CN110367073B

CN110367073B - High-yield cultivation method for gastrodia elata

Info

Publication number: CN110367073B
Application number: CN201910829976.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 余俊; 吴克俊; 梁书建
Original assignee: Pu'an Xiongyang Breeding Farmers' Professional Cooperative
Current assignee: Pu'an xiongyang breeding farmers' Professional Cooperative
Priority date: 2019-09-04
Filing date: 2019-09-04
Publication date: 2022-02-01
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-04
Also published as: CN110367073A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method for gastrodia elata. Before planting the gastrodia elata, the planting pit is used for effectively serving as a fixed fungus bed, armillaria mellea is combined with wood in advance, auxiliary materials and leaves are matched, the pit is buried and fermented for a long time, a fungus bed environment with sufficient nutrition is further prepared, after the gastrodia elata seeds are inoculated to the fermented fungus bed in the later stage, the fungus bed can improve sufficient and proper nutritional ingredients for the gastrodia elata seeds, the gastrodia elata seeds are rapidly differentiated and germinate, the growth vigor of the gastrodia elata is greatly improved, and the yield of the gastrodia elata seeds is improved; meanwhile, the forest tree leaves are sterilized and prepared into wet tree leaves, the wet tree leaves are buried in soil in cooperation with a fungus bed, and the wet tree leaves are slowly fermented and decayed to produce an environment with high humus and organic matters, so that a sufficient nutrient source is provided for the continuous growth of the gastrodia elata, and the high yield and high quality of the gastrodia elata are guaranteed.

Description

High-yield cultivation method for gastrodia elata

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method for gastrodia elata.

Background

Gastrodia elata Bl, also known as Thymus chinensis, Pleurospermum, Lygodium japonicum, Angelica furcijuga, Eupatorium fortunei, Gastrodia elata, Angelica sinensis, Pop, Gastrodia elata, Clinopodium chinense, white dragon skin, and the like, is a perennial herb of Gastrodia genus of Orchidaceae. The rhizome is thick and has no green leaf, and the capsule is oval and is usually propagated as tuber or seed. The rhizome of the Chinese medicinal composition is used for treating dizziness, numbness of limbs, infantile convulsion and other symptoms, is a rare Chinese medicament, and is used together with Qiongzhen lucid ganoderma for treating headache and insomnia.

The gastrodia elata seeds germinate and the gastrodia elata grows, and the germination and the growth can be realized only by providing nutrition for germination bacteria and armillaria mellea. The gastrodia elata has no root and leaves with assimilation function, so that the gastrodia elata cannot directly absorb nutrients in the environment. The basic nutrient source for the growth of the gastrodia elata is armillaria mellea, and the gastrodia elata cannot grow without the armillaria mellea. However, the relationship between Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea is very special and complicated. There is a nutritional relationship between digestion and digestion. Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea live together and show interdependence and mutual benefits of symbiosis. This relationship varies with the growth phase and environmental conditions.

"Trees" are the nutritional basis for the growth of Armillaria mellea and Gastrodia elata, which is a parasitic fungus that can survive on over 600 trees or herbaceous plants in nature. It is parasitic not only on the roots of living trees and grasses, but also on the roots and stems of dead trees. Gastrodia elata does not have the ability to produce nutrients by itself, and must grow on Armillaria mellea as a nutrient source. A food chain is formed between gastrodia elata, armillaria mellea and trees (green plants). Armillaria mellea is a 'nutritional bridge' among them, and trees are the material basis among them. The theoretical basis of Gastrodia elata GAP cultivation is the understanding of the relationship among the three.

The literature reports that the gastrodia elata seed germination bacteria belong to fungi of the genus lentinus (Mycena), and the germination bacteria are partially applied to indoor and outdoor gastrodia elata seed germination experiments and gastrodia elata planting seed germination popularization production. The Japanese herbal handsome helps in 1911 to issue a statement of 'Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea symbiosis', and it is generally thought later that Gastrodia elata can not leave Armillaria mellea in the whole growth cycle. According to researches such as Xujintang, the Armillaria mellea can establish a good symbiotic relationship with the rhizoma gastrodiae tuber to provide nutrition for the rhizoma gastrodiae, but the Armillaria mellea has no promotion effect on the germination of the rhizoma gastrodiae seeds but has an inhibition effect.

