:27486,DOI:10.1038/srep27486.
非专利文献5:Hatz,C.et al.,2013,Nature Rev.Drug Discov.Vol.12,p.703-719.
非专利文献6:Hetz,C.,2012,Nature Rev.Mol.Cell Biol.,Vol.13,p.89-102.
非专利文献7:Guillen,C.,2016,Ann.Transl.Med.Suppl.1,S45
非专利文献8:Gu,Y.,et al.,2012,Acta Pharmacol.Sinica,Vol.33,p.941-952.
非专利文献9:Liu,H.et al.,2016,Evidence-Based Comple.Alter.Med.,Vol.2016,Article ID 7831282
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
然而,现有报告中的小鼠模型的症状并未全部满足作为人的高度近视的已知症状。即,并未满足以下症状:眼轴长的伸长程度、屈光指数、巩膜变得比正常更薄,作为近视模型是不完全的。本发明的课题在于,制作具有与人的高度近视的症状酷似的近视的小鼠模型。以往的小鼠模型,如非专利文献2的模型中所记载的那样,将镜片缝合在皮肤上,并进一步通过接合剂来补强固定,因此无法容易地取下镜片。因此,难以观察伴随近视加重的经时变化。本发明的课题在于,使用小鼠近视诱导模型来解析近视加重的过程,根据所得见解探索近视的治疗药物,从而得到抑制近视的治疗药物。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明涉及以下的近视预防/抑制剂、小鼠近视诱导模型的制作方法、及通过前述制作方法制作的小鼠近视诱导模型,此外还涉及使用小鼠近视诱导模型的药物筛选方法。
(1)一种近视预防/抑制剂,其特征在于,作为有效成分含有内质网应激抑制剂。
(2)根据(1)所述的近视预防/抑制剂,其特征在于,所述内质网应激抑制剂为苯丁酸、牛磺熊去氧胆酸、Salubrinal、胍那苄、GSK2606414、GSK2656157、ISRIB、奈非那韦、Azoramide、牛蒡子苷元或它们的药理学上允许的盐。
(3)根据(1)或(2)所述的近视预防/抑制剂,其特征在于,所述内质网应激抑制剂为苯丁酸、牛磺熊去氧胆酸、或它们的药理学上允许的盐。
(4)根据(1)~(3)中任一项所述的近视预防/抑制剂,其特征在于,所述近视为轴性近视。
(5)根据(1)~(4)中任一项所述的近视预防/抑制剂,其特征在于,所述近视为病理性近视。
(6)根据(1)~(5)中任一项所述的近视预防/抑制剂,其特征在于,剂型为滴眼剂。
(7)一种小鼠近视诱导模型的制作方法,其特征在于,使幼鼠的眼前佩戴保护装置及凹透镜、并与小鼠的成长相应地利用调节机构来调节角度及宽度来进行饲养。
(8)一种近视预防/抑制药物的筛选方法,其特征在于,对下述的小鼠模型给药候选物质,该小鼠模型是通过使幼鼠的眼前佩戴保护装置及凹透镜、并与小鼠的成长相应地利用调节机构来调节角度及宽度而进行近视诱导的小鼠模型。
(9)一种小鼠近视诱导模型,其通过以下方式制作:使幼鼠的眼前佩戴保护装置及凹透镜、并与小鼠的成长相应地利用调节机构来调节角度及宽度而进行饲养。
发明的效果
制作具备与人的高度近视中出现的症状同样的症状的小鼠近视诱导模型。与其他动物相比,对小鼠进行基因操作的技术更加完善,因此能够提供可以进行近视的遗传因素研究的合适工具。另外,对该模型小鼠进行解析的结果明确了伴随近视诱导在巩膜内会发生内质网应激。进而,通过施加内质网应激来诱导近视,因此表明近视是由内质网应激诱导的。另外,由使用小鼠近视诱导模型的实验还明确了内质网应激抑制剂对近视抑制是有效的。因此,提供迄今为止都没有有效治疗方法的近视的治疗药物变为可能。
附图说明
图1示出小鼠近视诱导模型的制作方法概述的图。
图2示出小鼠近视诱导模型的屈光值、眼轴长、巩膜变化的图。
