CN110325399B - 车辆座椅控制台 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种车辆座椅控制台,包括至少一个车辆侧导向元件(32、34)和至少一个平行于车辆侧导向元件(32、34)设置的座椅侧导向元件(22、24)以及由驱动装置(40)通过传递装置(44)加载的纵向调节装置(41、41'),该纵向调节装置构造用于引起车辆侧导向元件(32、34)和座椅侧导向元件(22、24)之间的相对移动,其特征在于,所述纵向调节装置(41、41')和/或传递装置(44)设有至少一个能量吸收装置(47、48),该能量吸收装置构造用于阻尼车辆侧导向元件(32、34)和座椅侧导向元件(22、24)之间的冲击式相对运动。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆座椅控制台。本发明还涉及一种车辆座椅和配备有车辆座椅的车辆。
背景技术
在传统机动车中,在发生碰撞的情况下、例如在追尾事故中通过靠背和座椅侧向部件的塑性变形减小乘客基于其惯性传递到座椅上的大部分能量。这伴随着靠背的后移。必须如此限制座椅靠背的这种靠背位移,使得座椅仍然提供足够的支撑并且乘客不会从座椅滑出。在非常高的能量输入下、例如当前部碰撞发生在朝后的座椅时,即当乘客背对行进方向坐着时,这种结构达到其极限。座椅可能无法通过其有限的变形以保持低加速度值所需的程度吸收由碰撞引入的加速能量。沿车辆纵向方向需要新的变形行程,以便也对于这样的座椅布置限制乘客加速度值,即尤其是当在传统座椅布置中发生后部碰撞时,当乘客坐在与行进方向相反定向的车辆座椅上或当乘客处于朝前的躺卧位置中并且没有支撑在安全带中而是支撑在座垫中时发生前部碰撞时。
由DE 100 33 340 C1已知一种用于车辆的座椅固定装置,其包括至少一个导轨,在该导轨中车辆座椅可运动地设置在车辆中,并且该导轨具有至少一个脚部元件,该脚部元件将导轨与车辆底板连接。每个脚部元件构造为在碰撞情况下吸收能量的变形元件。
由DE 102 49 237 A1已知一种具有用于尾部碰撞的变形元件的车辆座椅装置。该车辆座椅可纵向移动地支承在支承导轨中,该支承导轨这样固定在车辆底盘上,使得其在前部可纵向移动地与底盘连接并且在后部可纵向且向上移动地支承在车辆底盘中。此外,设置有变形元件,其在尾部碰撞情况下并且在支承导轨相对于车辆底盘移动时吸收能量。该变形元件在支承导轨的后端部区域中设置在该支承导轨和底盘之间。
DE 698 27 506 T2示出并描述一种具有座椅靠背倾斜度调节装置的车辆座椅,该座椅靠背倾斜度调节装置在座椅靠背于座椅上的铰接区域中设有阻尼装置,座椅靠背在尾部碰撞时以受阻尼的方式执行逆着行进方向定向的两级阻尼枢转运动。在此,通过座椅靠背的受阻尼的向后枢转阻尼尾部碰撞冲击,这只能在较小的角度范围内进行,以防坐在座椅上的人在过于倾斜的靠背上向后滑动。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于提供一种同类型的车辆座椅控制台,其在通过座椅靠背最佳地支撑坐在车辆座椅上的人的情况下尽可能大地阻尼作用在坐在车辆座椅上的人的冲击力,该冲击力通过碰撞传递到车辆上。此外,还提出一种包括这种座椅控制台的车辆座椅和包括至少一个这种车辆座椅的车辆。
针对车辆座椅控制台的任务部分借助权利要求1的特征来解决。
为此在车辆座椅控制台中——其设有至少一个车辆侧导向元件和至少一个平行于车辆侧导向元件设置的座椅侧导向元件以及由驱动装置通过传递装置加载的纵向调节装置,该纵向调节装置构造用于引起车辆侧导向元件和座椅侧导向元件之间的相对移动——规定,所述纵向调节装置和/或传递装置设有至少一个能量吸收装置,该能量吸收装置构造用于阻尼在车辆侧导向元件和座椅侧导向元件之间的冲击式相对运动。
能量吸收装置确保通过车辆侧导向元件引入车辆座椅控制台的冲击力在其作用在座椅侧导向元件之前被阻尼并因此被减弱,所述车辆侧导向元件例如由与车辆结构固定连接的座椅固定装置的下导轨构成,所述车辆侧导向元件例如由与车辆座椅连接或可连接的座椅固定装置的上导轨构成。这种冲击力例如出现在车辆碰撞中。
根据本发明的车辆座椅控制台的其它优选和有利的设计特征是从属权利要求2至8的主题。
