CN109275478A - A kind of implantation methods of acid mouth hawthorn - Google Patents

A kind of implantation methods of acid mouth hawthorn Download PDF

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CN109275478A
CN109275478A CN201811280062.7A CN201811280062A CN109275478A CN 109275478 A CN109275478 A CN 109275478A CN 201811280062 A CN201811280062 A CN 201811280062A CN 109275478 A CN109275478 A CN 109275478A
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hawthorn
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implantation methods
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CN109275478B (en
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许焕明
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DAXIN COUNTY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION INSTITUTE
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30—Grafting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30—Grafting
    • A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
    • A01H4/001—Culture apparatus for tissue culture
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
    • A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
    • C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of sour mouth hawthorn, including selection of land site preparation, cultivation seedling, grafting, transplanting, field management, harvesting.The hawthorn organic acid content for planting out using implantation methods of the invention is high, and fruit is big, and yield is high, and effect of being used as medicine is good, makes Hawthorn Vinegar, acidity height, features good taste.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of acid mouth hawthorn
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit planting technology field, the implantation methods of specifically a kind of acid mouth hawthorn.
Background technique
Hawthorn (scientific name:Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge) also known as hawthorn, large-fruited Chinese hawthorn, rosaceae hawthorn Belong to, deciduous tree, it is high up to 6 meters.Stone fruit, caryoplasm is hard, and pulp is thin, and taste is slightly sour puckery.Fruit is raw-eaten or makees preserved fruit fruitcake, It can be used as medicine after drying, be the distinctive dual-purpose of drug and fruit tree species of China, have the effects that reducing blood lipid, blood pressure, heart tonifying, arrhythmia, It is simultaneously also the good medicine of spleen benefiting and stimulating the appetite, relieving dyspepsia, phlegm reduction of blood circulation promoting, to chest diaphragm spleen, the diseases such as full, hernia, blood stasis, amenorrhoea have very well Curative effect.Flavone compound Vitexin in hawthorn, is a kind of stronger drug of antitumaous effect, and extract is internal to inhibition Growth of cancer cells, proliferation and infiltration metastasis have certain effect.Hawthorn is adaptable, and the environment that happiness is nice and cool, wet resists cold again High temperature resistant can be grown between -36~43 DEG C；Light is also resistant to shade, is typically distributed about bare hills and mountains, tailo, half tailo, mountain Paddy, the gradient is preferably 15~25 degree；Drought-enduring, when excess moisture, branches and leaves are easy excessive growth；It is not stringent to soil requirement, but in soil layer It is deep, quality is fertile, loose, well-drained subacidity sandy loam well-grown.
Organic acid content is higher in hawthorn, and only citric acid content is just up to 1.9%~3.4%, in addition there are ascorbic acid, together Pier tartaric acid and hawthorn acid etc..Citric acid is a kind of important organic acid, has extremely more use in industry, grocery trade, makeup industry etc. On the way.Ascorbic acid plays regulatory role in redox metabolism reaction, and scurvy can be caused by lacking it.Oleanolic acid is clinically used for Infectious acute icteric hepatitis is treated, there is apparent reduction glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and removing jaundice effect, improve viral and chronic The symptom of metastatic hepatitis patient, sign and liver function；It can also be used in psoriasis, rheumatic arthritis, nephritic dropsy, cirrhosis Ascites, acute, chronic hepatitis, stranguria with turbid discharge of having a stomachache, metrorrhagia, traumatic injury, carbuncle swells, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, the diseases such as threatened abortion.Hawthorn acid has The multiple biological activities such as anticancer, anti-oxidant, anti-AIDS, antibacterial, anti-diabetic.The content of organic acid is compared with sweet tea mountain in sour mouth hawthorn The height of short, bristly hair or beard, but because sweet tea hawthorn directly eats or is made into, preserved fruit is more delicious, and sweet tea hawthorn is more favourable, so present hawthorn High sugariness is generally pursued, the yield of sour mouth hawthorn is fewer and fewer, and organic acid content is lower and lower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of sour mouth hawthorn, the hawthorn for planting out using this method is organic Acid content is high, and fruit is big, and yield is high.
A kind of implantation methods of acid mouth hawthorn include selection of land site preparation, cultivate seedling, grafting, transplanting, field management, adopt It receives, particular content is as follows:
(1) it selection of land site preparation: selects to have abundant water resources, the planting site of soil layer is deep, fertile subacidity sandy loam soil as hawthorn；? Month previous year 9-11 of transplanting deep ploughs to soil, depth 40cm-50cm, is embedded to green manure and base manure, and green manure discharges Amount is 100-250 kgs/acre, and base manure release amount is 250-450 kgs/acre；Greenhouse is built, is installed at the top of greenhouse contractile Shading plastic film.
