CN112535078A - Cultivation method of conventional japonica rice blanket-shaped machine-transplanted tillering large seedlings - Google Patents
Cultivation method of conventional japonica rice blanket-shaped machine-transplanted tillering large seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating a conventional japonica rice blanket-shaped machine-transplanted tillering large seedling, which specifically comprises the following steps: the multifunctional seeder has the advantages of expanding a seedling bed, performing pre-sowing chemical control, performing strict control on sowing quantity, performing early sowing, applying seedbed fertilizer, performing flatting coverage, performing moisture control, and performing self-tapping operation. Aiming at the technical defects of close-sowing small seedling mechanical transplanting and the difficult problem of cultivating blanket-shaped large seedlings, the method provided by the invention cultivates the conventional blanket-shaped large seedlings of japonica rice by strictly controlling the seeding amount, controlling twice, regulating and controlling the nutrient supply of seedbed fertilizers through water and fertilizer coupling and the like, and has the advantages that: the method comprises the steps of firmly coiling seedling blocks in a coiling manner in 1480-1880 plants/dish during transplanting, wherein the main stem and leaf age of each seedling is 5.0-6.3, the height of each seedling is 20-25 cm, 10-20% of the plant is provided with tillers, and the dry weight of hundreds of plants on the overground part is 5.0-7.0 g; the utilization rates of the nitrogen fertilizer and the seeds of the seedbed are respectively more than 35% and more than 65%; the green turning and the survival of the planted seedlings are fast, and the hole rate of the field is below 5.0%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of a conventional blanket-shaped machine-transplanted tillered large seedling of japonica rice.
Background
The contradiction between two cooking seasons of rice and wheat in the northern Jiangsu area is very prominent, and the yield in the current season can be obviously improved by effectively prolonging the growing period of any season. The traditional dry seedling raising technology of the fertilizer bed realizes that the seedling age of rice is as long as 35-45 days due to large fertility supply and small sowing density of the seedling bed, rice plants are generally tillered and have strong stress resistance, and the seedlings turn green and survive quickly after being planted, so that the early heading, early maturity and high yield of rice and wheat are easily ensured, but the traditional dry seedling raising technology of the fertilizer bed cannot keep up with the requirements of the current times due to the defects of large labor intensity, low operation efficiency and the like of manual planting. The conventional blanket-shaped close-sowing seedling transplanting technology for japonica rice popularized in northern Jiangsu area in large area for nearly more than ten years greatly reduces the labor intensity of the rice transplanting link and greatly improves the operating efficiency, but has the inherent defects of large seed consumption, short seedling age, small elasticity, poor seedling quality, long seedling recovery period in a large field, delayed heading and maturity date and the like, and aggravates the contradiction of two cropping seasons of rice and wheat in the local area. Therefore, the conventional blanket-shaped close-planting seedling mechanical transplanting technology for japonica rice is difficult to meet the requirements of high yield of rice and annual high yield in the northeast of Suzhou where the two cropping seasons of rice and wheat are short.