图3示出小鼠近视诱导模型的巩膜变化的电子显微镜影像。
图4示出作为内质网应激抑制剂的苯丁酸(4-PBA)钠对近视诱导的效果的图。图4的(A)为示出屈光值的图、图4的(B)为示出眼轴长的图、图4的(C)为示出佩戴镜片1周后、3周后眼轴长的变化的图。
图5示出作为内质网应激抑制剂的牛磺熊去氧胆酸对近视诱导的效果的图。
图6示出苯丁酸钠通过滴眼对近视诱导的效果的图。
图7示出解析通过内质网应激诱导剂的近视诱导的结果的图。
图8示出阻碍内质网应激传感器的信号通路的不同化合物的效果的图。图8的(A)示出屈光值的解析结果、图8的(B)示出眼轴长的解析结果。
具体实施方式
本发明人等初次明确了,进行近视诱导时在巩膜内会发生内质网应激。迄今为止,已知内质网应激会影响角膜内皮细胞,从而引起许多疾病(专利文献1)。然而,迄今为止都没有近视与内质网应激相关的、通过内质网应激来诱导近视的报告。进而,通过内质网应激抑制剂来抑制近视的加重是由本发明人等初次发现的。
另外,迄今为止以各种动物制作近视诱导模型,也有小鼠的近视诱导模型的报告(非专利文献1、2)。然而,迄今为止并没有与人的近视同等症状的、即屈光值、眼轴长、巩膜变化全部被认可的模型的报告。通过本发明人的方法成功初次制作了呈现与人同样症状的小鼠模型。由此,可以对迄今为止都未明确的近视的遗传因素进行研究,从而可以筛选进行近视的根本治疗的药物。实际上本发明人等发现:内质网应激抑制剂在小鼠模型中抑制近视的诱导。
在筛选近视预防/抑制剂的情况下,可以在任何时机进行候选化合物的给药。即,可以在近视诱导开始后立刻开始候选化合物的给药,也可以在开始近视诱导后、并确认到一定程度的轴性近视症状后开始候选化合物的给药。另外,关于给药周期、时间,可以根据候选化合物来适宜决定。
此处通过腹腔内给药、及滴眼来进行近视抑制剂的给药,但是使用任意的给药方式均可。具体而言,可以通过注射给药、应用滴眼剂、眼膏剂来给药,也可以通过经口给药进行。因此作为剂型,除注射剂外,也可以是滴眼剂、眼膏剂、或片剂、胶囊等适宜于内服药的剂型。特别是由于可以直接作用于眼部,优选滴眼剂、眼膏剂。
另外,此处使用苯丁酸(4-phenylbutyric acid、4-PBA)钠、及牛磺熊去氧胆酸(Tauroursodeoxycholic acid、TUDCA)作为内质网应激抑制剂,但除这些化合物外也可使用药理学上允许的其他盐。作为药理学上允许的盐,可举出碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、胺或碱性氨基酸的加成盐。
进而,只要是可以抑制内质网应激的药物,使用任意的药物均可。如苯丁酸钠、牛磺熊去氧胆酸、海藻糖这样的助于蛋白质高级结构的形成、稳定化的化学伴侣可减轻内质网应激。另外,通过阻碍内质网应激传感器的下游信号,也可以抑制内质网应激信号(非专利文献3-5)。但是,虽然作用机制不同,但只要是具有减轻内质网应激或抑制由内质网应激传感器产生的信号作用的化合物,均有作为近视预防/抑制剂而起作用的可能性。
通过3个应激传感器来感知内质网应激,为了不使折叠不完全的蛋白质过量地累积而向下游传达信号。作为内质网应激传感器,已知有:PERK(PKR-样内质网激酶,PKR-likeendoplasmic reticulum kinase)通路、IRE1(肌醇需求酶1,Inositol requiring 1)通路、ATF6(激活转录因子6,Activating transcription factor 6)通路这3条通路(非专利文献6)。因此,可以使用通过阻碍其中任意一条通路的信号传达而减轻内质网应激的药物。
