CN110268941B - Cultivation method of artemisia selengensis in plain area - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of artemisia selengensis in plain areas, which leads the artemisia selengensis to bloom in the plain areas through a proper cultivation management method, solves the technical difficulty of cultivation and blooming of the artemisia selengensis in the plain areas, makes it possible for domestic plain areas to appreciate the artemisia selengensis, saves the transportation cost, improves the display effect of plants, prolongs the display time of the plants and has strong relative adaptability of the plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of artemisia selengensis, in particular to a cultivation method of artemisia selengensis in plain areas.
Background
The Qinghai-Tibet plateau is a unique natural geographic unit in China, the unique natural environment conditions breed various and unique plant resources, the Qinghai-Tibet plateau has pure natural characteristics, plateau plants adapt to the special natural environment conditions of plateau areas for a long time, and a plurality of unique physiological-ecological characteristics of the plateau are formed.
Artemisia selengensis is a plant of annual or perennial origin, and Artemisia selengensis of the Papaveraceae family, a well-known ornamental plant. Artemisia annua belongs to 49 species, 1 species produces Western Europe, and the other 48 species are distributed in Himalayan region of China in east Asia. There are 38 species in our country, and they are distributed in the southwest. Modern molecular biology research results show that the artemisia annua belongs to a special group of Qinghai-Tibet plateau areas of the tunnel, most of the species are distributed in China and are special for China, and grow on the front edge of a rock flow beach and a glacier with the altitude of more than three thousand to four thousand meters, which is called as 'Gaoshan peony'. The artemisia selengensis not only has bright color and high ornamental value, but also can be used as a medicine for treating diseases in some varieties. Such as: the herb of the complete artemisia integrifolia and the artemisia nepalensis has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, clearing heat and relieving cough, collecting leaves before flowers are used for treating gastric acid regurgitation, reducing fever and promoting vomiting, diminishing inflammation and treating traumatic fracture. The general artemisia selengensis, brother nationalities also known as red American ginseng and snow ginseng, is used as a medicine for treating qi deficiency, edema, asthma and other diseases, and has the functions of tonifying middle-jiao and Qi.
In the middle and late stages of the 19 th century, a large number of foreign plant hunters come to the southwest region of China, and here they see green artemisia with blue dream flowers, which are deeply shocked, and are advocated as "world famous flowers", which are named after the whole plant is villous or bristled. After many times of introduction, many kinds of artemisia selengensis are introduced and survive abroad, and after many years of cross breeding, a large number of hybrid varieties are formed and are displayed by mass application.
Unfortunately, in China, the extracted miracle flowers of artemisia selengensis have been buried in Chongshan mountains and steep mountains for a long time, are not appreciated and valued by Chinese people, and only some areas such as the Qinghai, the Tibet, the Yunnan and the like carry out related work such as resource investigation, but have not been successful. Due to the influence of climatic factors such as altitude, temperature and the like, the introduction and cultivation of the artemisia selengensis in plain areas of China are difficult to realize, and no relevant report of a cultivation method of the artemisia selengensis in the plain areas exists at present.
At present, the artemisia plant can be displayed in the plain area through cultivation and maintenance in high-altitude areas such as Yunnan, and then the artemisia plant is transported to the plain area for displaying after budding. However, this method has the following disadvantages: (1) the plants are tender, particularly stems, are slender and soft, are easy to break, and seriously affect the ornamental effect; (2) environmental conditions are not easy to control in the transportation process, and plants can be seriously damaged and even die due to severe change of temperature and humidity; (3) the transportation cost is too high; (4) the adaptability of the plants in the year of the plants after being transported to plain areas is poor, and the continuous growth of the plants is greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of artemisia selengensis in plain areas, which can well solve the display application of artemisia selengensis in specific environments of plain areas, save the transportation cost, improve the display effect of plants, prolong the display time of the plants and has strong relative adaptability of the plants.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method of artemisia selengensis in plain areas comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing: soaking the seeds in clean water for 24 hours at room temperature before sowing, enabling the seeds to germinate more orderly and consistently, sowing and raising the seedlings in a culture dish or a plug tray, carrying out illumination for 12 hours and dark treatment for 12 hours after sowing, and maintaining the temperature at 20 ℃ during the illumination treatment and 10 ℃ during the dark treatment; or the temperature is maintained at 15-20 ℃ during light and dark treatment;