(2) cultivate seedling: using quick breeding by group culture method cultivate hawthorn tissue-cultured seedling, to its grow to 5cm-10cm high, There is 5-10 item root time shift to enter nutrient bag to be cultivated；
The nutrient bag is used as matrix according to the ratio mixing of volume ratio 2-3:5:0.5 by coco bran+thin river sand+biomass carbon.
(3) it grafts: when the long supreme 10cm-15cm of seedling, stem thickness 1cm-2cm, being stayed being cut at the 4-6cm of ground Stock is cut into 2 half, long incision 0.8-1.5cm by anvil；Select sour mouth hawthorn that there is the semi-lignified fringe of full axillary-bud or top-bud Item cuts two inclined-planes with knife at the 0.5-0.7cm of axillary bud lower part, and top is concordant, long 3-5cm, retains 2-3 axillary bud；Scion It is inserted into stock, is coated at grafting after being directed at forming layer with drug paste, by the ratio of auxin and cytokinin 1:24 in mass ratio 2000 times of dilution is sprayed at grafting after example mixing.
(4) it transplants: after healing completely at the grafting of seedling to be grafted and growing sprouting, carrying out hardening 10-20 days, then by its band Soil mud is planted, and transplanting seeding row spacing is 3m*2.5m, depth 35cm-45cm, and sapling is put into irrigate after backfill in kind of plant hole and determines root Water, then one layer of fine earth is being spread above.
(5) field management: hawthorn imposes 3 compound fertilizers, each mu dosage 600kg-750kg every year after surviving；It is annual right Thornbuss sprays 1-2 plant insecticide；When as a result, when the daily noon sun is big, the shading plastics for opening ceiling are thin Film shortens light application time, makes daily light application time less than 6h, and reduce day and night temperature, and day and night temperature is kept to be lower than 5 DEG C；In fruit Real expanding stage and maturity period carry out drought stress, carry out deficit irrigation；It also needs to sick branch, deadwood, overstocked branch, crossing branch every year It is trimmed, keeps light transmission ventilative, reduce disease.
(6) it harvests: in annual 9-10 month, harvesting hawthorn.
The green manure is daghestan sweet clover and/or sesbania；The base manure is made of following parts by weight raw material: 20-50 parts of cow dung, 50-70 parts of pig manure, 30-60 parts of filter mud of sugar refinery, waste 10-30 parts molasses fermented, 10-15 parts of pine needle meal, spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder 10-15 parts, fermentation 1-2 months.
The compound fertilizer is made of following parts by weight raw material: 10-15 parts of cow dung, 10-15 parts of methane tank residue, molasses hair 8-10 parts of ferment powder, 10-15 parts of spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder, 35-38 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 8-12 parts of potassium chloride, molybdenum Sour ammonium 0.01-0.2 parts, 0.01-0.2 parts of Chelating state zinc, 0.01-0.2 parts of Chelating state selenium, 0.01-0.2 parts of boric acid, copper sulphate 0.01-0.2 parts.
The plant insecticide is that the alcohol extract of eucalyptus leaves, leaf of Chinese ilex, pine needle, camphor leaf, Celastrus angulatus and kuh-seng is used Water dilutes 6-10 times.
It is described that using quick breeding by group culture method cultivation tissue-cultured seedling, specific step is as follows:
(1) explant is handled: before early spring rudiment, choosing the semi-lignified stem section of the strong thornbuss of well developed root system, disease resistance, first It is rinsed well with clear water, after blotting paper blots, impregnates 20-25min with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, then with aseptic water washing 2-3 It is secondary, cleaned stem section is clamped with tweezers, on aseptic operating platform, blots surface moisture, clip 1.5- with the filter paper to sterilize The stem with bud of 2.5cm is as explant.
(2) Primary culture: the explant after sterilizing being inoculated into the Primary culture base through high-temperature sterilization and is cultivated, and cultivates item Part is 24-26 DEG C of temperature, intensity of illumination 2400-2500lx, light application time 16-17h/d, and sterile culture is extremely in culturing room It sprouts.
(3) squamous subculture: moving into the subculture medium through high-temperature sterilization for bud obtained by step (2), is 24- in cultivation temperature 25 DEG C, intensity of illumination 2000-2500lx, light application time cultivate 35-36d under conditions of being 16-17h/d.