In the rice production in the North Suo area, the rice production is almost currently carried out by a high-speed riding type transplanter, the transverse seedling taking times are as small as 18, the longitudinal seedling taking length is as large as 1.7-1.8 cm, and the seedling cutting area is as large as 2.65-3.00 cm2The plant spacing is as small as 10cm, the maximum seedling using amount is 40-50 disks (28 cm multiplied by 58 cm)/mu, and the maximum seedling using amount is increased by 12-22 disks/mu compared with the conventional hand-held machine which is the main machine of the rice transplanter. This provides certain conditions for reducing the seeding density and prolonging the seedling age of the blanket-shaped mechanical transplanting, but the cultivation of the blanket-shaped mechanical transplanting large seedlings with strong seedlings is still very difficult. One of the reasons is that: the fertilizer supply capacity of the nutrient soil in the current seedling tray is small, the seedlings are obviously yellowed to a certain extent even stop growing completely after reaching the leaf age of 4.0, but if the fertilizer cultivation capacity of the nutrient soil in the seedling tray is directly enhanced, a large amount of dead buds and dead seedlings are caused, the seedling rate of the seeds is obviously reduced, if the additional fertilizer (two leaves and one heart phase and later) after the covering is uncovered on the seedling bed is relied on, the seedlings cannot be promoted to tillered due to untimely fertilizer supply, and the seedlings are extremely easy to grow high and vigorous in the later stage of the seedling bed; the second reason is that: under the condition of not integrating multiple means to strictly control the seedling height, the larger the seedling age is, the higher the seedlings can be fleed in a seedling tray, the more severe the survival competition among the seedlings is, the more differentiated the big and small seedlings are and the two poles areThe more prominent the phenomena of seedling abortion, the more the hole rate of the field is increased and the seedling revival time of the field is prolonged. In the northern Jiangsu area, the old and weak seedlings with the main stem and leaf age staying below 5.0 and the seedlings which are being lost or killed exist on the seedling blocks during transplanting of the machine-transplanted seedlings with the seedling age of more than 30 days produced currently.
From 2008, by utilizing a video 'machine-transplanted seedling strong seedling cultivation technology' made by Chenchuan and the like on the network, the blanket-shaped machine-transplanted seedling strong seedling without tillering of the conventional japonica rice is cultivated for 8 years. The seedling raising technology uses special commercial seedbed fertilizer: n, P2O5、K2The contents of O are 10%, 8% and 7%, respectively, and the water solubility is good, but the mass ratio of ammonium ions and hydrogen phosphate ions which are easily adsorbed and fixed by the soil colloid is only 23.7%, and the mass ratio of ions which are not easily adsorbed and fixed by the soil colloid is more than 70%. The seedling raising process comprises the following steps: firstly, a seedbed is made, after the seedbed is leveled, special commercial seedbed fertilizer is uniformly spread on the bed surface, and the dosage of each 100 disks of seedbed area is 1.67-2.08 kg (namely each m of seedbed area)2The using amount of the seedbed is 100-125 g), after application, shallow harrowing and soil filling are carried out, the depth is 3-5 cm, and the fertilizer soil is uniformly mixed; and 5 months and 25 days later, sowing, wherein the dry sowing quantity is 80-90 g/disc, the leaf age of the seedlings is 4.0-5.0 when the seedlings are transplanted, the dry weight of hundreds of plants on the overground part is 2.5-3.0 g, the hole rate of the field after the seedlings are planted is below 4.0 percent, and the seedling reviving period of the field is shortened by 2-7 days compared with that of blanket close sowing seedlings. The seedling raising technology is applied to more than 180 ten thousand mu in the northern Suzhou area in an accumulated way, the seedling raising success rate is more than 97 percent, and the defects that the suitable seedling age is still short (only 25-30 days), the rice plants in seedling blocks are not tillered, and the seedling raising technology has the defects that the seeding density is still large, the seedling bed fertilizer nitrogen supply strength is weak, the total amount of ions which are difficult to be adsorbed and fixed by soil colloid is large, and the seedling stage control is not performed or the strength is extremely small.
