CN113853906B - Dry land corn cultivation method - Google Patents
Dry land corn cultivation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113853906B CN113853906B CN202111298772.4A CN202111298772A CN113853906B CN 113853906 B CN113853906 B CN 113853906B CN 202111298772 A CN202111298772 A CN 202111298772A CN 113853906 B CN113853906 B CN 113853906B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- corn
- montmorillonite
- soil
- chitosan
- fertilizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
- C01B33/40—Clays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating dry-land corn, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: s1, seed treatment: screening to obtain high-quality corns, drying in the sun, dressing the seeds with a seed coating agent, and drying in the shade; s2, soil preparation: removing field impurities, weeding, deeply ploughing land, adding a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer, and then ploughing shallowly; s3, ridging and sowing; s4, field management: irrigating, thinning, final singling, fertilizing and irrigating; s5, pest control and timely harvest. The method realizes large-area planting of the corns in the dry land saline-alkali soil and improves the yield of the corns.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating dry-land corn.
Background
Drought and water shortage seriously affect the planting of crops, and the dry land planting causes serious soil erosion and serious water and nutrient loss because the surface soil is bare, so that the quality of cultivated land is gradually reduced. The unreasonable farming method leads the soil salinization to be increasingly intensified, and the problems of high pH value, high salt content, low nutrient availability in the soil, poor physical and chemical properties of the soil and the like of the salinization soil affect the growth and development of crops. Most of soluble salts in the saline-alkali soil are sodium salts, so that the soil is sticky and heavy, the soil colloid is dispersed and emulsified, the air permeability is poor, the soil swells and is muddy when meeting water, the water loss shrinkage is hard, the germination of crop seeds and the normal development of crops are seriously influenced, in addition, the excessive sodium ions in the soil are in alkaline reaction, plant tissues are directly damaged, the root systems of the crops are also easy to rot, the nutrient conversion is influenced, and phosphate fertilizers, trace elements and the like cannot be dissolved and lose efficacy. Therefore, the salinization of the soil has great harm to crops.
Corn is an annual cross-pollinated plant with the same male and female plants, the plant is tall and big, the stem is strong, the corn is an important food crop and feed crop, and the planting area and the total yield of the corn are only second to that of rice, wheat and corn, and the corn contains rich protein and fat. Vitamins, trace elements, cellulose and the like, and has great potential for developing high-nutrition and high-biological function foods. In the prior art, when the corn is planted in the dry land, the problem of irrigation of the corn is usually emphasized, and the influence of saline-alkali soil on the corn is ignored.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for cultivating the corns in the dry land, which realizes the large-area planting of the corns in the soil of the saline-alkali soil of the dry land and improves the yield of the corns.
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating dry-land corns, which comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment
Screening corn seeds, removing bad seeds and broken seeds, drying high-quality corn seeds in the sun for 3-4 days, dressing the seeds with a seed coating agent, and airing the seeds in the shade;
s2, soil preparation
Removing field impurities, weeding and leveling the field; deeply ploughing the land, airing for 4-6 days, then carrying out secondary deep ploughing, airing for 4-6 days, applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer on the soil surface, and then carrying out shallow ploughing;
the soil conditioner consists of modified montmorillonite, a microbial agent, humic acid and plant ash;
the base fertilizer is organic fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer;
s3, ridging and sowing
Ridging is carried out in a field, the distance between every two ridges is 80-100cm, sowing holes are dug on the ridges, the distance between every two sowing holes is 15-20cm, 2-3 seeds are put into each sowing hole, and soil is covered;
s4, field management
(1) Irrigating when the water content of the soil is lower than 12-15% after sowing and before emergence of seedlings so as to ensure the humidity of the soil;
(2) After seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out; carrying out daily weeding;
(3) Fertilizing and irrigating in the corn growth process;
s5, pest control and timely harvest.