在根据本发明的车辆座椅控制台的一种有利实施方式中,所述纵向调节装置具有非自锁的平移运动单元或构成这种平移运动单元,其将车辆侧导向元件和座椅侧导向元件彼此耦合。纵向调节装置的这种设计允许通过车辆侧导向元件引入纵向调节装置的冲击力继续传递至能量吸收装置。在车辆侧导向元件和能量吸收装置之间的力流因此不会被自锁元件阻挡,从而冲击力可传导至能量吸收装置,且不会在纵向调节装置和可选的传递装置的相对可移动的部件中触发任何阻挡。
在此特别有利的是,相应平移运动单元包括平行于所述导向元件的纵向延伸方向延伸的齿条以及与所述齿条啮合的小齿轮,所述小齿轮与驱动装置机械耦合。这种齿条传动机构与传统蜗杆轴传动机构相比具有这样的优点,即它在冲击力作用下不会产生具有自锁效应。
也有利的是,能量吸收装置设置在驱动装置和非自锁的平移运动单元之间。由此,能量吸收装置在力流中尽可能靠近冲击力的引入点设置。
在此尤为有利的是,能量吸收装置具有至少一个旋转力限制元件、如扭杆。这种旋转力限制元件可在没有大的阻尼或减速的情况下传递由驱动装置大致均匀地施加以实现在两个导向元件之间的纵向调节的旋转力,而这种旋转力限制元件进行缓冲并且因此阻尼冲击式(impulsartig)出现的力峰值。例如构造为扭杆的旋转力限制元件也可有利地设计成多级的,以便例如实现递增或递减的缓冲作用,由此使能量吸收效果随时间变化或可响应不同程度的能量输入。也可规定,控制力限制的方向,以便根据座椅是朝向行进方向定向还是逆着行进方向向后旋转来调整能量吸收装置。这意味着旋转力限制元件或旋转力限制元件装置的力-行程特性曲线在两个相反的旋转方向上是不同的。能量吸收装置的能量吸收能力、如扭杆的塑性变形也可设计成可调节的,从而可根据车辆座椅的座椅占用情况提供更大或更小或甚至不提供能量吸收效果。
优选能量吸收装置具有用于扭杆的行程限制装置。这些行程限制装置不仅用于保护能量吸收装置免受损坏,而且还能使被阻尼的冲击力以受控的方式传递。
根据本发明的车辆座椅控制台的一种实施方式也是有利的,其中自锁运动单元设置在驱动装置和能量吸收装置之间。因此,自锁运动单元——其在正常运行时实现座椅调节装置的可动部件的所需固定——在其未被操作时不处于在碰撞时引入纵向调节装置中的冲击力和能量吸收装置之间的力流中并且在那里不干扰力流,但在正常运行中可向纵向调节装置施加希望的自锁效应。
在此有利的是,自锁运动单元由蜗杆轴传动机构构成或包括这种蜗杆轴传动机构。
本发明还涉及一种包括根据本发明的车辆座椅控制台的车辆座椅以及配备有至少一个这种车辆座椅的车辆、尤其是机动车,本发明不限于汽车,而是也可用于其它陆地车辆以及飞机和船舶。
本发明的基本构思——即在车辆底盘或车辆结构与安装在其上的、可纵向调节的车辆座椅之间的座椅纵向调节装置的力流中设置能量吸收装置——不限于本文描述的机械纵向调节装置。本发明也可如此实现,即纵向调节装置例如借助线性电动机电磁地进行,在此能量吸收装置可由涡流制动器构成。
附图说明
下面参考附图详细描述和说明具有附加设计细节和其它优点的本发明的优选实施例。附图如下:
图1示出根据本发明的座椅控制台的平面示意图;
图2示出座椅控制台沿图1中箭头II方向的侧视图的局部;
图3示出配备有根据本发明的车辆座椅控制台的副驾座椅的示意图,该副驾座椅具有逆着行进方向的定向。
具体实施方式
图1以示意性平面图示出根据本发明的车辆座椅控制台。车辆座椅控制台1将车辆座椅2与车辆3的底盘30连接,如图3中示意性所示。为此车辆座椅控制台具有沿车辆纵向方向定向的导向元件32、34,即一个与车辆底板31固定连接的右下导轨33和一个也与车辆底板31固定连接的左下导轨35。所述下导轨33、35平行于车辆纵向轴线X。安装在车辆座椅2上的上导轨23、25以传统方式与所述下导轨33、35滑动嵌接。所述上导轨23、25构成座椅侧导向元件22、24。在下导轨33、35和上导轨23、25之间分别构造有未在图中详细示出和描述的滑动面,该滑动面优选设有或涂覆有润滑剂。代替滑动面也可设置滚动轴承、如滚珠轴承。
在右下导轨33和左下导轨35内或旁边分别安装有固定在车辆上的齿条36、38,所述齿条大致在相应下导轨33、35的长度上延伸。在所示示例中相应齿条36、38的齿部37、39向上定向,从而各齿指向车辆座椅2。
