CN110331514A - 稳定可变形织物 - Google Patents

稳定可变形织物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110331514A
CN110331514A CN201910240660.XA CN201910240660A CN110331514A CN 110331514 A CN110331514 A CN 110331514A CN 201910240660 A CN201910240660 A CN 201910240660A CN 110331514 A CN110331514 A CN 110331514A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fabric
fiber
method described
mold
woven webs
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN201910240660.XA
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English (en)
Inventor
K·科伊歇尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Spurn Faber Co Ltd
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Spurn Faber Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Spurn Faber Co Ltd filed Critical Spurn Faber Co Ltd
Publication of CN110331514A publication Critical patent/CN110331514A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
    • B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
    • B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
    • B29B15/105—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcement of definite length with a matrix in solid form, e.g. powder, fibre or sheet form
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    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种生产稳定织物的方法，包括:1)提供由增强纤维形成的第一织物，2)在所述第一织物的至少一侧上提供由软化温度低于所述增强纤维的纤维制成的非织造纤维网，以形成结构，3)将所述结构加热到所述非织造纤维网的软化温度和熔化温度之间的温度，以及4)冷却所述结构，从而提供稳定的二维织物。在优选实施例中，在加热步骤3)之前，将步骤2)的结构放入模具中，根据步骤3)在模具中加热所述结构，根据步骤4)在模具中冷却所述结构，从而提供三维成形制品。还提供了通过这些方法生产的产品。