(4) culture of rootage: aseptically, the band base of leaf section that the long 2-3cm squamous subculture of clip obtains is inserted into training of taking root It supports in base and carries out culture of rootage；26-28 DEG C of cultivation temperature, intensity of illumination 2000-22001x, light application time 15h/d.
The ingredient of Primary culture base are as follows: 6 benzyladenine 1.2mg/L of MS+ N+0 .6mg/L of methyl α-naphthyl acetate+vitamin B1 1 .0mg/L+molasses 3g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.0；
The ingredient of subculture medium are as follows: MS+ N6 benzyladenine 2.1mg/L+ methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.5mg/L+ vitamin B1 0.8mg/L + vitamin C 1.5mg/L+ glutamic acid 2.1mg/L+ molasses 3.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 5.8；
The ingredient of root media are as follows: MS++methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.02mg/L+ indolebutyric acid 0.8mg/L+ heteroauxin 0.2mg/L+ sugar Sweet 4.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.1.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the hawthorn organic acid content that the present invention produces is high, the present invention different from other hawthorn plantation high sugariness of pursuit Kind is sour mouth hawthorn, connects nutrition by quick breeding by group culture and cultivates to obtain the hawthorn seedling of well developed root system, then selects acid The fringe bar of mouthful hawthorn carries out engrafting and cultivating hawthorn seedling, obtained hawthorn seedling not only well developed root system, but also has sour mouth mountain The characteristic of short, bristly hair or beard.Hawthorn tissue-cultured seedling is cultivated using quick breeding by group culture method, is not limited by the season of growth, reproduction speed is fast, breeding Coefficient is big, can get nontoxic seedling and the neat and consistent that raises up seed, and is able to maintain the merit of original kind；By adjusting culture medium Ingredient and content, hawthorn sprout can be promoted to grow up strong and sturdy and hestening rooting, obtain strong, well developed root system tissue-cultured seedling.
2, the present invention first cultivate have the hawthorn seedling of sour mouth hawthorn characteristic after, then by control liquid manure, light application time The organic acid content of hawthorn is improved with intensity, day and night temperature.Lift-augmented mechanism reduces the release amount of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, in result When shorten light application time, reduce day and night temperature, carry out drought stress in fruit expanding period and maturity period, carry out deficit irrigation, this The acidity of hawthorn can be effectively improved, sugariness is reduced.In addition to this, hawthorn is harvested in advance, can also have been reduced The loss of machine acid.
3, compound fertilizer is applied to thornbuss, compound fertilizer used is full of nutrition, covers nutrition necessary to thornbuss is grown Element: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron, chlorine etc., meet thornbuss growth need while, also act and repair Earth backing, keep land fertility effect.To thornbuss spray on plants insecticide, pest and disease damage can be both effectively prevented, it can also It is detrimental to health to avoid pesticide residue.And the raw material sources of plant insecticide used are wide, are easy to get, and transform mountains to anti- Short, bristly hair or beard tetranychid, heart-eating worm, dichocrocis punctiferalis etc. are effective in cure.
4, the present invention is added to molasses fermented powder in compound fertilizer, and water-soluble substance > 99% of molasses fermented powder is water-soluble yellow Rotten acid > 50%, crude protein content 19.78% or so, amino acid content 8.51% or so, there are also a large amount of B family vitamins, vitamin C, inositol, polysaccharide etc., for pH between 5-6, activity is 10 times of natural humus acid, also containing multivitamin, microelement, Mycoprotein, nucleic acid, surface-active substance and somatomedin (bioactive substance) etc..The molasses fermented antiacid alkalization of powder, to two Valence cation has very strong sequestering power, can form organic chelated microelement with metal ions such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, calcium, can Promote absorption and utilization of the plant to minerals.Spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder is all added in base manure and compound fertilizer, studies show that, its With anthelmintic action.
5, the hawthorn organic acid content for planting out using implantation methods of the invention is high, and fruit is big, and yield is high, enters drug effect Fruit is good, makes Hawthorn Vinegar, acidity height, features good taste.
Specific embodiment
For the more detailed introduction present invention, below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of implantation methods of acid mouth hawthorn include selection of land site preparation, cultivate seedling, grafting, transplanting, field management, harvesting, tool Hold in vivo as follows:
(1) it selection of land site preparation: selects to have abundant water resources, the planting site of soil layer is deep, fertile subacidity sandy loam soil as hawthorn；? The previous year of transplanting deep ploughs to soil October, depth 40cm-50cm, is embedded to green manure and base manure, green manure release amount It is 180 kgs/acre, base manure release amount is 300 kgs/acre；Greenhouse is built, it is thin that contractile shading plastics are installed at the top of greenhouse Film.