In 2016, we have actually examined the demonstration fields invented by Lissally et al (carpet seedling mechanical seedling transplanting and seedling cultivation method ZL201510043561.4, innovation and application of 'theoretical rice seedling mechanical transplanting', Shanghai agricultural science and technology [ J],2015(4):48-49): 40kg of urea and 100kg of 45 percent compound fertilizer are firstly applied to each mu of rice seedling field as base fertilizer (namely the dosage of each 100 disks of seedbed area is 3.50 kg, N, P2O5、K2The average content of O is respectively33.4 percent, 10.7 percent and 10.7 percent) after fertilizing, shallow rotary tillage and then seedbed preparation, if the time for sufficient fertilizer bottom application is missed and the seedling plate is ready, 20kg of urea can be directly and uniformly spread on the seedling plate per mu (namely the using amount of each 100 disks of seedbed area is 0.50 kg, N, P kg)2O5、K2The average content of O is respectively 46.0 percent, 0 percent and 0 percent), and then placing a seedling tray; the conventional japonica rice is sowed in each seedling tray (28 cm is multiplied by 58 cm) with the sowing quantity of about 100g dry seeds and the seedling forming quantity of 1600 plants in each seedling tray, the seeding is carried out for 10 days in 5 months, the seedlings are scented with enough water after the seeding, the seedlings are kept moist before the three-leaf period, the dryness and the humidity are alternated after the three-leaf period, 15% paclobutrazol is sprayed for 160 g/mu when the seedlings are 2.5-3.0 leaves, the seedlings are transplanted in the middle ten days in 6 months, the seedling age is 35-40 days, the seedling leaf age is 5.0-6.0 leaves, 5-10% of the rice plants in the seedling block are tillered, the dry weight of hundreds of plants on the ground is 3.5-5.0 g, and the hole rate. The seedling raising technology is applied to tens of thousands of acres in the northern Suzhou area in an accumulated way, has outstanding advantages and disadvantages, has the advantages of long seedling age and large leaf age, and has tillers on part of seedlings and high dry weight (3.5-5.0 g) of the overground part of hundreds of plants, and has one of the disadvantages that a seedbed fertilizer application method is not scientific, the seedbed fertilizer is applied at the bottom first, and the seedbed is made after shallow rotary tillage, so that the fertilizer loss is serious, and the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer is extremely low (only 6.1-7.6%); the second disadvantage is that the sowing density is too high, so that the two poles of the large and small seedlings in the later stage of the seedling bed are seriously differentiated, the utilization rate of the seeds is low (only 40-44%), and further, the hole rate of the field after transplanting is too high (8-15%); the third disadvantage is the safety problem when 20 kg/mu of urea is directly spread on the seedling plate. Commercial urea contains biuret which is extremely harmful to seed buds and seed roots of crops, and once water is not managed properly within 7 days after the first irrigation of a seedling bed, the biuret and a large amount of urea enter along with water and are retained in nutrient soil on the upper part where seeds are sowed, a large amount of death and even complete death of the seeds can occur in the stages of germination, rooting and seedling establishment.
Therefore, aiming at the inherent defects of the close-sowed small seedling mechanical transplanting technology and the difficult problem of cultivating blanket-shaped mechanical transplanting large seedlings in the prior art, the cultivation technology of the conventional japonica rice blanket-shaped mechanical transplanting large seedlings with tillering strong seedlings is developed and popularized by measures of strictly controlling the seeding quantity, strictly controlling twice, regulating and controlling the nutrient supply of seedbed fertilizers through water and fertilizer coupling and the like, and has important practical significance for promoting the development of the conventional japonica rice mechanical transplanting technology in northern China and other multi-maturing areas which are stressed in other seasons, and further improving the yield and annual yield of the japonica rice mechanically transplanted in the northern China and other multi-maturing areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a conventional japonica rice blanket-shaped machine-transplanted tillered large seedling cultivation method aiming at the inherent defects of a close-sowing small seedling machine-transplanted technology and the difficult problem of cultivating blanket-shaped machine-transplanted large seedlings in the prior art, wherein during transplanting, seedling blocks are firmly coiled and 1480-1880 plants/disk, the main stem and leaf age of seedlings is 5.0-6.3, the seedling height is 20-25 cm, 10-20% of plants are tillered, and the dry weight of hundreds of plants on the ground is 5.0-7.0 g.