However, the field gastrodia elata is planted in the growth period without artificial fertilization, the trees, the armillaria mellea and the gastrodia elata are simultaneously cultivated, the trees and the armillaria mellea cannot immediately provide sufficient nutrient components for the gastrodia elata, the requirement for the initial growth of the gastrodia elata cannot be met, the gastrodia elata differential germination rate is low, and the yield of the gastrodia elata is greatly reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the gastrodia elata with the same drug effect as the wild gastrodia elata is artificially cultivated, and the yield of the gastrodia elata is improved, the invention provides a high-yield cultivation method of the gastrodia elata.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a high-yield cultivation method of gastrodia elata comprises the following steps:

step one, plantation selection: selecting a mountain broad-leaved forest gentle slope land with soil rich in organic matters as a plantation, wherein the sunlight transmittance in the forest is 30-40% or more, and the soil is regulated by an acid-base buffer to be weakly acidic;

step two, digging a pit: selecting sandy loam or sandy soil sections with loose soil quality, good air permeability and soil temperature of 25-40 ℃ in a plantation for 3-5 months, digging planting pits with the length of 70cm, the width of 55cm and the depth of 10-15 cm, loosening soil layers at the bottom of the pits for 5-7 cm, and controlling the slope of the pit mouth to be level with the slope of the gentle slope;

step three, manufacturing a fixed fungus bed: selecting miscellaneous tree wood, cutting into wood sections with the length of 20-22 cm and the diameter of 5-10 cm, cutting a fish scale opening with the depth of 1cm and the width of 1cm in the middle of each wood section, placing 12-14 trees at the bottom of each planting pit, placing 1-2 cm between adjacent wood sections, respectively inoculating Armillaria mellea at two ends and in the middle of each wood section, paving an auxiliary material with the thickness of 1-3 cm, controlling the incision of the auxiliary material to face the Armillaria mellea, planting a layer of wet sterile leaves with the thickness of 1-3 cm, covering the leaves with a sunshade net, finally covering fine soil with the thickness of 6-8 cm, and treading;

step four, inoculation: removing the sunshade net in 12 months to 2 months in the same year, removing leaves, inoculating 3 high-quality gastrodia seeds at the fish-scale opening in the middle of each wood segment, covering a layer of wet sterile leaves with the thickness of 2-4 cm after inoculation, covering the auxiliary materials on the leaves, then covering 1-2 cm thick wet sterile leaves, covering the sunshade net on the leaves, covering soil with the thickness of 6-8 cm, and covering weeds with the thickness of 1-3 cm on the soil; after inoculation, the gastrodia elata grows freely, and damage to people and livestock and plant diseases and insect pests are prevented;

step five, field management: in strong rainfall season, weeds are raked, water is drained for 1-3 days, and water is drained until the soil humidity is 40-50%; or covering weeds to keep moisture in the dry season in the day, and timely replenishing water until the soil humidity is 40-50% when the soil humidity is less than 30%.

Preferably, the acid-base buffer comprises an acid buffer and a base buffer;

wherein the acid solution is prepared by mixing a artemisia selengensis extract and a mint extract to prepare a diluent of 500-1000 times, inoculating a mixed strain of lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis accounting for 0.3-0.5% of the total weight of the diluent, carrying out closed fermentation for 5-10 days, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5-6.8;

and mixing the nettle extract, the pepper extract and the fennel extract to prepare 500-1000 times of diluent, mixing quicklime accounting for 3-5% of the total weight of the diluent, uniformly mixing and stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 7.1-7.5 to obtain the alkaline solution.