(2) transplanting: transplanting is carried out when the seedling grows out a pair of true leaves, and transplanting and seedling growing are carried out through the matrix block; because the root system is very tender, the root system, especially the root and stem, is not damaged during transplanting;
(3) potting: when the root system in the substrate block grows full and extends out, the root system starts to be potted; the specific method for potting comprises the following steps: the first step is potting: when the root system grows to be full of the matrix block and the plant grows to 4-6 leaves, planting the matrix block in a 8cm pot; secondly, changing the basin: when the root system grows to be full of a small pot with 8cm and grows from the bottom, and the plant grows to 8-10 leaves, the pot is changed into a pot with 13 cm; thirdly, field planting: when the root system grows to be full of a 13cm pot and grows from the bottom, and the plant grows to 15-18 leaves, the plant is planted in the 18cm pot; the potting soil is loose and breathable nutrient soil, and 5-10% of ceramsite is doped in the soil, so that the drainage and breathability of the soil are improved;
(4) illumination: in a sunlight room, the minimum illumination intensity is ensured to be 100 mu mol/m by supplementing light through an LED lamp2S, enabling the illumination to be not less than 10 hours in winter through a light supplement measure;
(5) and (3) fertilizer and water management: watering the soil to be dry and wet, purifying the water by using a water purifier, adding 300ppm of growth compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 20 to 10 to 20 when watering each time in the early stage, and watering clear water once after 3-5 times of water fertilization to help the soil to discharge salt which cannot be absorbed;
(6) when the plant grows in a pot with the length of 18cm until the root system is full, putting the plant into a cold storage for 10-16 weeks to carry out dormancy vernalization; all the Artemisia plants can bloom only by vernalization, and when the plants grow to a certain size, the plants can be put into a refrigeration house at about 0 ℃ for forced dormancy; the maintenance of soil moisture during vernalization is essential, plants in a cold storage are frequently checked, water is supplemented in the cold storage every 2-3 weeks on average, and the soil moisture is maintained at 15-18%; namely, the soil can be held into a mass state and is scattered in a beating mode;
(7) after the vernalization is finished, putting the green wormwood into a pot to enable the green wormwood to recover growth, and controlling the pH value of soil to be below 7; the bud stage begins after 8-10 weeks of vegetative growth, the growth compound fertilizer is changed into a high-phosphorus high-potassium compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 10 to 20, the temperature at night is ensured to be 2-10 ℃, and the flowering consistency is ensured.
Preferably, the culture dish is placed in a climatic chamber when used for raising seedlings.
Preferably, the substrate block is a 24mm substrate block manufactured by Jeffy, netherlands.
Further, the soil pH may be adjusted with ferrous sulfate at a concentration of 0.1%, preferably, growth is optimized when the soil pH is 6.14.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention leads the artemisia selengensis to bloom in the plain area through a proper cultivation management method, solves the technical difficulty of cultivating and blooming the artemisia selengensis in the plain area, leads the appreciation of the artemisia selengensis in the plain area in China to be possible, belongs to the first creation, and the flower is already shown in Beijing plantations at present.
The invention can well solve the display application of the artemisia selengensis in the specific environment of the plain area, saves the transportation cost, improves the display effect of the plants, prolongs the display time of the plants and has strong relative adaptability of the plants.
Compared with flowers which are cultivated and maintained in high altitude areas such as Yunnan and then transported to plain areas for display after buds emerge, the method has the characteristics of reducing transportation cost and loss and being more suitable for climate in plain areas. Compared with flowers grown in plateau areas, the single flower period of the artemisia selengensis cultivated by the method is prolonged, the number of the flowers is increased, and compared with the artemisia selengensis cultivated successfully by introduction, the color of the flowers is biased to blue from purple.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained by means of specific embodiments, however, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Unless otherwise specified, the present invention is carried out by conventional methods, and various materials and reagents are commercially available.