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for culturing the blanket-shaped large seedlings with tiller of ordinary japonica rice includes such steps as culturing the rice seedlings with tiller in a blanket-shaped machine,
expanding a seedling field: the ratio of the seedling bed to the field is 1: 50-72, preparing a seedling bed of the seedling bed in advance, wherein the surface of the seedling bed is solid, flat and crack-free when the seedling bed is spread;
and the pre-sowing chemical control: collecting high-yield field plough layer soil to serve as seedling tray nutrient soil, and on the day of sowing, mixing the soil with the fertilizer-soil ratio of 1: uniformly mixing 130-150 parts of special seedling strengthening agent for machine-transplanted japonica rice seedlings;
the sowing quantity is strictly controlled: the specification of the seedling tray is 28cm multiplied by 58cm, namely 1624 cm2Uniformly sowing 55-68 g of dry seeds/disc;
fourthly, sowing in advance: estimating the planting time and reversely pushing forward for 30-40 days to obtain the proper sowing time;
applying the seedbed fertilizer: uniformly spreading 1.0-1.2 kg of ammonium chloride and 0.5 kg of powdered diammonium phosphate in every 100 trays of seedbed area before spreading;
sixthly, spreading and covering: when the plate is laid, the plate and the plate are closely arranged; after the seedlings are spread, non-woven fabrics are covered, the edges are compacted, and the seedlings are removed before the leaf age of 2.5 in combination with irrigation;
aqua-hori control: after the first irrigation, the water surface is higher than the disc surfaces of all seedling trays in the seedling bed and is kept for 6-8 hours; keeping the nutrient soil in the disc moist before the three-leaf period, and alternately drying and wetting after the 3-leaf period;
and (3) seedling stage chemical control: when the leaf age of the seedlings is 2.5-3.0, spraying 3.5-4.5 kg of paclobutrazol liquid medicine 300mg/kg once per 100 disks of seedlings;
self-lifting fertilizer application: applying 160-200 g of urea to every 100 trays of seedlings in combination with the irrigation of a seedling bed 2-3 days before transplanting;
the standard strong seedling is cultivated through the steps: when transplanting, the seedling block is firmly coiled and 1480-1880 plants/tray, the main stem and leaf age of the seedling is 5.0-6.3, the seedling height is 20-25 cm, 10-20% of plants are tillered, and the dry weight of hundreds of plants on the overground part is 5.0-7.0 g.
Further, irrigating, preparing soil, making a seedbed and ditching in the seedling bed 5-20 days before sowing; and (3) shoveling the height of the surface of the seedbed 1- 2 days before the seedbed is paved, filling and leveling up cracks, and tamping, wherein if the depth of the cracks generally exceeds 1.0cm, horse water must be poured once, so that the surface of the seedbed is ensured to be solid, flat and crack-free during the paving, and the bottom of the seedbed is tightly attached to the surface of the seedbed.
Furthermore, if the transplanting progress is considered, batch seeding and batch seedling are carried out.
The invention has the following obvious advantages:
1. the seedbed fertilizer has high efficiency. The inventor finds out through field investigation for many years that: for the mechanically transplanted seedlings in the seedling tray, as long as the seedbed fertilizer is applied first and the shallow rotary tillage is performed later, no matter the seeding is performed early or late, the dry tillage and the water tillage, the tillage is deep or shallow, the seedbed fertilizer is greatly wasted or lost, and the effective utilization rate is extremely low. The using amount of the seedbed fertilizer is 1.50-1.70 kg and N, P kg in each 100 disks of seedbed area2O5、K2The average O contents are 22.0%, 16.0% and 0, the mass ratio of ammonium ions to hydrogen phosphate ions is about 70%, and the mass ratio of chloride ions which are not easily adsorbed by soil colloid is about 30% (calculated as 24% for N content of ammonium chloride, N, P