(2) cultivate seedling: using quick breeding by group culture method cultivate hawthorn tissue-cultured seedling, to its grow to 5cm-10cm high, There is 5-10 item root time shift to enter nutrient bag to be cultivated；
The nutrient bag is used as matrix according to the ratio mixing of volume ratio 2-3:5:0.5 by coco bran+thin river sand+biomass carbon.
(3) it grafts: when the long supreme 10cm-15cm of seedling, stem thickness 1cm-2cm, being stayed being cut at the 4-6cm of ground Stock is cut into 2 half, long incision 0.8-1.5cm by anvil；Select sour mouth hawthorn that there is the semi-lignified fringe of full axillary-bud or top-bud Item cuts two inclined-planes with knife at the 0.5-0.7cm of axillary bud lower part, and top is concordant, long 3-5cm, retains 2-3 axillary bud；Scion It is inserted into stock, is coated at grafting after being directed at forming layer with drug paste, by the ratio of auxin and cytokinin 1:24 in mass ratio 2000 times of dilution is sprayed at grafting after example mixing.
(4) it transplants: after healing completely at the grafting of seedling to be grafted and growing sprouting, carrying out hardening 15 days, then its band is native Transplanting, transplanting seeding row spacing are 3m*2.5m, depth 35cm-45cm, and sapling is put into irrigate after backfill in kind of plant hole and determines root Water, then one layer of fine earth is being spread above.
(5) field management: hawthorn imposes 3 compound fertilizers, each mu dosage 680kg every year after surviving；Every year to thornbuss Spray 1-2 plant insecticide；When as a result, when the daily noon sun is big, the shading plastic film of ceiling is opened, is shortened Light application time makes daily light application time less than 6h, and reduces day and night temperature, and day and night temperature is kept to be lower than 5 DEG C；In fruit expanding period Drought stress is carried out with the maturity period, carries out deficit irrigation；It also needs to repair sick branch, deadwood, overstocked branch, crossing branch every year It cuts, keeps light transmission ventilative, reduce disease.
(6) it harvests: in annual 9-10 month, harvesting hawthorn.
The green manure is daghestan sweet clover and/or sesbania；The base manure is made of following parts by weight raw material: 35 parts of cow dung, pig 60 parts of excrement, 45 parts of filter mud of sugar refinery, 20 parts of molasses fermented waste, 12 parts of pine needle meal, 12 parts of spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder ferment 1 month.
The compound fertilizer is made of following parts by weight raw material: 12 parts of cow dung, 12 parts of methane tank residue, molasses fermented powder 9 Part, 12 parts of spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder, 36 parts of ammonium sulfate, 12 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 10 parts of potassium chloride, 0.1 part of ammonium molybdate, Chelating state zinc 0.1 part, 0.1 part of Chelating state selenium, 0.1 part of boric acid, 0.1 part of copper sulphate.
The plant insecticide is that the alcohol extract of eucalyptus leaves, leaf of Chinese ilex, pine needle, camphor leaf, Celastrus angulatus and kuh-seng is used Water dilutes 8 times.
It is described that using quick breeding by group culture method cultivation tissue-cultured seedling, specific step is as follows:
(1) explant is handled: before early spring rudiment, choosing the semi-lignified stem section of the strong thornbuss of well developed root system, disease resistance, first It is rinsed well with clear water, after blotting paper blots, impregnates 22min with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, then with aseptic water washing 3 times, use Tweezers clamp cleaned stem section, on aseptic operating platform, blot surface moisture, the band bud of clip 2cm with the filter paper to sterilize Stem section is as explant.
(2) Primary culture: the explant after sterilizing being inoculated into the Primary culture base through high-temperature sterilization and is cultivated, and cultivates item Part is 25 DEG C of temperature, intensity of illumination 2450lx, light application time 16h/d, and sterile culture is to sprouting in culturing room.
(3) squamous subculture: moving into the subculture medium through high-temperature sterilization for bud obtained by step (2), is 25 in cultivation temperature DEG C, intensity of illumination 2200lx, light application time cultivate 36d under conditions of being 16h/d.
(4) culture of rootage: aseptically, the band base of leaf section that the long 3cm squamous subculture of clip obtains is inserted into culture of rootage Culture of rootage is carried out in base；27 DEG C of cultivation temperature, intensity of illumination 21001x, light application time 15h/d.