Example 1
A cultivation method of artemisia selengensis in plain areas comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing: soaking the seeds for 24 hours at room temperature by using clean water before sowing, enabling the seeds to germinate more orderly and consistently, then putting the seeds into an artificial climate box in a culture dish for sowing and seedling, carrying out 12-hour illumination and 12-hour dark treatment after sowing, and maintaining the temperature of 20 ℃ during illumination treatment and 10 ℃ during dark treatment;
(2) transplanting: transplanting is performed when the seedling grows out of a pair of true leaves, and transplanting and seedling growth are performed by a matrix block (24 mm matrix block produced by Jeffy Co., Netherlands); because the root system is very tender, the root system, especially the root and stem, is not damaged during transplanting;
(3) potting: when the root system in the substrate block grows full and extends out, the root system starts to be potted; the specific method for potting comprises the following steps: the first step is potting: when the root system grows to be full of the matrix block and the plant grows to 4-6 leaves, planting the matrix block in a 8cm pot; secondly, changing the basin: when the root system grows to be full of a small pot with 8cm and grows from the bottom, and the plant grows to 8-10 leaves, the pot is changed into a pot with 13 cm; thirdly, field planting: when the root system grows to be full of a 13cm pot and grows from the bottom, and the plant grows to 15-18 leaves, the plant is planted in the 18cm pot; loose and breathable nutrient soil is selected as potting soil, and 5% of ceramsite is doped into the potting soil; the drainage and air permeability of the soil are increased;
(4) illumination: in a sunlight room, the minimum illumination intensity is ensured to be 100 mu mol/m by supplementing light through an LED lamp2S, enabling the illumination to be not less than 10 hours in winter through a light supplement measure;
(5) and (3) fertilizer and water management: watering the soil to be dry and wet, purifying the water by using a water purifier, adding 300ppm of growth compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 20 to 10 to 20 when watering each time in the early stage, and watering clear water once after 3 times of water fertilization to help the soil to discharge salt which cannot be absorbed;
(6) when the plant grows in the pot with the length of 18cm until the root system is full, putting the plant into a cold storage for 10 weeks to carry out dormancy vernalization; the plants in the cold storage are frequently checked, water is supplemented in the cold storage once every 2 weeks on average, and the humidity of the soil is kept to be 15-18%; namely, the soil can be held into a mass state and is scattered in a beating mode;
(7) after the vernalization is finished, putting the green wormwood into a pot to enable the green wormwood to recover growth, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to be 5.61; the bud stage begins after 8-10 weeks of vegetative growth, the growth compound fertilizer is changed into a high-phosphorus high-potassium compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 10 to 20, the temperature at night is ensured to be 2-10 ℃, and the flowering consistency is ensured.
Example 2
A cultivation method of artemisia selengensis in plain areas comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing: soaking the seeds in clean water at room temperature for 24 hours before sowing, enabling the seeds to germinate more orderly and consistently, sowing and raising the seedlings in a plug tray, carrying out illumination for 12 hours and dark treatment for 12 hours after sowing, and maintaining the temperature between 15 and 20 ℃ during illumination and dark treatment;
(2) transplanting: transplanting is performed when the seedling grows out of a pair of true leaves, and transplanting and seedling growth are performed by a matrix block (24 mm matrix block produced by Jeffy Co., Netherlands); because the root system is very tender, the root system, especially the root and stem, is not damaged during transplanting;
(3) potting: when the root system in the substrate block grows full and extends out, the root system starts to be potted; the specific method for potting comprises the following steps: the first step is potting: when the root system grows to be full of the matrix block and the plant grows to 4-6 leaves, planting the matrix block in a 8cm pot; secondly, changing the basin: when the root system grows to be full of a small pot with 8cm and grows from the bottom, and the plant grows to 8-10 leaves, the pot is changed into a pot with 13 cm; thirdly, field planting: when the root system grows to be full of a 13cm pot and grows from the bottom, and the plant grows to 15-18 leaves, the plant is planted in the 18cm pot; the potting soil is loose and breathable nutrient soil, and 10% of ceramsite is doped into the soil; the drainage and air permeability of the soil are increased;
(4) illumination: in a sunlight room, the minimum illumination intensity is ensured to be 100 mu mol/m by supplementing light through an LED lamp2S, enabling the illumination to be not less than 10 hours in winter through a light supplement measure;
(5) and (3) fertilizer and water management: watering the soil to be dry and wet, purifying the water by using a water purifier, adding 300ppm of growth compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 20 to 10 to 20 when watering each time in the early stage, and watering clear water once after 5 times of water fertilization to help the soil to discharge salt which cannot be absorbed;
(6) when the plant grows in the pot with the length of 18cm until the root system is full, putting the plant into a cold storage for 16 weeks to carry out dormancy vernalization; the plants in the cold storage are frequently checked, water is supplemented in the cold storage once every 3 weeks on average, and the humidity of the soil is kept to be 15-18%; namely, the soil can be held into a mass state and is scattered in a beating mode;
(7) after the vernalization is finished, putting the green wormwood into a pot to enable the green wormwood to recover growth, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to be 6.14; the bud stage begins after 8-10 weeks of vegetative growth, the growth compound fertilizer is changed into a high-phosphorus high-potassium compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 10 to 20, the temperature at night is ensured to be 2-10 ℃, and the flowering consistency is ensured.