Further, the mixing ratio of the artemisia selengensis extract to the mint extract is 5-7: 2-3;

the mixing ratio of the nettle extract, the pepper extract and the fennel extract is 6-9: 2-4: 1-2.

Further, the mixing ratio of the lactic acid bacteria to the bacillus subtilis is 10: 1-3;

preferably, the method for regulating soil by using the acid-base buffering agent comprises the following steps:

shallow turning the earth surface in the forest by 20-30 cm, removing ant nests or insect nests, detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and selecting an alkali liquor buffering agent to regulate the pH value of the soil to be 6.0-6.5 if the soil is acidic and the pH value is less than or equal to 5.0;

if the soil is alkaline and the pH value is more than or equal to 7.0, an acid liquor buffering agent is selected to regulate the pH value of the soil to be 6.0-6.5.

Preferably, the wood segment is selected from one of cyclobalanopsis glauca, Betula platyphylla, Betula alba, Betula platyphylla, Morus alba and Sophora japonica.

Preferably, the auxiliary material has the diameter of 1-2 cm and the length of 5-15 cm;

wherein the auxiliary material is selected from one or more of Phyllostachys pubescens, Ma bamboo, Moso bamboo, mottled bamboo, water bamboo, cyclobalanopsis glauca, Betula platyphylla, Betula alba, Morus alba, Sophora japonica, corn stalk, corncob, cassava stalk, soybean stalk, sorghum stalk, and sunflower stalk.

Preferably, the humidity of the sterile wet leaves is 35-55%, the sterile wet leaves comprise miscellaneous tree withered leaves and withered pine needles which are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 10: 3-5, the mixture is placed in a sterilization solution to be soaked for 3-5 hours, the sterilization solution is taken out to drain water, the mixture is placed in the sun to be exposed for 3-5 days, and then sterile clear water is sprayed to the target humidity, so that the sterilization and disinfection solution is obtained.

Preferably, the sterilization liquid is prepared by uniformly mixing bitter bamboo essential oil, jasmine essential oil and rose essential oil according to a ratio of 9:3:1, preparing a diluent of 300-500 times, adding realgar powder accounting for 2-4% of the total weight of the diluent, and uniformly mixing and dissolving.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

compared with the prior art, the method selects a high mountain broad-leaved forest area as the planting field, provides a pure natural wild growth environment for the gastrodia elata, effectively utilizes deep forest resources, and can shade the gastrodia elata from sunlight and rain, so that the species abundance of the deep forest is increased for the gastrodia elata, and two purposes are achieved by one action;

secondly, after the planting land is ploughed, an acid-base buffering agent is selected to adjust the soil to be weakly acidic, so that a proper growing environment is created for the gastrodia elata; the planting pits are along the gentle slope direction, and are ventilated and drained, so that the rapid growth of the gastrodia elata is facilitated;

furthermore, before planting the gastrodia elata, the planting pit is used for effectively serving as a fixed fungus bed, the armillaria mellea is combined with wood in advance, the auxiliary material and the leaves are matched, the pit is buried and fermented for a long time, and then a fungus bed environment with sufficient nutrition is prepared; this is not comparable to the prior art;

finally, the forest tree leaves are sterilized and disinfected to prepare wet tree leaves, the wet tree leaves are buried in soil in cooperation with a fungus bed, and the wet tree leaves are slowly fermented and decayed to produce an environment with high humus and organic matters, so that sufficient nutrient sources are provided for the continuous growth of the gastrodia elata, and the high yield and high quality of the gastrodia elata are guaranteed.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the technical solutions provided by the present invention include not only the contents shown in the examples.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a high-yield cultivation method of gastrodia elata, which comprises the following specific steps:

step one, plantation selection: selecting mountain broad-leaved forest gentle slope land rich in organic matters in soil as a plantation, wherein the sunlight transmittance in the forest is 30% or more, shallow turning the ground surface in the forest by 20cm, removing ant nests or insect nests, detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and selecting an acid-base buffering agent to regulate the soil to be weakly acidic, wherein the regulation method comprises the following steps:

if the soil is acidic and the pH value is lower than 5.0, adjusting the pH value of the soil to be 6.0-6.5 by using an alkali liquor buffering agent; if the soil is alkaline and the pH value is higher than 7.0, selecting an acid liquor buffering agent to regulate the pH value of the soil to be 6.0-6.5;

step two, digging a pit: after 3 months, selecting sandy loam or sandy soil sections with loose soil quality, good air permeability and soil temperature of about 27 ℃ in a plantation, excavating planting pits with the length of 70cm, the width of 55cm and the depth of 15cm, loosening soil layers at the bottom of the pits by 5cm, and controlling the slope of the pit mouth to be level with the slope of the gentle slope;

step three, manufacturing a fixed fungus bed: selecting birch wood, cutting into wood sections with the length of 20cm and the diameter of 7cm, cutting a fish scale opening with the depth of 1cm and the width of 1cm in the middle of each wood section, placing 12 wood sections at the bottom of each planting pit, keeping the distance between adjacent wood sections at 1cm, respectively inoculating Armillaria mellea at two ends and the middle part of each wood section, paving an auxiliary material with the thickness of 3cm, controlling the auxiliary material to be cut against the Armillaria mellea, planting and covering a layer of wet sterile leaves with the depth of 3cm, covering the leaves with a sunshade net, finally covering fine soil with the thickness of 6cm, and treading;

step four, inoculation: removing the sunshade net in 12 months to 2 months in the same year, removing leaves, inoculating 3 high-quality gastrodia seeds at the fish-scale opening in the middle of each wood segment, covering a layer of wet sterile leaves with the thickness of 4cm after inoculation, covering the auxiliary materials on the leaves, then paving wet sterile leaves with the thickness of 2cm, covering the sunshade net on the leaves, covering soil with the thickness of 8cm, and covering weeds with the thickness of 1cm on the soil; after inoculation, the gastrodia elata grows freely, and damage to people and livestock and plant diseases and insect pests are prevented;

step five, field management: in strong precipitation seasons, weeds are raked off, water is drained for 1 day, and water is drained until the soil humidity is about 45%; or covering weeds to keep moisture in the dry season, and timely replenishing water until the soil humidity is about 45% when the soil humidity is lower than 30%.

In this embodiment, the acid-base buffer includes an acid buffer and a base buffer;

wherein the acid solution is prepared by mixing artemisia selengensis extract and mint extract according to the proportion of 5:2 to prepare 500 times of diluent, inoculating a mixed strain of lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis accounting for 0.3 percent of the total weight of the diluent, carrying out closed fermentation for 5 days, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5; the mixing ratio of the lactic acid bacteria to the bacillus subtilis is 10:3

The alkali liquor is prepared by mixing nettle extract, pepper extract and fennel extract according to the ratio of 6:2:1 to prepare 5000 times of diluent, mixing quicklime accounting for 3% of the total weight of the diluent, uniformly mixing and stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 7.1.

In the embodiment, the auxiliary material has a diameter of about 1cm and a length of about 10 cm; the materials are selected from Phyllostachys pubescens, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Betula glabra, corncob and sunflower stalk.

In the embodiment, the humidity of the sterile wet leaves is about 45%, the sterile wet leaves comprise mixed trees, namely withered leaves and pine needles which are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 10:3, the mixture is placed in a sterilization solution to be soaked for 3 hours, the sterilization solution is fished out to drain water, the mixture is placed in the sun to be exposed for 3 days, and then sterile clear water is sprayed to the target humidity, so that the sterilization solution is obtained;

the sterilizing liquid is prepared by uniformly mixing bitter bamboo essential oil, jasmine essential oil and rose essential oil according to the ratio of 9:3:1, preparing a 300-time diluent, adding realgar powder accounting for 2% of the total weight of the diluent, and uniformly mixing and dissolving.