作为像这样的药物,可举出Salubrinal、胍那苄(Guanabenz)、GSK2606414、GSK2656157、ISRIB、STF-083010、MKC-3946、丰加霉素(Toyocamycin)、奈非那韦(Nelfinavir)、舒尼替尼(Sunitinib)、4μ8C(7-羟基-4-甲基-2-氧代-2H-1-苯并哌喃-8-羧甲醛)等(非专利文献5)。其中,如实施例所示,显示涉及PERK通路、ATF6通路的药物是有效的。因此,PERK通路阻碍剂Salubrinal、胍那苄、GSK2606414、GSK2656157、ISRIB作为有效的近视抑制剂能够发挥机能。另外,专利文献2中公开了一种包含GSK2606414、GSK2656157的PERK阻碍剂。自不待言,也可以使用专利文献2中记载的阻碍剂。
另外可以认为,Azoramide(N-[2-[2-(4-氯苯基)-4-噻唑基]乙基]丁酰胺)、牛蒡子苷元(Arctigenin)在更上游阻碍内质网应激(非专利文献7、8)。因此,可以认为这些药物也作为近视抑制剂而起作用。
另外,作为抑制内质网应激的化合物,可举出植物等所包含的天然化合物黄芪苷IV(Astragaloside IV)、黄芩苷元(Baicalein)、小檗碱(Berberine)、番红花苷(Crocin)、刺嫩芽皂苷C(Elatoside C)、人参皂苷Rb1(Ginsenoside Rb1)、和厚朴酚(Honokiol)、淫羊藿苷(Icariin)、芒果苷(Mangiferin)、三七皂苷R1(Notoginsenoside R1)、紫檀芪(Pterostilbene)等(非专利文献9)。
[实施例1]小鼠近视诱导模型的制作
首先,对本发明的小鼠模型的制作方法进行说明。将给小鼠佩戴凹透镜并进行轴性近视诱导的机构于图1中示意性地示出。正视眼是指如下状态:进入眼睛的平行光线在视网膜上聚焦成影像,因此能清晰地看到影像。另一方面,轴性近视是指如下状态:由于眼轴长变长,进入眼睛的平行光线在视网膜的前侧聚焦成影像,因此无法看清楚。包含人在内,动物的眼会伴随成长而变大。给幼鼠佩戴凹透镜时,眼轴会伸长至能清晰地看到在佩戴凹透镜时影像形成的位置、即眼轴会伸长到在佩戴凹透镜时能看清的状态。其结果,眼轴伸长,从而能够制作出与轴性近视同样的眼的状态。
具体而言,通过以下的方式制作小鼠近视诱导模型。幼鼠更易于进行近视诱导,因此期望在断奶后尽早地佩戴凹透镜。此处使用3周龄的C57BL6J。以Domitor(日本全药工业株式会社)、VETLF(Meiji Seika Pharma Co.,Ltd.)、Midazolam(Sandoz K.K.)3种混合麻醉来麻醉小鼠,用剪刀使头盖骨外露。在头盖骨上竖立设置支柱1,并用牙科水门汀(Super-Bond、Sun Medical Company,Ltd,)固定。为了可以以螺母固定后述的调节器具而在支柱上设置有螺纹牙。
为了进行近视诱导,在单侧佩戴-30屈光度(diopter、D)的凹透镜2(Rainbowcontact,RAINBOW OPTICAL LABORATORY Co.,Ltd.),作为对照,在另一侧佩戴0D的镜片或仅佩戴镜架3。为了防止在给小鼠佩戴镜片时被小鼠的前腿等划伤,在镜片下部的镜架部的侧面接合有突出形状的保护装置4。利用保护装置4,小鼠无法触碰到镜片,从而不会划伤镜片。此处使用的是与镜架部接合而成一体的保护装置4,但只要能够防止小鼠的行动划伤镜片即可,无需与镜片一体化。例如,也可以是有外伤的动物佩戴的伊丽莎白圈那样形状的物质。
在镜片上方的镜架部接合有用于与小鼠的成长相应地调节佩戴的镜片的宽度、角度的调节器具5。调节器具5弯曲成“く”字形,一侧接合有镜片、另一侧设置有可以佩戴于在头部竖立设置的支柱1的长洞6。将长洞6穿过支柱1并通过使用螺母7拧紧,从而可以对小鼠双眼的周边无压迫地、与皮肤密合而固定。
通过由支柱1、螺母7、调节器具5这三者形成的调节机构来伴随小鼠的成长调节宽度、角度,从而可以将镜片调节到小鼠眼睛的位置。另外,由于镜片可拆卸,可以测量眼轴长、屈光值的经时变化。像上述的那样,在以往的模型中无法观察近视加重的经时变化,但在本近视诱导模型中由于可以简易地拆卸镜片,因此能够更为详细地对近视加重进行解析。