The ingredient of Primary culture base are as follows: 6 benzyladenine 1.2mg/L of MS+ N+0 .6mg/L of methyl α-naphthyl acetate+vitamin B1 1 .0mg/L+molasses 3g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.0；
The ingredient of subculture medium are as follows: MS+ N6 benzyladenine 2.1mg/L+ methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.5mg/L+ vitamin B1 0.8mg/L + vitamin C 1.5mg/L+ glutamic acid 2.1mg/L+ molasses 3.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 5.8；
The ingredient of root media are as follows: MS++methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.02mg/L+ indolebutyric acid 0.8mg/L+ heteroauxin 0.2mg/L+ sugar Sweet 4.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.1.
Embodiment 2
A kind of implantation methods of acid mouth hawthorn include selection of land site preparation, cultivate seedling, grafting, transplanting, field management, harvesting, tool Hold in vivo as follows:
(1) it selection of land site preparation: selects to have abundant water resources, the planting site of soil layer is deep, fertile subacidity sandy loam soil as hawthorn；? Previous year September part of transplanting deep ploughs to soil, depth 40cm-50cm, is embedded to green manure and base manure, green manure release amount are 250 kgs/acre, base manure release amount is 250 kgs/acre；Greenhouse is built, it is thin that contractile shading plastics are installed at the top of greenhouse Film.
(2) cultivate seedling: using quick breeding by group culture method cultivate hawthorn tissue-cultured seedling, to its grow to 5cm-10cm high, There is 5-10 item root time shift to enter nutrient bag to be cultivated；
The nutrient bag is used as matrix according to the ratio mixing of volume ratio 2-3:5:0.5 by coco bran+thin river sand+biomass carbon.
(3) it grafts: when the long supreme 10cm-15cm of seedling, stem thickness 1cm-2cm, being stayed being cut at the 4-6cm of ground Stock is cut into 2 half, long incision 0.8-1.5cm by anvil；Select sour mouth hawthorn that there is the semi-lignified fringe of full axillary-bud or top-bud Item cuts two inclined-planes with knife at the 0.5-0.7cm of axillary bud lower part, and top is concordant, long 3-5cm, retains 2-3 axillary bud；Scion It is inserted into stock, is coated at grafting after being directed at forming layer with drug paste, by the ratio of auxin and cytokinin 1:24 in mass ratio 2000 times of dilution is sprayed at grafting after example mixing.
(4) it transplants: after healing completely at the grafting of seedling to be grafted and growing sprouting, carrying out hardening 10 days, then its band is native Transplanting, transplanting seeding row spacing are 3m*2.5m, depth 35cm-45cm, and sapling is put into irrigate after backfill in kind of plant hole and determines root Water, then one layer of fine earth is being spread above.
(5) field management: hawthorn imposes 3 compound fertilizers, each mu dosage 600kg every year after surviving；Every year to thornbuss Spray 1-2 plant insecticide；When as a result, when the daily noon sun is big, the shading plastic film of ceiling is opened, is shortened Light application time makes daily light application time less than 6h, and reduces day and night temperature, and day and night temperature is kept to be lower than 5 DEG C；In fruit expanding period Drought stress is carried out with the maturity period, carries out deficit irrigation；It also needs to repair sick branch, deadwood, overstocked branch, crossing branch every year It cuts, keeps light transmission ventilative, reduce disease.
(6) it harvests: in annual 9-10 month, harvesting hawthorn.
The green manure is daghestan sweet clover and/or sesbania；The base manure is made of following parts by weight raw material: 50 parts of cow dung, pig 70 parts of excrement, 60 parts of filter mud of sugar refinery, 30 parts of molasses fermented waste, 15 parts of pine needle meal, 15 parts of spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder ferment 2 months.
The compound fertilizer is made of following parts by weight raw material: 15 parts of cow dung, 15 parts of methane tank residue, molasses fermented powder 10 Part, 15 parts of spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder, 38 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 12 parts of potassium chloride, 0.2 part of ammonium molybdate, Chelating state zinc 0.2 part, 0.2 part of Chelating state selenium, 0.2 part of boric acid, 0.2 part of copper sulphate.
The plant insecticide is that the alcohol extract of eucalyptus leaves, leaf of Chinese ilex, pine needle, camphor leaf, Celastrus angulatus and kuh-seng is used Water dilutes 6 times.
It is described that using quick breeding by group culture method cultivation tissue-cultured seedling, specific step is as follows:
(1) explant is handled: before early spring rudiment, choosing the semi-lignified stem section of the strong thornbuss of well developed root system, disease resistance, first It is rinsed well with clear water, after blotting paper blots, impregnates 20min with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, then with aseptic water washing 2 times, use Tweezers clamp cleaned stem section, on aseptic operating platform, blot surface moisture, the band of clip 1.5cm with the filter paper to sterilize Leaf stem section is as explant.