Example 2

step one, plantation selection: selecting a mountain broad-leaved forest slope-slowing land with soil rich in organic matters as a plantation, wherein the sunlight transmittance in the forest is 40% or more, shallow turning the ground surface in the forest by 30cm, removing ant nests or insect nests, detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and selecting acid-retarding granules to regulate the soil to be weakly acidic, wherein the regulation method comprises the following steps:

if the soil is acidic and the pH value is lower than 5.0, selecting an alkali liquor buffering agent to regulate the pH value of the soil to be any value between 6.0 and 6.5; if the soil is alkaline and the pH value is higher than 7.0, selecting an acid liquor buffering agent to regulate the pH value of the soil to be any value between 6.0 and 6.5;

step two, digging a pit: before and after 5 months, selecting sandy loam or sandy soil sections with loose soil quality, good air permeability and soil temperature below 40 ℃, excavating planting pits with the length of 70cm, the width of 55cm and the depth of 10cm, loosening soil layers at the bottom of the pits by 7cm, and controlling the slope of the pit mouth to be level with the slope of the gentle slope;

step three, manufacturing a fixed fungus bed: selecting mulberry trees, cutting into wood sections with the length of 22cm and the diameter of 10cm, cutting a fish scale opening with the depth of 1cm and the width of 1cm in the middle of each wood section, placing 14 wood sections at the bottom of each planting pit, placing 2cm between adjacent wood sections, respectively inoculating armillaria mellea at two ends and in the middle of each wood section, paving an auxiliary material with the thickness of 1cm, controlling the auxiliary material to enable the auxiliary material to cut to face the armillaria mellea, planting and covering a layer of wet sterile leaves with the length of 3cm, covering the leaves with a sunshade net, finally covering the leaves with fine soil with the length of 8cm, and treading the leaves tightly;

step four, inoculation: removing the sunshade net in 12 months to 2 months in the same year, removing leaves, inoculating 3 high-quality gastrodia seeds at the fish-scale opening in the middle of each wood segment, covering a layer of wet sterile leaves with the thickness of 2cm after inoculation, covering the auxiliary materials on the leaves, then covering the wet sterile leaves with the thickness of 1cm, covering the sunshade net on the leaves, covering soil to 8cm, and covering weeds on the soil by 3 cm; after inoculation, the gastrodia elata grows freely, and damage to people and livestock and plant diseases and insect pests are prevented;

step five, field management: in strong precipitation seasons, weeds are raked off, water is drained for 3 days, and water is drained until the soil humidity is 40%; or covering weeds to keep moisture in dry seasons, and timely replenishing water until the soil humidity is 40% when the soil humidity is lower than 30%.

wherein the acid solution is prepared by mixing artemisia selengensis extract and mint extract according to the proportion of 7:3 to prepare 1000 times of diluent, inoculating a mixed strain of lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis accounting for 0.5 percent of the total weight of the diluent, carrying out closed fermentation for 10 days, and adjusting the pH value to 6.8; the mixing ratio of the lactic acid bacteria to the bacillus subtilis is 10: 1;

the alkali liquor is prepared by mixing nettle extract, pepper extract and fennel extract according to the ratio of 9:4:2 to prepare 1000 times of diluent, mixing quicklime accounting for 5% of the total weight of the diluent, uniformly mixing and stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 7.5.

In the embodiment, the auxiliary material has a diameter of 2cm and a length of about 15 cm; the materials are selected from dendrocalamus latiflorus, phyllostachys edulis, cyclobalanopsis glauca, white birch, mulberry, pagodatree corn stalk, cassava stalk and soybean stalk.

