CN110249943B - High-yield cultivation method for hybrid rice - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-yield cultivation method of hybrid rice, which comprises the steps of seed selection, seed soaking, seedling raising substrate preparation, seedling raising, multifunctional compound fertilizer preparation, rice field preparation, seeding and field management. The cultivation method of the hybrid rice has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, convenient popularization, less pesticide spraying, green and safe obtained rice, and 684kg/667m of rice can be obtained at most2The yield of (2).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method of hybrid rice.
Background
The rice is one of the gramineous and gramineous genera of rice, and is also the most important and longest kind of grain in the genus of rice, which is different from upland rice. The rice is planted in China and India which are native and in Yangtze river basin of China seven thousand years ago. Hybrid rice (hybrid rice) is the first generation hybrid with heterosis produced by hybridizing a restorer line and a sterile line. Heterosis is a common phenomenon in the biological world, and the utilization of heterosis to improve the yield and quality of crops is one of the main achievements of modern agricultural science.
The rice seeding surface of China accounts for 1/4 of food crops all over the country, and the yield accounts for more than half. The cultivation history is 14000-18000 years. Is an important grain crop; besides the edible caryopsis, the rice bran can be used for preparing starch, brewing wine and vinegar, and the rice bran can be used for preparing sugar, extracting oil and extracting furfural for industrial and medical use; the rice straw is good feed, paper making raw material and weaving material, and the rice sprout and rice root can be used for medicine. Nearly half of the world's population, including almost the entire east and southeast asia population, feeds on rice, which is distributed primarily in tropical and subtropical regions of asia and africa.
The world health organization in 2018 pointed out that there was evidence of worsening world hunger, which reminds us that more action is necessary to take by the year 2030 to eliminate it. Recent estimates indicate that the number of hungers has increased over the last three years, reversing the situation of the last decade. Despite continued progress in reducing developmental delay in children, nearly 22% of children under the age of five are affected. Reports show that the world hunger is not reduced, conflicts with a plurality of regions around the world and the violence is increased inseparably, even if no conflicts occur, climate variation and extreme climate conditions form the main causes of the deterioration of the global hunger condition recently, and the climate variation and extreme climate conditions are one of the important factors for causing serious food crisis. Climate variability and exposure to more complex, more frequent, more intense extreme climatic events may reverse or progress predation in eliminating hunger and malnutrition. In addition, the problem of hunger is much more severe in countries where the agricultural system is highly sensitive to precipitation, temperature and severe drought, and a large proportion of people depend on agriculture for growth. Therefore, it is very urgent to increase the grain supply and increase the grain yield.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a high-yield cultivation method for hybrid rice.
The high-yield cultivation method of hybrid rice is realized by the following steps:
a high-yield cultivation method of hybrid rice comprises the following steps:
seed selection: selecting mature, full and worm-eaten-free seeds, and drying at the low temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 5-10 h;
seed soaking: soaking seeds in an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate and sodium hypochlorite for 24-48h, fishing out, putting into saturated salt solution, selecting rice seeds with a sunk bottom, and cleaning with clear water;
preparing a seedling raising substrate: dissolving carbendazim in acetic acid-water solution, and adding high molecular water-absorbent resin to form carbendazim gel; preparing a nutrient solution, adding high-molecular water-absorbent resin to form a nutrient solution gel, mixing the nutrient solution gel with the carbendazim gel, adding rice seeds, mixing, and spreading on a rice seedling raising tray;
seedling raising: placing a seedling raising tray at 35-40 ℃ for temperature-controlled germination acceleration, reducing the temperature to 25-35 ℃ after 90% of seeds germinate, and continuously raising seedlings until the seedlings grow to 12-15 cm;