for diammonium phosphate as a commodity2O5The contents are respectively calculated as 18% and 48%). The invention adopts measures of ' the surface of the seedbed reaches ' solid, flat and crack-free ' when the seedbed is paved, uniformly spreading 1.0-1.2 kg of ammonium chloride and 0.5 kg of powdered diammonium phosphate in every 100 trays of the seedbed area before the seedbed is paved, keeping the water surface higher than the tray surfaces of all the seedling trays of the seedling bed for 6-8 hours after the first watering and the like, firstly dissolving the seedbed fertilizer under the bottom surface of the seedling tray, then feeding the seedbed fertilizer into the nutrient soil in the seedling tray along with the water once and again, wherein ammonium ions and hydrogen phosphate ions which are easily adsorbed by soil colloids are adsorbed and fixed on the seedless seedling traysThe lower part of the nutrient soil has early fertilizer supply time and large fertilizer supply force in the early stage of the rice seedling bed, and the fertilizer supply force in the middle and later stages of the rice seedling bed is quickly weakened until the fertilizer is completely lost. The seedbed fertilizer has no loss of a large amount of downward leakage, runoff, ammonia volatilization and the like, has no loss of nitrification, denitrification and the like, is beneficial to promoting tillering in the early and middle stages of a seedling bed, is beneficial to controlling vigorous seedling channeling in the later stage of the seedling bed, is more efficient compared with a special commercial seedbed fertilizer for Chenchuan and the like, and ensures that the supply of quick-acting nitrogen and quick-acting phosphorus in the early stage of the seedling bed is obviously enhanced, the concentration of nutritional ions such as ammonium roots, hydrogen phosphate radicals and the like in the nutritional soil at the lower part in a seedling tray is improved by more than one time, and is safer, so that the total concentration of ions in the nutritional soil at the upper part with the seeds is obviously reduced in the stages of seed germination, root pricking and seedling standing. According to the calculation of the dry weight, the nitrogen content and the like of hundreds of seedlings before transplanting, the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the seedbed fertilizer is as high as 35.8-48.4%, compared with the method disclosed by Lissary and the like, the nitrogen utilization efficiency is improved by 4.7-7.9 times, and at the same time, the biuret toxicity risk is avoided in the stages of seed germination, rooting and seedling establishment.
2. The invention has high seed utilization rate. The inventor surveys for many years to find that: the utilization rate of the seeds in transplanting of proper age is more than 65% as long as the germination rate of the seeds is more than 90% in both blanket-shaped machine-transplanted big seedlings and blanket-shaped machine-transplanted small seedlings. However, in the existing blanket-shaped machine-transplanted large seedling raising technology, due to the factors of overlarge seeding amount, insufficient fertility, insufficient chemical control strength and the like of each tray, two poles of the seedlings in the middle and later periods are seriously differentiated, some grown seedlings are lost in the survival competition among rice plants in the later period of the field, and finally, a large number of micro areas formed by small seedlings, yellow seedlings and dead seedlings with the seedling height of less than or equal to 10cm are generated on the seedling blocks of the field, so that the hole rate of the machine-transplanted large seedling field is rapidly increased just by the large generation of the micro areas, and the final utilization rate of the seeds is reduced. According to the invention, the fertilizer nitrogen supply of the seedbed is strictly controlled through strictly controlling the sowing amount (55-68 g dry seeds/tray), water and fertilizer coupling, and two times of accurate control, so that the seedling height of the rice plant, the leaf length of the 4 th leaf and the 5 th leaf and the leaf sheath length are strictly controlled, the cultivation of the blanket-shaped machine-transplanted strong seedlings is realized, the problems of seedling height channeling and large and small seedling differentiation are solved, the hole rate of the field is stably controlled to be below 5.0%, and the seed utilization rate is still kept to be above 65% when the seedling ages are 30-40 days.