左眼作为对照仅佩戴镜架、右眼佩戴-30D镜片3周,测定屈光值、眼轴长、巩膜厚度并求出佩戴前后的差。屈光值通过屈光计(Infrared photorefractor for mice,Tubingen大学Schaeffel教授制作)、眼轴长通过SD-OCT(Spectral-domain OCT,光谱域光学相干断层扫描摄影,Envisu R4310,bioptigen Inc.)获取,巩膜厚度通过将HE染色的石蜡切片利用光学显微镜(BX53、奥林巴斯株式会社)获取光学图像后,通过成像软件cellSens测量。通过ANOVA、Turky HSD解析结果。
如图2所示,通过-30D镜片进行了近视诱导的眼的屈光值、眼轴长、巩膜厚度相对于对照均确认有显著性差异(图中*表示p<0.05、**表示p<0.01。以下的图中也同样。)。关于巩膜厚度,不考虑与视神经乳头的距离,观察到近视眼巩膜厚度变得比正常眼更薄。
在迄今为止的近视诱导模型报告中,并没有全部满足在人的高度近视中被报告的屈光值、眼轴长、巩膜变化的症状的模型。对此,通过本实施例制作的近视诱导模型具备人的轴性近视的全部特征,显示出其能够成为优异的模型。可以认为:这是由于本近视诱导模型可以伴随成长而对镜片的位置进行微调节,进而由于设置了保护镜片的保护装置从而不会划伤镜片,可以更显著地诱导轴性近视。
[实施例2]使用小鼠近视诱导模型的治疗药物的筛选
为了详细地研究近视诱导模型的病理状况,使用透射式电子显微镜(TEM)进行解析。从小鼠摘出佩戴3周凹透镜而诱导了轴性近视的眼球、及作为对照仅佩戴镜架的眼球,用2.5%戊二醛/生理盐水在4℃下固定1小时。去除角膜,用2.5%戊二醛/生理盐水进行一晩的后固定,用Epok812(应研商事株式会社)包埋并薄切,通过TEM(JEM-1400plus、日本电子株式会社)观察。图3的上排示出对照样本的巩膜、下排示出由佩戴-30D镜片进行近视诱导的小鼠得到的样本的巩膜。标度从左起为1.0μm、500nm、500nm。
如上排的对照的图像所示,小鼠巩膜几乎由胶原纤维与成纤维细胞形成。对照的成纤维细胞中富含线粒体、粗面内质网(上排箭头所示。)。另一方面,通过凹透镜进行了近视诱导的小鼠的巩膜中,观察到大量扩张的空泡状的ER(内质网)(下排箭头所示。),这表示发生了内质网应激。
(1)内质网应激抑制剂、苯丁酸钠的效果
电子显微镜的观察结果显示,伴随近视诱导发生了内质网应激。因此,给药内质网应激抑制剂并对于其是否抑制近视诱导进行解析。作为内质网应激抑制剂,苯丁酸钠(Cayman Chemical Company)以200mg/kg/天的用量,从佩戴镜片后第2天起至第21天止,每天进行腹腔内给药,测定第21天的屈光值、眼轴长。需要说明的是,对照组仅进行PBS给药。
图4的(A)示出屈光值的变化量。在作为对照而进行PBS给药的组中,在佩戴-30D镜片的情况下确认到显著的屈光值的变化,另一方面,在苯丁酸(4-PBA)钠给药组中,佩戴-30D镜片眼与仅佩戴镜架眼均没有屈光值的变化,表示苯丁酸钠有近视抑制效果。
将眼轴长的变化示于图4的(B)。在苯丁酸钠给药组中,将佩戴凹透镜眼与作为对照的仅佩戴镜架眼的眼轴长进行比较时,确认到有伸长差。另一方面,在PBS给药组中,佩戴凹透镜眼的眼轴长相对于苯丁酸钠给药组的佩戴凹透镜组也显著地伸长。
眼轴长伴随成长也会伸长,但以下表示苯丁酸钠并不抑制伴随成长的眼轴伸长。图4C示出佩戴镜片1周后、3周后的眼轴长的长度。相对于未佩戴镜片的对照眼、及苯丁酸钠给药组的佩戴镜片眼、非佩戴眼,PBS给药组的佩戴凹透镜眼在佩戴镜片后1周确认有显著的伸长。开始佩戴镜片3周后的眼轴长与开始佩戴镜片后1周后的眼轴长相比,所有组均有伸长。苯丁酸钠给药组与PBS给药组的仅佩戴镜架眼的眼轴长确认有同程度的伸长,这表示苯丁酸钠不会影响伴随成长而产生的正常的眼轴长的伸长。
由于苯丁酸钠被承认是用于尿素循环异常的药物,其对人体的安全性也得到确认。另外,由于如上述所示还明确了其不妨碍正常的眼轴长的伸长,其非常有希望作为抑制高度近视加重的药物。