(2) Primary culture: the explant after sterilizing being inoculated into the Primary culture base through high-temperature sterilization and is cultivated, and cultivates item Part is 24 DEG C of temperature, intensity of illumination 2500lx, light application time 16h/d, and sterile culture is to sprouting in culturing room.
(3) squamous subculture: moving into the subculture medium through high-temperature sterilization for bud obtained by step (2), is 24 in cultivation temperature DEG C, intensity of illumination 2500lx, light application time cultivate 35-36d under conditions of being 16h/d.
(4) culture of rootage: aseptically, the band base of leaf section that the long 2cm squamous subculture of clip obtains is inserted into culture of rootage Culture of rootage is carried out in base；26 DEG C of cultivation temperature, intensity of illumination 22001x, light application time 15h/d.
The ingredient of Primary culture base are as follows: 6 benzyladenine 1.2mg/L of MS+ N+0 .6mg/L of methyl α-naphthyl acetate+vitamin B1 1 .0mg/L+molasses 3g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.0；
The ingredient of subculture medium are as follows: MS+ N6 benzyladenine 2.1mg/L+ methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.5mg/L+ vitamin B1 0.8mg/L + vitamin C 1.5mg/L+ glutamic acid 2.1mg/L+ molasses 3.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 5.8；
The ingredient of root media are as follows: MS++methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.02mg/L+ indolebutyric acid 0.8mg/L+ heteroauxin 0.2mg/L+ sugar Sweet 4.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of implantation methods of acid mouth hawthorn include selection of land site preparation, cultivate seedling, grafting, transplanting, field management, harvesting, tool Hold in vivo as follows:
(1) it selection of land site preparation: selects to have abundant water resources, the planting site of soil layer is deep, fertile subacidity sandy loam soil as hawthorn；? The previous year of transplanting deep ploughs to soil November, depth 40cm-50cm, is embedded to green manure and base manure, green manure release amount It is 100 kgs/acre, base manure release amount is 450 kgs/acre；Greenhouse is built, it is thin that contractile shading plastics are installed at the top of greenhouse Film.
(2) cultivate seedling: using quick breeding by group culture method cultivate hawthorn tissue-cultured seedling, to its grow to 5cm-10cm high, There is 5-10 item root time shift to enter nutrient bag to be cultivated；
The nutrient bag is used as matrix according to the ratio mixing of volume ratio 2-3:5:0.5 by coco bran+thin river sand+biomass carbon.
(3) it grafts: when the long supreme 10cm-15cm of seedling, stem thickness 1cm-2cm, being stayed being cut at the 4-6cm of ground Stock is cut into 2 half, long incision 0.8-1.5cm by anvil；Select sour mouth hawthorn that there is the semi-lignified fringe of full axillary-bud or top-bud Item cuts two inclined-planes with knife at the 0.5-0.7cm of axillary bud lower part, and top is concordant, long 3-5cm, retains 2-3 axillary bud；Scion It is inserted into stock, is coated at grafting after being directed at forming layer with drug paste, by the ratio of auxin and cytokinin 1:24 in mass ratio 2000 times of dilution is sprayed at grafting after example mixing.
(4) it transplants: after healing completely at the grafting of seedling to be grafted and growing sprouting, carrying out hardening 20 days, then its band is native Transplanting, transplanting seeding row spacing are 3m*2.5m, depth 35cm-45cm, and sapling is put into irrigate after backfill in kind of plant hole and determines root Water, then one layer of fine earth is being spread above.
(5) field management: hawthorn imposes 3 compound fertilizers, each mu dosage 750kg every year after surviving；Every year to thornbuss Spray 1-2 plant insecticide；When as a result, when the daily noon sun is big, the shading plastic film of ceiling is opened, is shortened Light application time makes daily light application time less than 6h, and reduces day and night temperature, and day and night temperature is kept to be lower than 5 DEG C；In fruit expanding period Drought stress is carried out with the maturity period, carries out deficit irrigation；It also needs to repair sick branch, deadwood, overstocked branch, crossing branch every year It cuts, keeps light transmission ventilative, reduce disease.
(6) it harvests: in annual 9-10 month, harvesting hawthorn.
The green manure is daghestan sweet clover and/or sesbania；The base manure is made of following parts by weight raw material: 20 parts of cow dung, pig 50 parts of excrement, 30 parts of filter mud of sugar refinery, 10 parts of molasses fermented waste, 10 parts of pine needle meal, 10 parts of spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder ferment 1 month.