preparing a multifunctional compound fertilizer: crushing eucalyptus leaves, bamboo leaves, ailanthus leaves, red pine, eupatorium adenophorum, guayule, tall fescue, artemisia annua, wormwood and the like into residues, adding grass-free soil and struvite powder in a rice field, and composting to obtain a decomposed organic fertilizer with the functions of suppressing grasses and killing insects; mixing diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and ammonium chloride according to a ratio of 2-4:1-2:1, adding 50-100 times of water by weight, and adding high-molecular water-absorbent resin to prepare a slow-release fertilizer; mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer with the grass inhibiting and pest killing effects with the slow release fertilizer to obtain a multifunctional compound fertilizer;
preparing a rice field: selecting saline-alkali-free, fertile and flat loam, carrying out rotary tillage on the rice field by adopting a rotary cultivator, applying the obtained multifunctional compound fertilizer in the rotary tillage process, fully mixing the multifunctional compound fertilizer into the rice field by utilizing the rotary cultivator, dividing the rice field into ridges, soil preparation and removing weeds and stubbles;
sowing: removing the seedling raising tray, transplanting the seedling raising tray into a rice field, spraying seedling with tricyclazole wettable powder before transplanting, wherein the plant spacing and the row spacing of the rice field are controlled to be 18-20cm and 10-12cm respectively during transplanting; 2-3 seedlings are inserted into each planting hole;
field management: irrigating 2-3cm of deep water after transplanting, if the water level is reduced, continuously supplementing water, after the rice is turned green, controlling the water layer to be 1-2cm of shallow water, and drying in the sun at the last stage of tillering and 3 days before ear emergence of the rice; topdressing is carried out 40-45 days before the rice is ear; and spraying different foliar fertilizers at the initial heading stage, the filling stage and the full heading stage of the rice respectively.
Further, the hybrid rice is 'Liangyou' 516.
Further, in the seed soaking step, the concentrations of the aqueous solutions of potassium permanganate and sodium hypochlorite are 0.5-2% and 1-3% respectively.
Furthermore, in the step of preparing the seedling raising substrate, the mass concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 2.5-5%, and the adding amount of the high polymer water-absorbent resin is 1-1.5% of the mass of the acetic acid aqueous solution.
Further, in the step of preparing the seedling raising substrate, the nutrient solution comprises 3.2-4.5mmol/L N, 0.4-0.5mmol/L P, 1.5-2.0mmol/L K, 0.5-0.8mmol/L Ca and 5.0-8.5mmol/L CaL Cl、3.2-3.5mmol/L Mg、0.2-0.5mmol/L S、0.1-0.3×10-2mmol/L Si、5-6×10-2mmol/L Fe、5.4-7.2×10-3mmol/L Mn、2.5-5×10-4mmol/L Mo、2-4×10-3mmol/L B、1.5-2.5×10-3mmol/L I、3-6×10-4mmol/L Zn、3.5-8×10-5mmol/L Cu、3-5×10-3mmol/L Se and 20mg/L EDTA; the addition amount of the high molecular water-absorbent resin is 1-2% of the mass of the nutrient solution.
Further, in the step of preparing the multifunctional compound fertilizer, the composting temperature is 35-45 ℃, and the composting time is 2-4 months; the addition amount of the high molecular water-absorbent resin is 1-2% of the mass of water; the mass ratio of the decomposed organic fertilizer and the slow release fertilizer with the functions of inhibiting grass and killing insects is 1: 0.5-2.
Furthermore, in the sowing step, the tricyclazole wettable powder needs to be diluted by 1000-2000 times before use and used 2-3 days before transplantation.
Further, in the field management step, 2-3 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1-2kg of potassium chloride and 1-2kg of diammonium phosphate are applied during topdressing per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the high-yield cultivation method for hybrid rice has the advantages of low cost, simplicity in operation and convenience in popularization;
2) the high-yield cultivation method for hybrid rice disclosed by the application has the advantages that less pesticide is sprayed, and the obtained rice is green and safe;
3) the high-yield cultivation method of the hybrid rice can obtain the yield of 684 kg/mu at the highest;
4) the rice obtained by the hybrid rice high-yield cultivation method is rich in selenium element and beneficial to health.
Detailed Description
For clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the present invention, it is obvious that the inventor combines the embodiments to describe, but the following embodiments describe only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Experiments were conducted using hybrid rice Shuangyou 516, the following cultivation method.