3. The invention is simple and easy to operate. The method ensures that the blanket-shaped machine-transplanted tillered big seedlings are cultivated by measures of strictly controlling the seeding amount, controlling twice, regulating and controlling the fertilizer and nutrient supply of the seedbed by coupling water and fertilizer and the like, and the whole operation is simple, convenient and safe. Firstly, the seeding quantity (55-68 g dry seeds/disc) required by the invention can be realized on any special seeding production line for machine-transplanted rice seedlings, and the manual seeding is uniform and difficult to realize; secondly, the invention meets the nutrition requirement of the conventional japonica rice blanket-shaped machine-transplanted large seedlings in the whole seedling bed period by applying the seedbed fertilizer on the surface once, and does not need to fertilize the seedling bed for many times, and does not need to apply the fertilizer at the bottom in the tray, the weaning fertilizer and the relay fertilizer. Thirdly, the seedling stage chemical control required by the invention is realized by timely and sufficient spraying once after the covering is uncovered.
4. The heading premature delivery of the invention is high. Compared with the conventional close-sowing seedling machine transplanting control field block of japonica rice in the northern Jiangsu area, the invention has the advantages that the heading date of the demonstration field is 6-10 days earlier, the yield of rice is increased by more than 10 percent due to large heading, and the mature date is 10 days earlier and the annual high yield is promoted.
Detailed Description
The technical test of the conventional japonica rice blanket-shaped machine-transplanted big seedling cultivation is continuously participated in by a special crop planting cooperative society of Tianfeng in Shanshui county, Shanghai, 2019 and 2020 in nearly 5 years, and the cooperative society demonstrates the conventional japonica rice blanket-shaped machine-transplanted big seedling cultivation technology in a large area, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
1. enlarging a seedling bed: the ratio of the seedling bed to the field is 1: 58-70, irrigating water, preparing soil, making a seedbed and ditching 5-20 days before sowing, wherein the width of the bed surface is 140cm, the width of a seedling ditch is 25cm, the depth of the seedling ditch is about 15cm, and the width of peripheral ditches is more than 30cm and the depth of the peripheral ditches is about 25 cm; and (3) shoveling the height of the surface of the seedbed 1- 2 days before the seedbed is paved, filling and leveling the cracks, tamping, irrigating horse water for one time if the depth of the cracks generally exceeds 1.0cm, and leveling, filling and no cracks on the surface of the seedbed when the seedbed is paved.
2. Pre-sowing chemical control: preparing nutrient soil from plough layer soil of a high-yield field, completing sieving and impurity removal and Rough removal work (the diameter of a sieve pore is 0.5 cm) 2-10 days before sowing, and uniformly mixing a special seedling-strengthening agent for conventional japonica rice machine seedling transplantation according to a ratio of fertile soil to 1: 130-150 on the day of sowing.
3. Strictly controlling the seeding amount: 55-68 g dry seeds/plate (the specification of a seedling plate is 28cm multiplied by 58 cm), and the seedling consumption per mu of field is 35-42 plates.
4. Seed treatment: selecting seeds in sunny days and sunning for 1 day 2-10 days before sowing, selecting seeds by using a rice specific gravity winnowing machine, and on the day of sowing, according to the proportion of the medicines, water and seeds as 1: 2: 80-100 percent of prochloraz-metalaxyl wettable powder with the concentration of 3.5 percent is used for dressing seeds with the pesticide.
5. Sowing in advance: the seedling age is designed to be 35-40 days, a hard disk and a sowing flow line are used for sowing, and the thickness of covering soil is suitable for people who can not see seeds. If the transplanting progress is also required to be considered, batch sowing and batch seedling raising are carried out.
6. Applying a seed bed fertilizer: 1.0-1.2 kg of ammonium chloride and 0.5 kg of powdered diammonium phosphate are uniformly spread in each 100 trays of seedbed area before the trays are paved.
7. Paving a tray and covering: transversely butting two seedling trays together and placing the seedling trays on a seedbed, sequentially tiling the seedling trays, wherein the trays are closely and orderly arranged, and the bottoms of the trays are closely attached to the bed surface; after the seedlings are spread, the non-woven fabrics are covered, the edges are compacted, and the covered non-woven fabrics are removed by combined irrigation when the seedlings are 2.5.