Example 3
A cultivation method of artemisia selengensis in plain areas comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing: soaking the seeds for 24 hours at room temperature by using clean water before sowing, enabling the seeds to germinate more orderly and consistently, then putting the seeds into an artificial climate box in a culture dish for sowing and seedling, carrying out 12-hour illumination and 12-hour dark treatment after sowing, and maintaining the temperature of 20 ℃ during illumination treatment and 10 ℃ during dark treatment;
(2) transplanting: transplanting is performed when the seedling grows out of a pair of true leaves, and transplanting and seedling growth are performed by a matrix block (24 mm matrix block produced by Jeffy Co., Netherlands); because the root system is very tender, the root system, especially the root and stem, is not damaged during transplanting;
(3) potting: when the root system in the substrate block grows full and extends out, the root system starts to be potted; the specific method for potting comprises the following steps: the first step is potting: when the root system grows to be full of the matrix block and the plant grows to 4-6 leaves, planting the matrix block in a 8cm pot; secondly, changing the basin: when the root system grows to be full of a small pot with 8cm and grows from the bottom, and the plant grows to 8-10 leaves, the pot is changed into a pot with 13 cm; thirdly, field planting: when the root system grows to be full of a 13cm pot and grows from the bottom, and the plant grows to 15-18 leaves, the plant is planted in the 18cm pot; the potting soil is loose and breathable nutrient soil, and 8% of ceramsite is doped into the soil; the drainage and air permeability of the soil are increased;
(4) illumination: in a sunlight room, the minimum illumination intensity is ensured to be 100 mu mol/m by supplementing light through an LED lamp2S, enabling the illumination to be not less than 10 hours in winter through a light supplement measure;
(5) and (3) fertilizer and water management: watering the soil to be dry and wet, purifying the water by using a water purifier, adding 300ppm of growth compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 20 to 10 to 20 when watering each time in the early stage, and watering clear water once after 4 times of water fertilization to help the soil to discharge salt which cannot be absorbed;
(6) when the plant grows in the 1Scm pot until the root system is full, putting the plant into a cold storage for 12 weeks to carry out dormancy vernalization; the plants in the cold storage are frequently checked, water is supplemented in the cold storage once every 2 weeks on average, and the humidity of the soil is kept to be 15-18%; namely, the soil can be held into a mass state and is scattered in a beating mode;
(7) after the vernalization is finished, putting the green wormwood into a pot to enable the green wormwood to recover growth, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.23; the bud stage begins after 8-10 weeks of vegetative growth, the growth compound fertilizer is changed into a high-phosphorus high-potassium compound fertilizer with the ratio of N to P to K being 10 to 20, the temperature at night is ensured to be 2-10 ℃, and the flowering consistency is ensured.
In order to prove the beneficial effects of the present invention, the inventors conducted the following tests:
experiment 1 influence of pH value on flower color
The inventor finds in long-term experiments that the color of the artemisia selengensis is difficult to reach the color close to the original place, the color difference is obvious, through comprehensive analysis in many aspects, the cultivated soil is found to be alkaline, through experimental analysis, the pH value has a certain influence on the color, therefore, the inventor observes the change of the color by adjusting the pH value, and specifically adopts ferrous sulfate to adjust the pH value of the soil, which is specifically shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Effect of ferrous sulfate concentration on pH
| Ferrous sulfate concentration | 0.05％ | 0.1％ | 0.2％ | 0.5％ | 1％ | 2％ |
| pH value | 6.57 | 6.14 | 5.61 | 5.23 | 4.85 | 4.11 |
In addition, the color of the soil is most similar to the color of the original place when the pH value is 6.14 by comparing the color of the soil with the color of the original place through the British Royal horticulture Association color chart because the pH value changes under different addition amounts, so that the pH value of the soil is controlled below 7 in order to ensure that the color is more consistent with the original place in the actual cultivation process, and the pH value of the soil can be optimally adjusted to be about 6.14.
Test 2:
comparative example 1
In plateau areas: observing the single flowering phase, the number of flowers and the flower color of the single scape in the growing place of the artemisia selengensis;
comparative example 2
Ordinary low-temperature greenhouses: the artemisia selengensis bare-rooted seedlings are planted in a common low-temperature greenhouse after vernalization, normal maintenance management is carried out, light supplement is not needed, watering is not needed, ferrous sulfate is not added, and fertilizer and water management is the same as facility cultivation. Observing the single flowering period, the number of flowers and the flower color of the single scape of the artemisia selengensis;
as a result of observing the flowering stage, the number of flowers of the scape and the flower color of the artemisia selengensis cultivated by the method of the embodiment 2 of the invention, comparing with the comparison examples 1 and 2, the following results are found:
(1) the single flowering phase of the artemisia selengensis in plateau areas is averagely 4.5 days; the average flowering phase of a single flower is 9.2 days in the common low-temperature greenhouse cultivation, and the average flowering phase of a single flower is 9.6 days in the facility cultivation record of the invention.