The compound fertilizer is made of following parts by weight raw material: 10 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of methane tank residue, molasses fermented powder 8 Part, 10 parts of spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder, 35 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 8 parts of potassium chloride, 0.01 part of ammonium molybdate, Chelating state zinc 0.01 part, 0.01 part of Chelating state selenium, 0.01 part of boric acid, 0.01 part of copper sulphate.
The plant insecticide is that the alcohol extract of eucalyptus leaves, leaf of Chinese ilex, pine needle, camphor leaf, Celastrus angulatus and kuh-seng is used Water dilutes 10 times.
It is described that using quick breeding by group culture method cultivation tissue-cultured seedling, specific step is as follows:
(1) explant is handled: before early spring rudiment, choosing the semi-lignified stem section of the strong thornbuss of well developed root system, disease resistance, first It is rinsed well with clear water, after blotting paper blots, impregnates 25min with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, then with aseptic water washing 3 times, use Tweezers clamp cleaned stem section, on aseptic operating platform, blot surface moisture, the band of clip 2.5cm with the filter paper to sterilize Leaf stem section is as explant.
(2) Primary culture: the explant after sterilizing being inoculated into the Primary culture base through high-temperature sterilization and is cultivated, and cultivates item Part is 26 DEG C of temperature, intensity of illumination 2400lx, light application time 17h/d, and sterile culture is to sprouting in culturing room.
(3) squamous subculture: moving into the subculture medium through high-temperature sterilization for bud obtained by step (2), is 25 in cultivation temperature DEG C, intensity of illumination 2000lx, light application time cultivate 35-36d under conditions of being 17h/d.
(4) culture of rootage: aseptically, the band base of leaf section that the long 3cm squamous subculture of clip obtains is inserted into culture of rootage Culture of rootage is carried out in base；28 DEG C of cultivation temperature, intensity of illumination 20001x, light application time 15h/d.
The ingredient of Primary culture base are as follows: 6 benzyladenine 1.2mg/L of MS+ N+0 .6mg/L of methyl α-naphthyl acetate+vitamin B1 1 .0mg/L+molasses 3g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.0；
The ingredient of subculture medium are as follows: MS+ N6 benzyladenine 2.1mg/L+ methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.5mg/L+ vitamin B1 0.8mg/L + vitamin C 1.5mg/L+ glutamic acid 2.1mg/L+ molasses 3.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 5.8；
The ingredient of root media are as follows: MS++methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.02mg/L+ indolebutyric acid 0.8mg/L+ heteroauxin 0.2mg/L+ sugar Sweet 4.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.1.
The applicant uses the implantation methods of the embodiment of the present invention 1, has planted 2 mu of sour mouth hawthorn in Guangxi Daxin County, the 3 years per mu yields are 3834kg, and the 4th year per mu yield is 4036kg, and the 5th annual output is 4315kg.70-80 fruit of per kilogram, often A fruit total reducing sugar about 10.35%, total acid about 4.91%, pectin about 2.9%, pulp rate 91.2%.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of implantation methods of acid mouth hawthorn, which is characterized in that the method includes selection of land site preparation, cultivate seedling, grafting, Transplanting, field management, harvesting, particular content are as follows:
(1) it selection of land site preparation: selects to have abundant water resources, the planting site of soil layer is deep, fertile subacidity sandy loam soil as hawthorn；? Month previous year 9-11 of transplanting deep ploughs to soil, depth 40cm-50cm, is embedded to green manure and base manure, and green manure discharges Amount is 100-250 kgs/acre, and base manure release amount is 250-450 kgs/acre；Greenhouse is built, is installed at the top of greenhouse contractile Shading plastic film；
(2) it cultivates seedling: hawthorn tissue-cultured seedling being cultivated using quick breeding by group culture method, 5cm-10cm high is grown to it, has 5- 10 root time shifts enter nutrient bag and are cultivated；
(3) it grafts: when the long supreme 10cm-15cm of seedling, stem thickness 1cm-2cm, staying anvil cutting at the 4-6cm of ground, Stock is cut into 2 half, long incision 0.8-1.5cm；Select sour mouth hawthorn that there is the semi-lignified fringe bar of full axillary-bud or top-bud, Two inclined-planes are cut with knife at the 0.5-0.7cm of axillary bud lower part, top is concordant, long 3-5cm, retains 2-3 axillary bud；Anvil is inserted into scion In wood, it is aligned after forming layer at drug paste cladding grafting, the ratio of auxin and cytokinin 1:24 in mass ratio is mixed 2000 times are diluted afterwards to be sprayed at grafting；
(4) it transplants: after healing completely at the grafting of seedling to be grafted and growing sprouting, carrying out hardening 10-20 days, then by it with soil mud It plants, transplanting seeding row spacing is 3m*2.5m, depth 35cm-45cm, sapling is put into kind of plant hole after backfill and irrigates root water, One layer of fine earth is being spread above again；Sick seedling, dead seedling are removed after 15 days in time, and is filled the gaps with seedlings in time；
(5) field management: hawthorn imposes 3 compound fertilizers, each mu dosage 600kg-750kg every year after surviving；Every year to hawthorn Tree sprays 1-2 plant insecticide；When as a result, when the daily noon sun is big, the shading plastic film of ceiling is opened, is contracted The short photoperiod time makes daily light application time less than 6h, and reduces day and night temperature, and day and night temperature is kept to be lower than 5 DEG C；In Fruit Phase and maturity period carry out drought stress, carry out deficit irrigation；It also needs to repair sick branch, deadwood, overstocked branch, crossing branch every year It cuts, keeps light and airing, reduce disease；
(6) it harvests: in annual 9-10 month, harvesting hawthorn.