Description

稳定可变形织物
技术领域
本发明涉及工业应用中常用的稳定的纺织品，例如防弹背心。本发明还涉及它们的制造方法。
背景技术
纺织品的稳定性多年来一直是个问题。在1942年6月11日接受的英国专利说明书545,770中，公开了一种稳定纺织品尺寸的工艺。该工艺包括提供含有潜在粘性纤维的纺织品，这种潜在粘性纤维通过在纺丝前将至少一种在加热时具有固有粘性的热塑性纤维和纺织纤维混合在一起而生产。加热后，热塑性纤维基本上永久粘附在织物中的纺织纤维上，从而提供尺寸稳定性。
在1976年1月7日接受的英国专利说明书1,420,517中公开了一种稳定织造纺织品结构的工艺。该工艺包括提供由多组分薄膜形成的带，该多组分薄膜具有的组分具有相对较低的软化温度。在稳定这种纺织品结构之前，将这种带织成纺织品结构。纺织品结构的稳定是通过将纺织品结构加热到低软化温度组分的软化温度与熔化温度之间的温度来实现的，使得该组分粘结到纺织品结构上，从而提供尺寸稳定性。
在1997年11月25日发布的美国专利5,691,030中，公开了一种生产稳定织物和含有这种织物的增强产品的工艺。提供了一种粘结织物，其包括在长丝交叉点粘结在一起的芯鞘型长丝网。可以用来提供增强的一种方法是围绕诸如玻璃、芳族聚酰胺或碳之类的纱线用熔点比主增强纱线低的另一种纱线进行纺丝、芯织、包覆或加捻，并通过施加热和压力将低熔点纱线粘结到增强纱线上来制造复合材料。
发明内容
提供了一种生产稳定织物的方法，该稳定织物设计用于生产成形制品，该方法包括:1)提供由增强纤维形成的第一织物，2)在所述第一织物的至少一侧上提供由软化温度低于所述增强纤维的纤维生产的非织造纤维网，以形成结构，3)将所述结构加热到所述非织造纤维网的软化温度与熔化温度之间的温度，以及4)冷却所述结构，从而提供稳定的二维织物。在优选实施例中，在加热步骤3)之前，将步骤2)的结构放入一模具中，根据步骤3)在模具中加热所述结构，根据步骤4)在模具中冷却所述结构，从而提供三维成形制品。提供通过这些方法生产的产品。或者，非织造纤维网可以直接形成在增强纤维织物的表面上。
附图说明
图1是在一侧涂有Spunfab聚烯烃PO4208非织造纤维网的A&P TX碳编织纤维扁平纤维基材的视图。
图2是在一侧涂有Spunfab聚酰胺PA1203非织造纤维网的A&P TX碳纤维编织扁平纤维基材的视图。
图3是在一侧涂有Spunfab聚烯烃PO4208非织造纤维网的A&P芳族聚酰胺编织扁平纤维基材的视图。
图4是在一侧涂有Spunfab聚酰胺PA203非织造纤维网的A&P芳族聚酰胺扁平纤维基材的视图。图1至图4中描述的基材的生产在下面的示例1中描述。
具体实施方式
由纤维如陶瓷、聚α芳族聚酰胺或碳纤维形成的高模量织物模制三维形状尤其困难。通常的结果是织物中有大间隙的扭曲材料，特别是如果织物由斜纹或编织纤维材料制成。用非织造纤维网稳定高模量织物有助于显著稳定高模量增强纤维织物，以便更好地处理，这是通过使织物变形而不丧失其完整性实现的。这提供了形成三维形状或保持非三维形状的稳定织物对准的能力。这也使得能够利用弹性非织造纤维网生产稳定的+/-45度织物。如果没有稳定非织造纤维网，当三维成形材料在机器方向或横向受到应力或拉伸时，材料经常在该方向扭曲，同时保持基本完整。目前+/-45°不稳定的编织物的生产通常与载体一起装运，以保持宽度和稳定性。
非织造纤维网由软化温度低于增强纤维软化温度的热塑性纤维形成。热塑性纤维优选是聚酰胺或聚烯烃，例如聚乙烯或聚丙烯，并且可以是弹性纤维，这可以促进模制过程。其他优选的热塑性纤维是:共聚烯烃、聚氨酯、共聚酯、聚醚嵌段酰胺如聚酯弹性体如苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯聚合物、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯聚合物、聚醚酮酮聚合物、聚苯硫醚聚合物和聚醚醚酮聚合物。
增强纤维优选地选自碳纤维、陶瓷纤维、聚α-芳族聚酰胺纤维、弹性聚氨酯纤维如聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维如尼龙、聚丙烯、超高分子量聚乙烯、熔纺液晶聚合物纤维如和聚乙烯醇纤维如组成的组。如果增强纤维织物是一侧具有非织造纤维网的管状编织莱卡(Lycra)纤维，则本工艺也可用于生产体育用品。这种产品可以根据女性外形模制，然后用于运动服或时装织物。非织造纤维网可以直接形成在增强纤维织物的表面上。
示例I
大约3平方码的A&P芳族聚酰胺编织纤维和A&P TX-45编织碳纤维基材的一侧涂覆有Spunfab共聚酰胺PA1203(6克/克平方米)或Spunfab聚烯烃PO4208(6克/平方米)的非织造纤维网。将涂覆的芳族聚酰胺基材切成4英寸×4英寸的正方形。涂覆的碳纤维基材被切成4.5英寸的圆。将这些基材中的每一个放置在矩形托盘上，并在预热至约280华氏度的烘箱中放置30-40秒。
示例II
在加热步骤之前，将示例1的基材中的每一个放入半径约为1.5英寸的不锈钢半球形铝模具中，然后放入加热到300华氏度的烘箱中，持续30-40秒。将含有热织物的模具在4盎司压力下冷却至约160华氏度，打开模具，取出稳定后的织物。稳定后织物的三维形状得以保持，并且织物的尺寸基本保持不变。
示例III
在加热步骤之后，将示例1的基材中每一个放置在半径约为1.5英寸的半球形不锈钢模具中。将包含先前加热的基材的模具放置于保持在300华氏度的烘箱中的金属托盘上，再放置10秒钟。将模具从烘箱中取出，并在大气压下冷却。将成形结构从模具中取出并保持模具的形状。
该工艺特别适用于由编织的高模量纱线形成的成形制品，例如陶瓷、碳或聚α-芳族聚酰胺纤维，可购自杜邦公司(Dupont)。这种稳定后的织物可以以三维形式或二维形式用于防弹背心。当使用碳纤维时，三维成形制品可用作汽车变速器壳体、汽车座椅背板和其他成形制品，例如女性胸部支撑件和运动服。
当在待稳定的织物表面上施加或最初形成非织造纤维网时，弹性或非弹性非织造纤维网可用于生产基本扁平的稳定材料。然后，扁平材料可以被加热到非织造纤维网的软化温度与熔化温度之间的温度，然后被放置在模具中以形成成形制品。位于待稳定织物表面的非织造纤维网可以是：弹性或非弹性、连续或非连续、单层或多层织物。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于生产稳定织物的方法，所述稳定织物被设计用于生产成形制品，所述方法包括:1)提供由增强纤维形成的第一织物，2)在所述第一织物的至少一侧上提供由软化温度低于所述增强纤维的软化温度的纤维生产的至少一个非织造纤维网，以形成结构，3)将所述结构加热到构成所述非织造纤维网的纤维的所述软化温度与熔化温度之间的温度，以及5)冷却所述结构，从而提供稳定的二维织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，步骤2)的所述结构在加热步骤3)之前被放入一模具中，根据步骤3)加热所述模具中的所述结构，在热时被放入一模具中，然后根据步骤5)冷却所述模具中的所述结构，从而提供三维成形制品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述非织造纤维网由热塑性纤维形成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述热塑性纤维是聚酰胺或共聚酰胺。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述弹性热塑性纤维是聚烯烃或共聚烯烃、聚氨酯、聚酯或共聚酯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述增强纤维选自由碳纤维、陶瓷纤维和聚α-芳族聚酰胺纤维组成的组。
7.一种生产稳定的三维织物的方法，
包括:1)提供由增强纤维形成的第一织物，2)在所述第一织物的至少一侧上提供由软化点低于所述增强纤维的纤维形成的至少一个非织造纤维网，以形成结构，3)将步骤2)的所述结构置于模具中，4)将所述模具中的所述结构加热至所述非织造纤维网的软化温度与熔化温度之间的温度，以及5)冷却所述模具中的所述结构，6)从所述模具中取出所述结构，从而提供稳定的三维织物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述非织造纤维网由热塑性纤维形成。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述热塑性纤维是聚酰胺或共聚酰胺。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述增强纤维选自由碳纤维、陶瓷纤维和聚α-芳族聚酰胺纤维组成的组。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述弹性热塑性纤维是聚烯烃或共聚烯烃、聚氨酯、聚酯或共聚酯。
12.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述增强纤维选自由碳纤维、陶瓷纤维和聚α-芳族聚酰胺纤维组成的组。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法生产的产品。
14.根据权利要求7所述的方法生产的产品。
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