A high-yield cultivation method of hybrid rice comprises the following steps:
seed selection: selecting mature, full and worm-eaten-free seeds, and drying at the low temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 5-10 h;
seed soaking: soaking seeds in an aqueous solution of 0.5-2% of potassium permanganate and 1-3% of sodium hypochlorite for 24-48h, taking out, putting into saturated salt solution, selecting rice seeds with sunk bottom, and cleaning with clear water;
preparing a seedling raising substrate: dissolving carbendazim in 2.5-5% acetic acid-water solution, adding 1-1.5% macromolecular water-absorbent resin based on the mass of the acetic acid-water solution to form carbendazim gel; preparing a nutrient solution, adding macromolecular water-absorbent resin accounting for 1-2% of the mass of the nutrient solution to form nutrient solution gel, mixing with carbendazim gel, adding rice seeds, mixing, and spreading on a rice seedling raising tray;
the nutrient solution comprises 3.2-4.5mmol/L N, 0.4-0.5mmol/L P, 1.5-2.0mmol/L K, 0.5-0.8mmol/L Ca, 5.0-8.5mmol/L Cl, 3.2-3.5mmol/L Mg, 0.2-0.5mmol/L S, 0.1-0.3X 10- 2mmol/L Si、5-6×10-2mmol/L Fe、5.4-7.2×10-3mmol/L Mn、2.5-5×10-4mmol/L Mo、2-4×10-3mmol/L B、1.5-2.5×10-3mmol/L I、3-6×10-4mmol/L Zn、3.5-8×10-5mmol/L Cu、3-5×10-3mmol/L Se and 20mg/L EDTA;
seedling raising: placing a seedling raising tray at 35-40 ℃ for temperature-controlled germination acceleration, reducing the temperature to 25-35 ℃ after 90% of seeds germinate, and continuously raising seedlings until the seedlings grow to 12-15 cm;
preparing a multifunctional compound fertilizer: smashing eucalyptus leaves, bamboo leaves, ailanthus leaves, red pine, eupatorium adenophorum, guayule, tall fescue, artemisia annua, wormwood and the like into residues, adding grass-free soil and struvite powder in a rice field, and composting at the temperature of 35-45 ℃ for 2-4 months to obtain a decomposed organic fertilizer with the functions of suppressing grasses and killing insects; mixing diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and ammonium chloride according to a ratio of 2-4:1-2:1, adding 50-100 times of water by weight, and adding macromolecular water-absorbent resin accounting for 1-2% of the water by weight to prepare a slow release fertilizer; mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer with the grass inhibiting and pest killing effects and the slow release fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-2 to obtain a multifunctional compound fertilizer;
preparing a rice field: selecting saline-alkali-free, fertile and flat loam, carrying out rotary tillage on the rice field by adopting a rotary cultivator, applying the obtained multifunctional compound fertilizer in the rotary tillage process, fully mixing the multifunctional compound fertilizer into the rice field by utilizing the rotary cultivator, dividing the rice field into ridges, soil preparation and removing weeds and stubbles;
sowing: the seedling raising tray is moved out and transplanted into a rice field, seedling spraying is carried out 2-3 days before transplanting by using tricyclazole wettable powder diluted by 2000 times of 1000-plus materials, the plant spacing of the rice field is controlled to be 18-20cm during transplanting, and the row spacing is 10-12 cm; 2-3 seedlings are inserted into each planting hole;
field management: irrigating 2-3cm of deep water after transplanting, if the water level is reduced, continuously supplementing water, after the rice is turned green, controlling the water layer to be 1-2cm of shallow water, and drying in the sun at the last stage of tillering and 3 days before ear emergence of the rice; topdressing is carried out 40-45 days before the rice is produced, 2-3 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1-2kg of potassium chloride and 1-2kg of diammonium phosphate are applied to each mu; and spraying different foliar fertilizers at the initial heading stage, the filling stage and the full heading stage of the rice respectively.
Examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-4 were prepared according to the experimental procedure described above, with reference to the parameters listed in tables 1-2.