Preferably, the modified montmorillonite is prepared according to the following method:
step 1, adding chitosan into an acetic acid solution to prepare a chitosan solution, adding crushed and sieved montmorillonite into the chitosan solution, stirring for 6-8h at 60-70 ℃, centrifuging until the supernatant is neutral, and drying for 12-18h at 50-60 ℃ to obtain chitosan @ montmorillonite; wherein the proportion of the chitosan, the acetic acid solution and the montmorillonite is 4-12g:2L:4-6g;
step 2, adding sodium lignosulfonate into ultrapure water to prepare a sodium lignosulfonate solution, adding the chitosan @ montmorillonite prepared in the step 1 into the sodium lignosulfonate solution, stirring for 4-6h at 50-60 ℃, after centrifugation, drying for 10-12h at 40-60 ℃ to obtain sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite; wherein the ratio of chitosan to acetic acid solution to chitosan to montmorillonite is 4-12g:2L:4-6g;
and 3, repeating the reaction of the step 1-2 for 1-3 times on the sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
Preferably, the soil conditioner is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 9-15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-3 parts of solid microbial agent, 15-25 parts of humic acid and 5-25 parts of plant ash.
Preferably, the soil conditioner is prepared according to the following method:
step 1, weighing 9-15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-3 parts of solid microbial agent, 15-25 parts of humic acid and 5-25 parts of plant ash according to parts by weight for later use;
and 2, uniformly mixing the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid and the solid microbial agent to obtain the soil conditioner.
Preferably, 300-500kg of organic fertilizer, 30-40kg of potassium fertilizer, 15-20kg of phosphate fertilizer and 100-200kg of soil conditioner are applied to each mu of S2.
Preferably, in S2, the organic fertilizer is decomposed manure.
Preferably, in S3, the cross section of each ridge is trapezoidal, the height of each ridge is 15-20cm, the width of the top surface of each ridge is 20-30cm, and the width of the bottom of each ridge is 40-50cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 5-10cm.
Preferably, in S4, when the number of seedling leaves reaches 3, thinning treatment is performed, and when the number of seedling leaves reaches 5, final singling treatment is performed.
Preferably, in S4, 5-10 kg/mu of urea fertilizer is applied in the corn growing process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the montmorillonite is modified by a layer-by-layer self-assembly method, so that the adsorbability and other properties are improved, and the nutrient absorption is improved.
According to the invention, before corn is sown, the soil conditioner is applied in the field, so that the pH value of the soil can be reduced, and the saline-alkali harm of the soil is reduced; enhance the permeability of the soil, improve the soil structure and enhance the soil fertility.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, the acetic acid used was 2% by volume, the corn seed used was zhengdan 958, the corn seed coating was obtained from beijing Feng Er le scientific and technological development ltd, the microbial inoculum used was prepared from bacillus subtilis ACCC10619, and the bacillus subtilis ACCC10619 was obtained from the China center for agricultural microbial culture collection.
In the following examples, the solid microbial agents were prepared as follows: activating bacillus subtilis ACCC10619 by adopting an LB slant culture medium at 37 +/-1 ℃, inoculating the activated strain in an LB liquid culture medium at 37 +/-1 ℃ for culturing for 2 days to obtain a seed solution, inoculating the seed solution into a solid matrix for fermentation, and drying at 30-35 ℃ to obtain the solid microbial agent.
The solid matrix formulation was as follows: 50g and K of soybean meal 2 HPO 4 1.28g, glucose 0.85g, KCl 0.17g, mgSO 4 0.21g, sodium glutamate 0.85g, feSO 4 0.13g、MnSO 4 0.26g、CuSO 4 0.13g of distilled water35ml, pH7.0. The formula of the solid matrix refers to ' optimization of a lipopeptide culture medium produced by solid fermentation of bacillus subtilis and preliminary identification of lipopeptide ', which is published in food industry science and technology ' 2019, no. 06, li Meng and the like.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
the modified montmorillonite is prepared according to the following method:
step 1, adding 4g of chitosan into 2L of acetic acid solution to prepare chitosan solution, adding 4g of crushed and sieved montmorillonite into the chitosan solution, stirring for 8 hours at 60 ℃, centrifuging until the supernatant is neutral, and drying for 18 hours at 50 ℃ to obtain chitosan @ montmorillonite;
step 2, adding 4g of sodium lignosulfonate into 2L of ultrapure water to prepare a sodium lignosulfonate solution, adding 4g of chitosan @ montmorillonite prepared in the step 1 into the sodium lignosulfonate solution, stirring for 6 hours at 50 ℃, and drying for 12 hours at 40 ℃ after centrifugation to obtain sodium lignosulfonate @ chitosan/montmorillonite;
step 3, repeating the reaction of the step 1-2 for 2 times by using sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite, namely replacing the montmorillonite in the step 1 with sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to prepare a product, namely chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite, and then replacing the chitosan @ montmorillonite in the step 2 with chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to prepare the product (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan) 2 @ montmorillonite; and then (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan) 2 @ montmorillonite the reaction of step 1-2 was repeated 1 time to obtain (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan) 3 Montmorillonite, i.e. modified montmorillonite.