8. Controlling moisture: after the first irrigation, the water surface is higher than the disc surfaces of all seedling trays in the seedling bed and is kept for 6-8 hours; keeping the nutrient soil in the disc moist before the three-leaf period, and alternately drying and wetting after the 3-leaf period; when the temperature is over 35 ℃, water needs to be supplied to the seedling bed in time so as to prevent the phenomena of dead buds, dead seedlings and dead seedlings caused by water shortage of nutrient soil in the tray; and draining accumulated water in the dry ditch in time in rainy days.
9. And (3) seedling stage chemical control: when the leaf age of the seedlings is 2.5-3.0, 4.5kg of paclobutrazol liquid medicine of 300mg/kg is sprayed once every 100 disks of seedlings.
10. Applying a medicine-grafting fertilizer: 200g of urea is applied in combination with the irrigation of a seedling field 2 days before the transplantation of 100 seedlings, and 0.8g of 25 percent pymetrozine powder is added with sufficient water for spraying 1 day before the transplantation.
11. The standard of strong seedling is as follows: when transplanting, the seedling block is firmly coiled and 1480-1880 plants/tray, the main stem and leaf age of the seedling is 5.0-6.3, the seedling height is 20-25 cm, 10-20% of plants are tillered, and the dry weight of hundreds of plants on the overground part is 5.0-7.0 g.
Demonstration results:
1. in 2019, the cooperative is used for cultivating 8.0 mu of rice seedlings, wherein the self-use rate is 5.3 mu: selecting a high-quality taste japonica rice variety Nanjing 9108 (thousand seed weight is 26.0 g, germination rate is 93.5%), sowing for 5 months and 8 days, sowing the seeds in 68g dry seeds/disc, transplanting the seedlings for 6 months and 13-16 days (seedling age is 36-39 days), wherein each disc of 1836 seedlings is transplanted, the leaf age of a main stem is 5.8-6.3, the seedling height is 23.5-24.5 cm, 14.5% of the plants with tillers and 28.2% of the plants with 'tillers' (namely the tops of leaf sheaths are obviously separated from pseudostems), the dry weight of hundreds of plants on the ground is 6.2-6.7 g, and the seed utilization rate is 70.2%; the cooperative has 387.0 mu of field which is all used for producing Huai' brand Nanjing 9108 high-quality rice, the seedling consumption per mu is 35 disks, 3.04 plants/hole are used, the seedlings are not replenished in the field, the hole rate of the field is 2.7 percent, the previous stubble wheat straws are returned to the field totally, and the using amount of the spike nitrogen fertilizer is reduced to 7.0 kgN/mu, so that the good taste is kept. The temperature suddenly drops in 29 days in 9 and 29 months in 2019 and lasts for 3 days, a management party cannot pay attention to timely irrigation to improve field temperature seedlings, so that the south japonica 9108 is premature and further the average yield is obviously reduced, and finally the yield per unit of actual harvest reaches 620.2 kg/mu, and the highest yield reaches 756 kg/mu. Even so, compared with the peripheral close-spaced machine-planted plantlets, the ear emergence date of the conventional blanket-shaped machine-planted big rice seedling is generally 5-7 days earlier, and the yield per unit of harvest is increased by 25-65 kg/mu.