(2) The average number of the flowers of the artemisia rupestris L.var.virens in plateau areas is 8.3, the average number of the flowers of the artemisia rupestris L.var.virens is 13 according to the ordinary low-temperature greenhouse cultivation record, and the average number of the flowers of the artemisia rupestris L.var.virens is 12.9 according to the facility cultivation record.
(3) The flower color of the artemisia selengensis in plateau areas is as follows: 100B (British Royal horticulture Association color chart: Blue Group 100, Strong Blue). The common low-temperature greenhouse cultivation color is as follows: N82D (British Royal horticulture Association color chart: Group N82 in pure-violet Group, light pure). The flower color cultivated by the facility of the invention is 97A (British Royal horticulture Association color chart: 97 Group in Violet-Blue Group, Light purple Blue). Compared with the common low-temperature greenhouse cultivation, the color of the facility cultivation of the invention is more similar to the color of plateau areas.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A cultivation method of artemisia selengensis in plain areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sowing: soaking the seeds in clean water for 24 hours at room temperature before sowing, then sowing and raising seedlings in a culture dish or a plug tray, and after sowing, carrying out 12-hour illumination and 12-hour dark treatment, wherein the temperature during the illumination treatment is maintained at 20 ℃, and the temperature during the dark treatment is 10 ℃; or the temperature is maintained at 15-20 ℃ during light and dark treatment;
(2) transplanting: transplanting is carried out when the seedling grows out a pair of true leaves, and transplanting and seedling growing are carried out through the matrix block;
(3) potting: when the root system in the substrate block grows full and extends out, the root system starts to be potted; the specific method for potting comprises the following steps: the first step is potting: when the root system grows to be full of the matrix block and the plant grows to 4-6 leaves, planting the matrix block in a 8cm pot; secondly, changing the basin: when the root system grows to be full of a small pot with 8cm and grows from the bottom, and the plant grows to 8-10 leaves, the pot is changed into a pot with 13 cm; thirdly, field planting: when the root system grows to be full of a 13cm pot and grows from the bottom, and the plant grows to 15-18 leaves, the plant is planted in the 18cm pot;
(4) illumination: in a sunlight room, light is supplemented through an LED lamp, the illumination intensity is ensured to be more than 100 mu mol/square meter.s, and the illumination is not less than 10 hours in winter through light supplementing measures;
(5) and (3) fertilizer and water management: the soil is dry and wet, the water is purified by a water purifier, 300ppm of N is added during each early watering: p: k is 20: 10: 20, pouring clear water after 3-5 times of fertilizing to help soil to discharge salt which cannot be absorbed;
(6) when the plant grows in a pot with the length of 18cm until the root system is full, putting the plant into a cold storage for 10-16 weeks to carry out dormancy vernalization;
(7) after the vernalization is finished, putting the green wormwood into a pot to enable the green wormwood to recover growth, and controlling the pH value of soil to be below 7; starting to enter the bud stage after 8-10 weeks of vegetative growth, and changing the growth compound fertilizer into N: p: k is 10: 20: 20, the temperature at night is ensured to be 2-10 ℃, and the consistency of flowering is ensured.
2. The method for cultivating artemisia selengensis in plain areas according to claim 1, wherein the artemisia selengensis is placed in a climatic chamber when the culture dish is used for growing seedlings.
3. The cultivation method of Artemisia annua plains area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate block is 24mm substrate block manufactured by Jeffy of the Netherlands.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil for potting is loose and breathable nutrient soil, and 5-10% of ceramsite is added into the soil.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH value of the soil is adjusted by ferrous sulfate with concentration of 0.1%.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pH of the soil is 6.14.
7. The method for cultivating artemisia selengensis in plain areas according to claim 1, wherein the moisture is supplemented every 2-3 weeks in a cold storage, and the humidity of the soil is kept at 15-18%.
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 汶川县水磨镇气候条件对绿绒蒿人工种植的影响;王仕英等;《南方农业》;20180930;第12卷(第27期);第16-18页 * |
| 绿绒蒿—来自喜马拉雅的蓝;蔓玫;《园林》;20171031(第10期);第90-91页 * |
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