Table 1:
table 2:
| unit of | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | |
| Drying temperature | ℃ | 30 | 60 | 20 | 50 |
| Drying time | h | 7 | 9 | 11 | 4 |
| Potassium permanganate | ％ | 0.2 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Sodium hypochlorite | ％ | 2 | 2 | 0.5 | 4 |
| Acetic acid solution | ％ | 2 | 0 | 6 | 3 |
| N | mmol/L | 3.5 | 3 | 4.9 | 4.5 |
| P | mmol/L | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| K | mmol/L | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2.5 |
| Ca | mmol/L | 0.4 | 1 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
| Cl | mmol/L | 8 | 6 | 4 | 9 |
| Mg | mmol/L | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 2 |
| Si | 10-2mmol/L | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
| Fe | 10-2mmol/L | 0.4 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Mn | 10-3mmol/L | 5 | 8 | 5.2 | 5.9 |
| Mo | 10-4mmol/L | 2.9 | 5 | 8 | 4 |
| B | 10-3mmol/L | 5 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| I | 10-3mmol/L | 2.5 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Zn | 10-4mmol/L | 8 | 2 | 5 | 6 |
| Cu | 10-5mmol/L | 0 | 10 | 5 | 6 |
| Se | 10-3mmol/L | 4 | 5 | 6 | 0 |
| EDTA | mg/L | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Temperature of pregermination | ℃ | 40 | 45 | 30 | 45 |
| Temperature of compost | ℃ | 45 | 30 | 40 | 40 |
| Time of composting | Moon cake | 5 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| Mass ratio of | —— | 1:3 | 1:1 | 1:1 | 1:0.3 |
| Become thoroughly decomposed withOrganic fertilizer | kg | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| Potassium chloride | kg | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Diammonium phosphate | kg | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
Comparative example 5:
preparing a comparative example 5 by adopting the method described in the example 2 without adding the multifunctional compound fertilizer; comparative example 6:
adopting the method of the embodiment 2 and adopting a common field seedling raising mode to prepare a comparative example 6;
comparative example 7:
by adopting the method described in example 2, the eucalyptus leaves, the bamboo leaves, the ailanthus leaves, the red pine, the eupatorium adenophorum, the guayule, the tall fescue, the artemisia annua and the wormwood are not added, and only the rice straws with the same weight are added to prepare the multifunctional compound fertilizer, and a comparative example 7 is prepared;
comparative example 8:
comparative example 8 was prepared using the method described in example 2, without the addition of carbendazim gel;
the results are shown in tables 3 to 4.
Table 3:
| unit of | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Yield per mu | kg | 681 | 684 | 671 | 669 | 607 | 583 |
Table 4:
| unit of | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 | Comparative example 6 | Comparative example 7 | Comparative example 8 | |
| Yield per mu | kg | 549 | 515 | 428 | 486 | 469 | 453 |
It can be seen that 1126kg of rice can be obtained at the highest yield per mu according to the cultivation method disclosed by the application. The yield of rice is affected beyond the range given in the present application.
The rice planted by the method meets the standard requirements of GB1354-2009 Rice, GB2715-2005 food sanitation Standard, GB 7718 & lt 2011 & gt food safety national Standard prepackaged food Memo rules, Rice production license examination rules, GB28050-2011 & food safety national Standard prepackaged food Nutrition Label rules. The rice nutrient substances and the national standard for detecting heavy metal and pesticide residues all accord with the corresponding standards.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A high-yield cultivation method of hybrid rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seed selection: selecting mature, full and worm-eaten-free seeds, and drying at the low temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 5-10 h; seed soaking: soaking seeds in an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate and sodium hypochlorite for 24-48h, fishing out, putting into saturated salt solution, selecting rice seeds with a sunk bottom, and cleaning with clear water;
2) preparing a seedling raising substrate: dissolving carbendazim in acetic acid-water solution, and adding high molecular water-absorbent resin to form carbendazim gel; preparing a nutrient solution, adding high-molecular water-absorbent resin to form a nutrient solution gel, mixing the nutrient solution gel with the carbendazim gel, adding rice seeds, mixing, and spreading on a rice seedling raising tray;
the nutrient solution comprises 3.2-4.5mmol/L N, 0.4-0.5mmol/L P, 1.5-2.0mmol/L K, 0.5-0.8mmol/L Ca, 5.0-8.5mmol/L Cl, 3.2-3.5mmol/L Mg, 0.2-0.5mmol/L S, 0.1-0.3X 10- 2mmol/L Si、5-6×10-2mmol/L Fe、5.4-7.2×10-3mmol/L Mn、2.5-5×10-4mmol/L Mo、2-4×10-3mmol/L B、1.5-2.5×10-3mmol/LI、3-6×10-4mmol/L Zn、3.5-8×10-5mmol/L Cu、3-5×10-3mmol/L Se and 20mg/L EDTA; the adding amount of the high molecular water-absorbent resin is 1-2% of the mass of the nutrient solution;