Weighing 9 parts of modified montmorillonite, 4 parts of solid microbial agent, 20 parts of humic acid and 15 parts of plant ash in parts by weight; and uniformly mixing the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid and the microbial agent to obtain the soil conditioner.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
the modified montmorillonite is prepared according to the following method:
step 1, adding 10g of chitosan into 2L of acetic acid solution to prepare chitosan solution, adding 6g of crushed and sieved montmorillonite into the chitosan solution, stirring for 6 hours at 70 ℃, centrifuging until the supernatant is neutral, and drying for 12 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain chitosan @ montmorillonite;
step 2, adding 10g of sodium lignosulfonate into 2L of ultrapure water to prepare a sodium lignosulfonate solution, adding 6g of chitosan @ montmorillonite prepared in the step 1 into the sodium lignosulfonate solution, stirring for 4 hours at 60 ℃, and drying for 10 hours at 60 ℃ after the centrifugation is finished to obtain sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite;
step 3, repeating the reaction of the sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite in the step 1-2 for 1 time, namely replacing the montmorillonite in the step 1 with the sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to prepare a product, namely chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite, and replacing the chitosan @ montmorillonite in the step 2 with the chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to prepare the product (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan) 2 @ montmorillonite, i.e., modified montmorillonite.
Weighing 15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 3 parts of solid microbial agent, 15 parts of humic acid and 25 parts of plant ash according to parts by weight; and uniformly mixing the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid and the microbial agent to obtain the soil conditioner.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
the modified montmorillonite is prepared by the following method:
step 1, adding 12g of chitosan into 2L of acetic acid solution to prepare chitosan solution, adding 5g of crushed and sieved montmorillonite into the chitosan solution, stirring for 7 hours at 65 ℃, centrifuging until the supernatant is neutral, and drying for 15 hours at 55 ℃ to obtain chitosan @ montmorillonite;
step 2, adding 12g of sodium lignosulfonate into 2L of ultrapure water to prepare a sodium lignosulfonate solution, adding 5g of chitosan @ montmorillonite prepared in the step 1 into the sodium lignosulfonate solution, stirring at 55 ℃ for 5 hours, and after centrifugation is finished, drying at 55 ℃ for 11 hours to obtain sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite;
step 3, repeating the reaction of the step 1-2 for 3 times by using sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite, namely replacing the montmorillonite in the step 1 with sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to prepare a product, namely chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite, and then replacing the chitosan @ montmorillonite in the step 2 with chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to prepare the product (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan) 2 @ montmorillonite; then using (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan) 2 The reaction of step 1-2 was repeated 2 times with respect to @ montmorillonite to give (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan) 4 Montmorillonite, namely modified montmorillonite.
Weighing 12 parts of modified montmorillonite, 3 parts of solid microbial agent, 125 parts of humic acid and 10 parts of plant ash according to parts by weight; and uniformly mixing the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid and the microbial agent to obtain the soil conditioner.