2. In 2020, the cooperative is used for cultivating 8.0 mu of rice seedlings, wherein the self-use rate is 6.5 mu: selecting high-quality taste japonica rice variety Nanjing 5718 (thousand seed weight 28.4 g, germination rate 95.0%), sowing in 13 days in 5 months, sowing 55g dry seeds/tray, transplanting in 15-17 days in 6 months (seedling age 33-35 days), 1487 seedlings in each tray during transplanting, main stem leaf age 5.6-6.2, seedling height 22.5-24.3 cm, 12.8% of plants with tillers, 23.5% of plants with 'tillers', overground part hundred plants with dry weight 5.8-6.4 g and seed utilization rate 70.4%; the cooperative has 387.0 mu of land with 41.5 disks of seedling amount per mu, 30cm of row spacing, 11.0cm of plant spacing and 2.81 plants/hole, the seedling is not replenished in the land, the hole rate of the land is 2.6 percent, the whole amount of the previous wheat straws is returned to the field, and the total average yield still reaches 640 kg/mu even in the low-temperature rainy and poor-lighting weather lasting from 6 months 11 days to 7 months 30 days. Compared with the peripheral small seedlings planted by a blanket-shaped close seeder, the main stem and leaf age of the seedlings is increased by 2.1-3.8 leaves when the seedlings are transplanted in 2020, the dry weight of the hundred plants on the overground part is increased by 3.8-4.8 g, the heading date is generally earlier by 7-12 days in 2020, and the yield per unit harvest is increased by 55-120 kg/mu.
Claims (3)
1. A cultivation method of a conventional japonica rice blanket-shaped machine-transplanted tillering large seedling is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
expanding a seedling field: the ratio of the seedling bed to the field is 1: 50-72, preparing a seedling bed of the seedling bed in advance, wherein the surface of the seedling bed is solid, flat and crack-free when the seedling bed is spread;
and the pre-sowing chemical control: collecting high-yield field plough layer soil to serve as seedling tray nutrient soil, and on the day of sowing, mixing the soil with the fertilizer-soil ratio of 1: uniformly mixing 130-150 parts of special seedling strengthening agent for machine-transplanted japonica rice seedlings;
the sowing quantity is strictly controlled: the specification of the seedling tray is 28cm multiplied by 58cm, namely 1624 cm2Uniformly sowing 55-68 g of dry seeds/disc;
fourthly, sowing in advance: estimating the planting time and reversely pushing forward for 30-40 days to obtain the proper sowing time;
applying the seedbed fertilizer: uniformly spreading 1.0-1.2 kg of ammonium chloride and 0.5 kg of powdered diammonium phosphate in every 100 trays of seedbed area before spreading;
sixthly, spreading and covering: when the plate is laid, the plate and the plate are closely arranged; after the seedlings are spread, non-woven fabrics are covered, the edges are compacted, and the seedlings are removed before the leaf age of 2.5 in combination with irrigation;
aqua-hori control: after the first irrigation, the water surface is higher than the disc surfaces of all seedling trays in the seedling bed and is kept for 6-8 hours; keeping the nutrient soil in the disc moist before the three-leaf period, and alternately drying and wetting after the 3-leaf period;
and (3) seedling stage chemical control: when the leaf age of the seedlings is 2.5-3.0, spraying 3.5-4.5 kg of paclobutrazol liquid medicine 300mg/kg once per 100 disks of seedlings;
self-lifting fertilizer application: applying 160-200 g of urea to every 100 trays of seedlings in combination with the irrigation of a seedling bed 2-3 days before transplanting;
the standard strong seedling is cultivated through the steps: when transplanting, the seedling block is firmly coiled and 1480-1880 plants/tray, the main stem and leaf age of the seedling is 5.0-6.3, the seedling height is 20-25 cm, 10-20% of plants are tillered, and the dry weight of hundreds of plants on the overground part is 5.0-7.0 g.
2. the cultivation method of the conventional japonica rice blanket-shaped machine-transplanted tillering big seedling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: irrigating water, preparing soil, making seedbeds and ditching in the seedling bed 5-20 days before sowing; and (3) shoveling the height of the surface of the seedbed 1-2 days before the seedbed is paved, filling and leveling the cracks, and patting the surface of the seedbed, wherein one-time horse running water is needed to be poured if the depth of the cracks generally exceeds 1.0cm, so that the surface of the seedbed is ensured to be solid, flat and crack-free during the paving.
3. The cultivation method of the conventional japonica rice blanket-shaped machine-transplanted tillering big seedling as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: according to the transplanting progress, sowing and raising seedlings in batches.
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