2. the implantation methods of sour mouth hawthorn according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the green manure is daghestan sweet clover and/or field Cyanines；The base manure is made of following parts by weight raw material: 20-50 parts of cow dung, 50-70 parts of pig manure, 30-60 parts of filter mud of sugar refinery, sugar Sweet fermentation wastes 10-30 parts, 10-15 parts of pine needle meal, 10-15 parts of spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder, fermentation 1-2 months.
3. the implantation methods of sour mouth hawthorn according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the compound fertilizer is by following parts by weight Raw material composition: 10-15 parts of cow dung, 10-15 parts of methane tank residue, powder 8-10 parts molasses fermented, 10-15 parts of spice all over the mountain branches and leaves powder, 35-38 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 8-12 parts of potassium chloride, 0.01-0.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, Chelating state zinc 0.01-0.2 Part, 0.01-0.2 parts of Chelating state selenium, 0.01-0.2 parts of boric acid, 0.01-0.2 parts of copper sulphate.
4. the implantation methods of sour mouth hawthorn according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the plant insecticide is eucalyptus Leaf, leaf of Chinese ilex, pine needle, camphor leaf, Celastrus angulatus and kuh-seng alcohol extract be diluted with water 6-10 times.
5. the implantation methods of sour mouth hawthorn according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to use quick breeding by group culture method Cultivating tissue-cultured seedling, specific step is as follows:
(1) explant is handled: before early spring rudiment, choosing the semi-lignified stem section of the strong thornbuss of well developed root system, disease resistance, first It is rinsed well with clear water, after blotting paper blots, impregnates 20-25min with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate, then with aseptic water washing 2-3 It is secondary, cleaned stem section is clamped with tweezers, on aseptic operating platform, blots surface moisture, clip 1.5- with the filter paper to sterilize The stem with bud of 2.5cm is as explant；
(2) Primary culture: the explant after sterilizing is inoculated into the Primary culture base through high-temperature sterilization and is cultivated, condition of culture is 24-26 DEG C of temperature, intensity of illumination 2400-2500lx, light application time 16-17h/d, sterile culture is to sprouting in culturing room；
(3) squamous subculture: moving into the subculture medium through high-temperature sterilization for bud obtained by step (2), is 24-25 in cultivation temperature DEG C, intensity of illumination 2000-2500lx, light application time cultivate 35-36d under conditions of being 16-17h/d；
(4) culture of rootage: aseptically, the band base of leaf section that the long 2-3cm squamous subculture of clip obtains is inserted into root media Middle carry out culture of rootage；26-28 DEG C of cultivation temperature, intensity of illumination 2000-22001x, light application time 15h/d；
The ingredient of Primary culture base are as follows: 6 benzyladenine 1.2mg/L of MS+ N+0 .6mg/L of methyl α-naphthyl acetate+vitamin B1 1 .0mg/L+molasses 3g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.0；
The ingredient of subculture medium are as follows: MS+ N6 benzyladenine 2.1mg/L+ methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.5mg/L+ vitamin B1 0.8mg/L+ Vitamin C 1.5mg/L+ glutamic acid 2.1mg/L+ molasses 3.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 5.8；
The ingredient of root media are as follows: MS++methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.02mg/L+ indolebutyric acid 0.8mg/L+ heteroauxin 0.2mg/L+ sugar Sweet 4.5g/L+ agar 4g/L, culture medium pH value are 6.1.
6. the implantation methods of sour mouth hawthorn according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the nutrient bag by coco bran+thin river sand+ Biomass carbon is used as matrix according to the ratio mixing of volume ratio (2-3): 5:0.5.
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