The montmorillonite is modified, hydroxyl is contained on the surface of the montmorillonite and reacts with amino groups in chitosan to form hydrogen bonds, then the hydroxyl groups in the chitosan can form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups in sodium lignosulfonate, and the chitosan and the sodium lignosulfonate are introduced to the surface of the montmorillonite by a layer-by-layer self-assembly method to obtain the modified montmorillonite, so that the adsorption performance and the like are improved, and the nutrient absorption is improved. The microbial agent has the use function of increasing the total number of microorganisms in the soil and improving the permeability of the soil. The humic acid contains rich organic substances, can effectively improve the soil structure, is an acidic substance, can effectively neutralize alkaline substances in the soil, can be properly neutralized with the humic acid by adding the plant ash, keeps the pH value of the soil conditioner at 4.3-6.3 so as to avoid greatly reducing the pH value due to excessive humic acid, is a potassium fertilizer, and can enhance the fertility of the soil by the plant ash and the humic acid.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for cultivating dry-land corn, which comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment
Screening corn seeds, removing pest and necrotic seeds and broken seeds, performing turning once every 2 hours in the sun-drying process after 3 days of sun-drying the screened high-quality corn seeds, dressing seeds by using a special seed coating agent for corn after the sun-drying is finished, preventing and treating smut, and pests and underground pests in the seedling stage by using a 20% Fuke seed coating agent (comprising 10% Fumeishuang and 10% carbofuran) after the sun-drying is finished, and drying the seeds in the shade after the seed dressing is finished;
s2, soil preparation
Removing field impurities such as stones and the like, weeding and basically leveling the field; deeply ploughing the land, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30cm, airing for 4 days, then carrying out secondary deep ploughing, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30cm, airing for 4 days, then applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer on the soil surface, and then carrying out shallow ploughing, wherein the shallow ploughing depth is 15cm;
the soil conditioner used 300kg of the soil conditioner prepared in example 1;
the base fertilizer is 300kg of decomposed manure, 30kg of potash fertilizer and 10kg of phosphate fertilizer;
s3, ridging and sowing
Ridging is carried out in a field, the cross section of each ridge is trapezoidal, the height of each ridge is 15cm, the width of the top surface of each ridge is 20cm, and the width of the bottom of each ridge is 40cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 10cm. The distance between every two ridges is 80cm, sowing holes are dug on the ridges, the distance between every two sowing holes is 15cm, 2 seeds are put into every sowing hole, and soil is covered;
s4, field management
(1) Irrigating when the water content of soil is lower than 12% after sowing before seedling emergence, wherein the irrigation quantity per mu is 5m 3 To ensure soil moisture;
(2) After seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out, thinning is carried out after 3 leaves of the corn grow out, transplanting can be carried out from a place with high density when seedling shortage is found, final singling is carried out after 6 leaves grow out, and a corn seedling with good growth condition is kept in each sowing hole; and doing well for daily weeding;
(3) In the process of corn growthFertilizing and irrigating, and applying 10kg of urea fertilizer per mu after final singling is finished; the fertilizer can be applied near the sowing hole but can not be close to the root position of the corn, after the fertilizer is applied, the surface of the fertilizer is covered with soil with the thickness of 3cm, and 1kg of urea fertilizer is applied to each mu in the heading period; can irrigate 3m per mu after applying the fertilizer 3 The water can also be used for fertilizing the corns before rainfall; if the rainfall causes water accumulation in the field, the redundant water accumulation in the field needs to be discharged in time;
s5, preventing and treating the diseases and pests in the growth process of the corn, and killing the pests and the like by applying a physical prevention and treatment mode and the like to reduce the use of chemical medicines; and harvesting the corns at proper time.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a method for cultivating dry-land corn, which comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment
Screening corn seeds, removing pest and damaged seeds, performing turning once every 2 hours in the sun-drying process after sun-drying the screened high-quality corn seeds for 4 days, after sun-drying, dressing seeds by using a special seed coating agent for corn, wherein the seed coating agent is 20 percent of Fukekang seed coating agent (comprising 10 percent of thiram and 10 percent of carbofuran), preventing and treating smut, and seedling-stage pests and underground pests, and drying the seeds in the shade after seed dressing is completed;
s2, soil preparation
Removing field impurities such as stones and the like, weeding and basically leveling the field; deeply ploughing the land, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 40cm, airing for 6 days, then carrying out secondary deep ploughing, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 40cm, airing for 6 days, then applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer on the soil surface, and then carrying out shallow ploughing, wherein the shallow ploughing depth is 20cm;
the soil conditioner used was 400kg of the soil conditioner prepared in example 1;