In the embodiment, the humidity of the sterile wet leaves is 55%, the sterile wet leaves comprise mixed tree withered leaves and dried pine needles which are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 10:5, then the mixture is placed in a sterilization solution to be soaked for 5 hours, the mixture is fished out to drain water, the mixture is placed in the sun to be exposed for 5 days, and then sterile clear water is sprayed to the target humidity, so that the sterile wet leaf is obtained;

the sterilizing liquid is prepared by uniformly mixing bitter bamboo essential oil, jasmine essential oil and rose essential oil according to the ratio of 9:3:1, preparing a 500-time diluent, adding realgar powder accounting for 4% of the total weight of the diluent, and uniformly mixing and dissolving.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method of gastrodia elata is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, plantation selection: selecting a mountain broad-leaved forest slope-slowing land rich in organic matters as a plantation, wherein the sunlight transmittance in the forest is 30% or more, and an acid-base buffering agent is used for regulating the soil to be weakly acidic, specifically, the regulation method comprises the steps of shallow turning the ground surface in the forest by 20-30 cm, removing ant nests or insect nests, detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and selecting an alkali buffering agent to regulate the pH value of the soil to be 6.0-6.5 if the soil is acidic and the pH value is less than or equal to 5.0; if the soil is alkaline and the pH value is more than or equal to 7.0, selecting an acid liquor buffering agent to regulate the pH value of the soil to be 6.0-6.5;

step two, digging a pit: in a planting garden, selecting sandy loam or sandy soil sections with loose soil quality, good air permeability and soil temperature of 25-40 ℃, excavating planting pits with the length of 70cm, the width of 55cm and the depth of 10-15 cm, loosening soil layers at the bottom of the pits by 5-7 cm, and controlling the slope of the pit mouth to be level with the slope of the gentle slope;

the wood section is selected from one of cyclobalanopsis glauca, Betula glabra, Betula alba, Betula platyphylla, Morus alba and Sophora japonica;

the auxiliary material is 1-2 cm in diameter and 5-15 cm in length; the wood is selected from one or more of moso bamboo, hemp bamboo, black bamboo, mottled bamboo, water bamboo, cyclobalanopsis glauca, Betula platyphylla, birch, mulberry, locust tree, corn stalk, corncob, cassava stalk, soybean stalk, sorghum stalk and sunflower stalk;

the humidity of the sterile wet leaves is 35-55%, the sterile wet leaves comprise miscellaneous tree withered leaves and withered pine needles which are uniformly mixed according to a ratio of 10: 3-5, then the mixture is placed in a sterilization solution to be soaked for 3-5 hours, the mixture is taken out to drain water, the mixture is placed in the sun to be exposed for 3-5 days, and then sterile clear water is sprayed to the target humidity, so that the sterile wet leaf is obtained;

step five, field management: in strong rainfall season, weeds are raked, water is drained for 1-3 days, and water is drained until the soil humidity is 40-50%; or covering weeds to keep moisture in the dry season in the day, and timely replenishing water until the soil humidity is 40-50% when the soil humidity is less than 30%;

wherein the acid-base buffer comprises an acid solution buffer and an alkali solution buffer; the acid solution is prepared by mixing a artemisia selengensis extract and a mint extract to prepare a diluent of 500-1000 times, the mixing ratio of the artemisia selengensis extract to the mint extract is 5-7: 2-3, a mixed strain of lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis accounting for 0.3-0.5% of the total weight of the diluent is inoculated, the mixing ratio of the lactobacillus and the bacillus subtilis is 10: 1-3, the mixture is subjected to closed fermentation for 5-10 days, and the pH value is adjusted to 6.5-6.8;

mixing and blending a nettle extracting solution, a pepper extracting solution and a fennel extracting solution to prepare a 500-1000-time diluent, mixing the nettle extracting solution, the pepper extracting solution and the fennel extracting solution at a mixing ratio of 6-9: 2-4: 1-2, mixing quicklime accounting for 3-5% of the total weight of the diluent, uniformly mixing and stirring, and adjusting the pH value to 7.1-7.5 to obtain the alkaline solution;

the sterilizing liquid is prepared by uniformly mixing bitter bamboo essential oil, jasmine essential oil and rose essential oil according to a ratio of 9:3:1, preparing a diluent of 300-500 times, adding realgar powder accounting for 2-4% of the total weight of the diluent, and uniformly mixing and dissolving.