在车辆座椅2上在座椅底部20的下侧上设有座椅调节机构4。该座椅调节机构4包括驱动装置40、如电动机,其与沿车辆横向方向(y)延伸的驱动轴42连接并且对该驱动轴加载驱动力。在驱动轴42的相应左端部或右端部上各一个齿轮(小齿轮)43、45与驱动轴42无相对转动地连接,相应齿轮43、45这样设置,使得它们位于相应配设的车辆侧导向元件32、34的相应齿条36、38上方并且与相应齿部37、39啮合。由驱动装置40加载的驱动轴的旋转引起安装在驱动轴42相应端部上的齿轮43、45的旋转,所述齿轮随后基于与相应相配的齿条36、38的啮合沿行进方向F向前或向后移动并且在如图2中通过双向箭头P所示的方向上带动车辆座椅2。下导轨33、35、上导轨23、25、齿条36、38和齿轮43、45以这种方式分别构成用于车辆座椅2的纵向调节装置41、41'。相应纵向调节装置41、41'在此构成非自锁的平移运动单元。
驱动轴42构成用于将由驱动装置40施加的扭矩传递到相应纵向调节装置41、41'的传递装置44。
为了使车辆座椅2在正常情况下不会通过适度的外力施加而意外移动,在驱动装置40和驱动轴42之间设置自锁运动单元46,其例如具有蜗杆轴传动机构。
在该自锁运动单元46和纵向调节装置41的右齿轮43或左齿轮45之间分别设有能量吸收装置47、48,该能量吸收装置在所示示例中集成在驱动轴42中。例如驱动轴42在该区域中构造为扭杆。
在车辆3与障碍物或其它车辆发生较强碰撞的情况下(在此时碰撞力具有沿车辆纵向方向x的主要分量),车辆3通过冲击式出现的碰撞力正(尾部碰撞)或负(前部碰撞)加速。在这种加速下车辆座椅2连同坐在其上的人基于该人和车辆座椅2的惯性质量在根据本发明的车辆座椅的情况下首先保持初始速度,而车辆3已经承受由碰撞引起的加速触发的速度变化。这导致与底盘30固定连接的车辆侧导向元件32、34和与车辆座椅2固定连接的座椅侧导向元件22、24的相对运动。在此,相应齿轮43、45在相配的齿条36、38上滚动并且在驱动轴42的相应外部区段42'、42”中引起旋转运动。该旋转运动导致在相应的能量吸收装置47、48、如设置在那里的扭杆中的扭转。由此减弱并且阻尼由驱动轴的相应外部区段42'、42”冲击式施加的扭矩。因此由基于碰撞相对于齿轮轴运动的齿条37、39驱动的相应齿轮43、45可稍微转动,而齿轮轴、即驱动轴42不会立即沿图2中所示的双向箭头P方向并且以相同的冲击式加速一起运动。通过由相应能量吸收装置47、48阻尼该冲击式碰撞使齿轮轴沿双向箭头P方向的运动在时间上延迟并且以较低的——因为被阻尼——加速度进行。因此,由碰撞引起的加速度冲击被延迟且被阻尼地传递到车辆座椅和因此坐在车辆座椅上的人。
图3以示意图示出具有与行进方向F相反的视向的副驾座椅的布置,即车辆座椅2以其座椅靠背21朝向车辆3的仪表板30'。在此以实线显示的车辆座椅2和坐在其上的人表示正常座椅位置并且以虚线显示表示在发生正面碰撞时出现的车辆座椅2连同坐在其上的人沿行进方向F的向前移动,这能在根据本发明的车辆座椅2中通过根据本发明的车辆座椅控制台实现。在此可以看出,车辆座椅靠背21的倾斜度变化仅在很小程度上发生。在传统的车辆座椅中(其中座椅底部20在碰撞情况下与车辆刚性连接),基于惯性的、由人施加的力只能由车辆座椅靠背21吸收,这可导致朝向仪表板30'方向较大的靠背倾斜,直至车辆座椅靠背21与仪表板30'碰撞。
尽管本文参考在左侧驾驶车辆中相应于副驾座椅的右前方车辆座椅来描述本发明,但本发明也可实现在前座椅排、后座椅排或中间座椅排中的任何其它车辆座椅上。而且所描述的本发明的使用也与座椅面向行进方向还是背向行进方向无关。
本发明不限于上述实施例,其仅用于概括地解释本发明的核心思想。在保护范围内,根据本发明的装置也可使用不同于上述实施方式的其它实施方式。在此,所述装置尤其是可具有这样的特征,其构成权利要求相应单个特征的组合。
权利要求书、说明书和附图中的附图标记仅用于更好地理解本发明并且不应限制保护范围。
附图标记列表
1 车辆座椅控制台
2 车辆座椅
3 车辆
22 座椅侧导向元件
23 上导轨
24 座椅侧导向元件
25 上导轨
30 底盘
30' 仪表板
31 车辆底板
31' 仪表板
32 车辆侧导向元件
33 下导轨
34 车辆侧导向元件
35 下导轨
36 齿条
37 齿部
38 齿条
39 齿部
40 驱动装置
41 纵向调节装置
41' 纵向调节装置
42 驱动轴
42' 外部区段
42” 外部区段
43 齿轮(小齿轮)
44 传递装置
45 齿轮(小齿轮)
46 自锁运动单元
47 能量吸收装置
48 能量吸收装置
P 双向箭头
Claims (11)