(2)内质网应激抑制剂、牛磺熊去氧胆酸的效果
接着,对同样作为内质网应激抑制剂已知的牛磺熊去氧胆酸的效果进行解析。与实施例1同样,使用3周龄雄性C57BL6J小鼠进行解析。小鼠右眼佩戴-30D的镜片、左眼仅佩戴镜架。从佩戴镜片当天起,将100mg/kg牛磺熊去氧胆酸(Sigma-Aldrich Co.LLC)通过腹腔内给药进行1天1次的给药(n=4),对照组(n=4)进行等量的PBS腹腔内给药。测定佩戴镜片前、佩戴1周后的眼轴长/屈光值,算出其变化量。图5左示出屈光值、右示出眼轴长的变化。
在作为对照的PBS给药组中,在佩戴-30D镜片眼与仅佩戴镜架眼中确认到显著的屈光值的变化,另一方面,在牛磺熊去氧胆酸给药组中,未能确认到二者的差,从而确认牛磺熊去氧胆酸有近视抑制效果。另外,关于眼轴长的变化,对于进行了近视诱导的眼,将牛磺熊去氧胆酸给药组与PBS给药组进行比较时,也确认到显著性差异,从而明确牛磺熊去氧胆酸对眼轴长的变化也有效果。
(3)通过内质网应激抑制剂滴眼的效果
从可以期待高效率的方面和患者可以自我给药的方面出发,作为抑制近视的药物,优选像滴眼剂或眼药膏这样的可以直接对眼部进行给药的剂型。因此,与实施例1同样地制作小鼠近视诱导模型,解析通过苯丁酸钠滴眼的效果。
给3周龄雄性C57BL6J小鼠佩戴镜片,从佩戴镜片当天起,每天对双眼进行1天1次的苯丁酸钠溶液滴眼给药,该苯丁酸钠溶液为以浓度成为0.2%(n=4)或2%(n=4)方式使苯丁酸钠溶解于PBS而得到的。对照组(n=4)进行PBS滴眼给药。测定佩戴镜片前、佩戴3周后的屈光值(图6左)、眼轴长(图6右),算出其变化量。
比较佩戴镜片而进行了近视诱导的眼的屈光值、眼轴长时,确认到2%苯丁酸钠给药组相对于PBS给药组有显著性差异。因此,确认了苯丁酸钠通过滴眼给药对近视抑制也是有效的。另外,虽然0.2%苯丁酸钠给药组相对于PBS给药组未确认到有显著性差异,但是确认了其有对屈光值、眼轴长变化的抑制倾向。
[实施例3]内质网应激诱导对近视的影响
如上所示,内质网应激的抑制剂对近视诱导有抑制效果,因此可以认为内质网应激直接参与近视诱导。因此,通过给药诱导内质网应激药物对于是否可以诱导近视进行解析。对象为3周龄雄性C57BL6J小鼠(n=12)。对小鼠的右眼进行1次50μg/ml衣霉素(Tm)(Sigma-Aldrich Co.LLC)或10μM毒胡萝卜内酯(TG)(和光纯药工业株式会社)滴眼给药,对左眼进行1次PBS(Veh)滴眼给药。测定衣霉素、毒胡萝卜内酯给药前及1周后的屈光值、及眼轴长,算出其变化量(图7)。
通过给药作为内质网应激诱导剂而已知的衣霉素、毒胡萝卜内酯的任意药剂,相对于PBS给药眼,均确认到屈光值、眼轴长的显著性差异,从而诱导近视。即,这表示内质网应激直接地诱导近视。
[实施例4]内质网应激通路阻碍剂对近视诱导的效果
如上所述,已知在内质网应激的下游有IRE1通路、PERK通路、ATF6通路这3条通路。对使用这3条内质网应激通路的阻碍剂是否具有抑制近视诱导的效果进行解析。
使用STF-083010(STF)作为IRE1通路的阻碍剂、GSK265615(GSK)作为PERK通路的阻碍剂、奈非那韦(NFV)作为ATF6通路的阻碍剂。对小鼠近视诱导模型给药这些药物,对是否抑制近视诱导进行解析。
与实施例1同样,给3周龄雄性C57BL6J小鼠的右眼佩戴-30D的镜片、左眼仅佩戴镜架。从佩戴镜片当天起,每天对双眼进行1天1次的以PBS溶解的60μM STF-083010(Sigma-Aldrich Co.LLC)(n=3)或50μM GSK2656157(Cayman Chemical Company)(n=3)或50μM奈非那韦(东京化成工业株式会社)(n=3)的滴眼给药。对照组(n=3)进行以PBS溶解的0.1%DMSO(Sigma-Aldrich Co.LLC)的滴眼给药。测定佩戴镜片前、佩戴1周后的屈光值、眼轴长,算出其变化量(图8)。在图8中,于左侧示出佩戴镜片前后的屈光值(图8的(A))、及眼轴长(图8的(B))的差(变化量),进而为了比较各个个体中变化量的差,求出佩戴镜片眼的变化量与对照眼的变化量的差并以右侧图表的形式示出。