3) seedling raising: placing a seedling raising tray at 35-40 ℃ for temperature-controlled germination acceleration, reducing the temperature to 25-35 ℃ after 90% of seeds germinate, and continuously raising seedlings until the seedlings grow to 12-15 cm;
4) preparing a multifunctional compound fertilizer: smashing eucalyptus leaves, bamboo leaves, ailanthus leaves, red pine, eupatorium adenophorum, guayule, tall fescue, artemisia annua and wormwood into residues, adding grass-free soil and struvite powder in a rice field, and composting to obtain a decomposed organic fertilizer with the effects of suppressing weeds and killing pests; mixing diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and ammonium chloride according to a ratio of 2-4:1-2:1, adding 50-100 times of water by weight, and adding high-molecular water-absorbent resin to prepare a slow-release fertilizer; mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer with the grass inhibiting and pest killing effects with the slow release fertilizer to obtain a multifunctional compound fertilizer;
5) preparing a rice field: selecting saline-alkali-free, fertile and flat loam, carrying out rotary tillage on the rice field by adopting a rotary cultivator, applying the obtained multifunctional compound fertilizer in the rotary tillage process, fully mixing the multifunctional compound fertilizer into the rice field by utilizing the rotary cultivator, dividing the rice field into ridges, soil preparation and removing weeds and stubbles;
6) sowing: removing the seedling raising tray, transplanting the seedling raising tray into a rice field, spraying seedling with tricyclazole wettable powder before transplanting, wherein the plant spacing and the row spacing of the rice field are controlled to be 18-20cm and 10-12cm respectively during transplanting; 2-3 seedlings are inserted into each planting hole;
7) field management: irrigating 2-3cm of deep water after transplanting, if the water level is reduced, continuously supplementing water, after the rice is turned green, controlling the water layer to be 1-2cm of shallow water, and drying in the sun at the last stage of tillering and 3 days before ear emergence of the rice; topdressing 40-45 days before rice emergence; and spraying different foliar fertilizers at the initial heading stage, the filling stage and the full heading stage of the rice respectively.
2. The method for high yield cultivation of hybrid rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein said hybrid rice is Youyou 516.
3. The high-yield cultivation method of hybrid rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentrations of the aqueous solutions of potassium permanganate and sodium hypochlorite in the seed soaking step are 0.5-2% and 1-3%, respectively.
4. The high-yield cultivation method of hybrid rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step of preparing the seedling raising substrate, the mass concentration of the aqueous solution of acetic acid is 2.5-5%, and the addition amount of the high molecular water-absorbent resin is 1-1.5% of the mass of the aqueous solution of acetic acid.
5. The high-yield cultivation method of hybrid rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step of preparing the multifunctional compound fertilizer, the composting temperature is 35-45 ℃ and the composting time is 2-4 months; the addition amount of the high molecular water-absorbent resin is 1-2% of the mass of water; the mass ratio of the decomposed organic fertilizer and the slow release fertilizer with the functions of inhibiting grass and killing insects is 1: 0.5-2.
6. The high-yield cultivation method of hybrid rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the sowing step, the tricyclazole wettable powder is diluted 1000-2000 times before use and is used 2-3 days before transplantation.
7. The high-yield cultivation method of hybrid rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the field management step, 2-3 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1-2kg of potassium chloride and 1-2kg of diammonium phosphate are applied during topdressing per mu.
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| CN111802241B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-11-08 | 海南广陵高科实业有限公司 | Breeding method of high-resistance rice |
| CN111837842A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-30 | 海南广凌农业集团有限公司 | Planting method of high-yield and stable-yield hybrid rice |
| CN112535078A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-23 | 淮阴师范学院 | Cultivation method of conventional japonica rice blanket-shaped machine-transplanted tillering large seedlings |
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