1.车辆座椅控制台,包括至少一个车辆侧导向元件(32、34)和至少一个平行于车辆侧导向元件(32、34)设置的座椅侧导向元件(22、24)以及由驱动装置(40)通过传递装置(44)加载的纵向调节装置(41、41'),该纵向调节装置构造用于引起在车辆侧导向元件(32、34)和座椅侧导向元件(22、24)之间的相对移动,其特征在于,所述纵向调节装置(41、41')和/或传递装置(44)设有至少一个能量吸收装置(47、48),该能量吸收装置构造用于阻尼在车辆侧导向元件(32、34)和座椅侧导向元件(22、24)之间的冲击式的相对运动,所述纵向调节装置(41、41')具有非自锁的平移运动单元或构成非自锁的平移运动单元,所述非自锁的平移运动单元将车辆侧导向元件(32、34)和座椅侧导向元件(22、24)彼此耦合,所述能量吸收装置(47、48)设置在驱动装置(40)和非自锁的平移运动单元之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆座椅控制台,其特征在于,相应的平移运动单元包括平行于导向元件(22、24、32、34)的纵向延伸方向延伸的齿条以及与所述齿条啮合的小齿轮(43、45),所述小齿轮(43、45)与驱动装置(40)机械耦合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆座椅控制台,其特征在于,所述能量吸收装置(47、48)具有至少一个扭杆。
4.根据权利要求2所述的车辆座椅控制台,其特征在于,所述能量吸收装置(47、48)具有至少一个扭杆。
5.根据权利要求3所述的车辆座椅控制台,其特征在于,所述能量吸收装置(47、48)具有用于扭杆的行程限制装置。
6.根据权利要求4所述的车辆座椅控制台,其特征在于,所述能量吸收装置(47、48)具有用于扭杆的行程限制装置。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的车辆座椅控制台,其特征在于,在所述驱动装置(40)和能量吸收装置(47、48)之间设有自锁运动单元(46)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的车辆座椅控制台,其特征在于,所述自锁运动单元(46)由蜗杆轴传动机构构成或包括蜗杆轴传动机构。
9.车辆座椅,包括根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的车辆座椅控制台。
10.车辆,包括至少一个根据权利要求9所述的车辆座椅。
11.根据权利要求10所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述车辆是机动车。
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CN105358368A (zh) * | 2013-06-16 | 2016-02-24 | 株式会社三角工具加工 | 动力式可调座椅滑动装置及交通工具用座椅 |
CN204184435U (zh) * | 2014-06-13 | 2015-03-04 | 王洁梅 | 一种汽车转向机的油路系统 |
CN106347176A (zh) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-01-25 | 布罗泽汽车部件制造科堡有限公司 | 具有用于调节靠背的非自锁的驱动装置的车辆座椅 |
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DE102017203177A1 (de) | 2018-08-30 |
EP3585645B1 (de) | 2021-06-09 |
US11059400B2 (en) | 2021-07-13 |
CN110325399A (zh) | 2019-10-11 |
EP3585645A1 (de) | 2020-01-01 |
WO2018154061A1 (de) | 2018-08-30 |
US20190351794A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
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