STF-083010与DMSO同样,相对于未佩戴镜片的对照眼,屈光值、眼轴长均产生显著的变化,没有抑制近视诱导。另一方面,GSK2656157、奈非那韦滴眼组在未佩戴镜片的对照眼中也观察到了屈光值的变化、眼轴长的伸长。然而,与佩戴镜片进行了近视诱导的眼的变化量的差显著地减少(图8的(A)、(B)右侧的图表),因此可认为其具有抑制近视诱导的效果。
以上的结果显示:通过内质网应激诱导了近视,通过抑制内质网应激可以抑制近视诱导。另外还显示:不仅可以通过使用像抑制内质网应激本身的苯丁酸、牛磺熊去氧胆酸那样的药物进行近视抑制,还可以通过阻碍其传达下游内质网应激的信号来抑制。特别还显示:通过阻碍由作为内质网应激传感器的PERK、ATF6产生的信号可以有效地抑制近视。
产业上的可利用性
对于迄今为止都没有有效治疗药物的近视,明确了内质网应激抑制剂抑制近视的加重。因此,内质网应激抑制剂能够作为近视的治疗药物而起作用。另外,使用易于进行遗传解析的小鼠成功制作了呈现与人的近视同样症状的近视诱导模型。今后,通过使用小鼠近视诱导模型来阐明近视发病的分子机制,从而使分子靶向药物的开发变为可能。
附图标记说明
1 支柱
2 凹透镜
3 镜架
4 保护装置
5 调节器具
6 长洞
7 螺母
Claims (5)
1.含有抑制内质网应激本身的药剂、或者阻碍PERK通路和/或ATF6通路的药剂作为有效成分的制剂在制备用于预防、治疗或抑制轴性近视的药物中的用途,
所述抑制内质网应激本身的药剂为苯丁酸、牛磺熊去氧胆酸、或它们的药理学上允许的盐,
所述阻碍PERK通路和/或ATF6通路的药剂为GSK2656157、奈非那韦或它们的药理学上允许的盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述近视为病理性近视。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,剂型为滴眼剂。
4.一种小鼠轴性近视诱导模型的制作方法,其特征在于,
使幼鼠的眼前佩戴保护装置及凹透镜、并与小鼠的成长相应地利用调节机构来调节角度及宽度来进行饲养。
5.一种轴性近视预防/抑制药物的筛选方法,其特征在于,对下述的小鼠模型给药候选物质,
该小鼠模型是通过使幼鼠的眼前佩戴保护装置及凹透镜、并与小鼠的成长相应地利用调节机构来调节角度及宽度而进行轴性近视诱导的小鼠模型。
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US20240210736A1 (en) | 2024-06-27 |
JP7424676B2 (ja) | 2024-01-30 |
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JP7236753B2 (ja) | 2023-03-10 |
CN115645535B (zh) | 2024-07-09 |
JP2021091731A (ja) | 2021-06-17 |
EP3593817A4 (en) | 2021-04-07 |
EP3593817A1 (en) | 2020-01-15 |
KR102680012B1 (ko) | 2024-06-28 |
JP2020023574A (ja) | 2020-02-13 |
CN115645535A (zh) | 2023-01-31 |
JP6637217B2 (ja) | 2020-01-29 |
JPWO2018164113A1 (ja) | 2019-06-27 |
CN110392579A (zh) | 2019-10-29 |
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