the base fertilizer is 500kg of decomposed manure, 40kg of potash fertilizer and 20kg of phosphate fertilizer;
s3, ridging and sowing
Ridging is carried out in a field, the cross section of each ridge is trapezoidal, the height of each ridge is 20cm, the width of the top surface of each ridge is 30cm, and the width of the bottom of each ridge is 50cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 15cm. The distance between every two ridges is 100cm, sowing holes are dug on the ridges, the distance between every two sowing holes is 15cm, 3 seeds are put between every two sowing holes, and soil is covered;
s4, field management
(1) Irrigating when the water content of soil is lower than 15% after sowing before seedling emergence, wherein the irrigation quantity per mu is 5m 3 To ensure soil moisture;
(2) After seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out, thinning is carried out after 3 leaves grow out of the corn, transplanting can be carried out from a place with large density when seedling shortage is found, final singling is carried out after 6 leaves grow out, and a corn seedling with good growth condition is kept in each sowing hole; carrying out daily weeding;
(3) Fertilizing and irrigating in the corn growth process, and applying 12kg of urea fertilizer per mu after the final singling is finished; the fertilizer can be applied near the sowing hole but can not be close to the root position of the corn, after the fertilizer is applied, the surface of the fertilizer is covered with soil with the thickness of 3cm, and 0.8kg of urea fertilizer is applied to each mu in the heading period; can irrigate 4m per mu after applying the fertilizer 3 The water can also be used for fertilizing the corns before rainfall; if the field is accumulated with water due to rainfall, the excess accumulated water in the field needs to be drained in time;
s5, prevention and control are carried out on the diseases and insect pests in the corn growth process, the physical prevention and control mode can be applied to eliminate the insects and the like, and the use of chemical medicines is reduced; and harvesting the corns at proper time.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a method for cultivating dry-land corn, which comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment
Screening corn seeds, removing pest and necrotic seeds and broken seeds, performing turning once every 2 hours in the sun-drying process after the screened high-quality corn seeds are sun-dried for 4 days, dressing seeds by using a special seed coating agent for corn after the sun-drying is finished, preventing and treating smut, and pests and underground pests in the seedling stage by using a 20% Fuke seed coating agent (comprising 10% Fumeishuang and 10% carbofuran), and drying the seeds in the shade after the seed dressing is finished;
s2, soil preparation
Removing field impurities such as stones and the like, weeding and basically leveling the field; deeply ploughing the land, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30cm, airing for 5 days, then carrying out secondary deep ploughing, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30cm, airing for 5 days, then applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer on the soil surface, and then carrying out shallow ploughing, wherein the shallow ploughing depth is 20cm;
the soil conditioner used was 500kg of the soil conditioner prepared in example 2;
the base fertilizer is 400kg of decomposed manure, 35kg of potash fertilizer and 18kg of phosphate fertilizer;
s3, ridging and sowing
Ridging is carried out in the field, the cross section of each ridge is trapezoidal, the height of each ridge is 18cm, the width of the top surface of each ridge is 25cm, and the width of the bottom of each ridge is 45cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 12cm. The distance between every two ridges is 90cm, sowing holes are dug on the ridges, the distance between every two sowing holes is 13cm, 3 seeds are put between every two sowing holes, and soil is covered;
s4, field management
(1) Irrigating when the water content of soil is lower than 13% after sowing before emergence of seedlings, wherein the irrigation quantity per mu is 4.5m 3 To ensure soil moisture;
(2) After seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out, thinning is carried out after 4 leaves grow out of the corn, transplanting can be carried out from a place with large density when seedling shortage is found, final singling is carried out after 5 leaves grow out, and a corn seedling with good growth condition is kept in each sowing hole; and doing well for daily weeding;
(3) Fertilizing and irrigating in the corn growth process, and applying 12kg of urea fertilizer per mu after the final singling is finished; the fertilizer can be applied near the sowing hole but can not be close to the root position of the corn, after the fertilizer is applied, the surface of the fertilizer is covered with soil with the thickness of 3cm, and 0.8kg of urea fertilizer is applied to each mu in the heading period; after the fertilizer is applied, the water can be irrigated for 4m per mu 3 The water can also be used for fertilizing the corns before rainfall; if the rainfall causes water accumulation in the field, the redundant water accumulation in the field needs to be discharged in time;
s5, prevention and control are carried out on the diseases and insect pests in the corn growth process, the physical prevention and control mode can be applied to eliminate the insects and the like, and the use of chemical medicines is reduced; and harvesting the corns at proper time.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a method for cultivating dry-land corn, which comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment
Screening corn seeds, removing pest and damaged seeds, performing turning once every 2 hours in the sun-drying process after sun-drying the screened high-quality corn seeds for 4 days, after sun-drying, dressing seeds by using a special seed coating agent for corn, wherein the seed coating agent is 20 percent of Fukekang seed coating agent (comprising 10 percent of thiram and 10 percent of carbofuran), preventing and treating smut, and seedling-stage pests and underground pests, and drying the seeds in the shade after seed dressing is completed;
s2, soil preparation
Removing field sundries such as stones and the like, weeding and basically leveling the field; deeply ploughing the land, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 40cm, airing for 6 days, then carrying out secondary deep ploughing, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 40cm, airing for 6 days, then applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer on the soil surface, and then carrying out shallow ploughing, wherein the shallow ploughing depth is 20cm;
the soil conditioner used 400kg of the soil conditioner prepared in example 3;
the base fertilizer is 500kg of decomposed manure, 40kg of potash fertilizer and 20kg of phosphate fertilizer;
s3, ridging and sowing
Ridging is carried out in a field, the cross section of each ridge is trapezoidal, the height of each ridge is 20cm, the width of the top surface of each ridge is 30cm, and the width of the bottom of each ridge is 50cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 15cm. The distance between every two ridges is 100cm, sowing holes are dug on the ridges, the distance between every two sowing holes is 15cm, 3 seeds are put between every two sowing holes, and soil is covered;
s4, field management
(1) Irrigating when the water content of soil is lower than 15% after sowing before emergence of seedlings, wherein the irrigation quantity per mu is 5m 3 To ensure soil moisture;
(2) After seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out, thinning is carried out after 3 leaves grow out of the corn, transplanting can be carried out from a place with large density when seedling shortage is found, final singling is carried out after 6 leaves grow out, and a corn seedling with good growth condition is kept in each sowing hole; carrying out daily weeding;
(3) Fertilizing and irrigating in the corn growth process, and applying 12kg of urea fertilizer per mu after the final singling is finished; the fertilizer can be applied near the sowing hole but cannot be close to the root of the corn, after the fertilizer is applied, the surface of the fertilizer is covered with soil with the thickness of 3cm, and 0.8kg of urea fertilizer is applied to each mu in the heading period; can irrigate 4m per mu after applying the fertilizer 3 The water can also be used for fertilizing the corns before rainfall; if the rainfall causes water accumulation in the field, the redundant water accumulation in the field needs to be discharged in time;
s5, preventing and treating the diseases and pests in the growth process of the corn, and killing the pests and the like by applying a physical prevention and treatment mode and the like to reduce the use of chemical medicines; and harvesting the corns at proper time.
Comparative example 1
The corn cultivation method of comparative example 1 is different from that of example 2 in that: no soil conditioner was added.
The pH values of the soil conditioners of examples 1 to 3 and the emergence rates and corn yields of examples 4 to 7 were counted and the results were as follows:
TABLE 1 pH of soil conditioner for examples 1-3 and emergence rate and corn yield for examples 4-7
Note: in the table, "-" indicates no data.
As can be seen from Table 1, the emergence rate of corn was improved and the yield of corn was increased by the cultivation method of the present application.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. A method for cultivating dry-land corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seed treatment
Screening corn seeds, removing bad seeds and broken seeds, drying high-quality corn seeds in the sun for 3-4 days, dressing the seeds with a seed coating agent, and airing the seeds in the shade;
s2, soil preparation
Removing impurities in the field, weeding and leveling the field; deeply ploughing the land, airing for 4-6 days, then carrying out secondary deep ploughing, airing for 4-6 days, applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer on the soil surface, and then carrying out shallow ploughing;
the soil conditioner is prepared from modified montmorillonite, a microbial agent, humic acid and plant ash;
the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer;
the modified montmorillonite is prepared according to the following method:
step 1, adding chitosan into an acetic acid solution to prepare a chitosan solution, adding crushed and sieved montmorillonite into the chitosan solution, stirring for 6-8h at 60-70 ℃, centrifuging until the supernatant is neutral, and drying for 12-18h at 50-60 ℃ to obtain chitosan @ montmorillonite; wherein the proportion of the chitosan, the acetic acid solution and the montmorillonite is 4-12g:2L:4-6g;
step 2, adding sodium lignosulfonate into ultrapure water to prepare a sodium lignosulfonate solution, adding the chitosan @ montmorillonite prepared in the step 1 into the sodium lignosulfonate solution, stirring for 4-6h at 50-60 ℃, after centrifugation, drying for 10-12h at 40-60 ℃ to obtain sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite; wherein the ratio of the sodium lignin sulfonate, the ultrapure water and the chitosan @ montmorillonite is 4-12g:2L:4-6g;
step 3, repeating the reaction of the step 1-2 for 1-3 times on the sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to obtain modified montmorillonite;
s3, ridging and sowing
Ridging is carried out in a field, the distance between every two ridges is 80-100cm, sowing holes are dug on the ridges, the distance between every two sowing holes is 15-20cm, 2-3 seeds are put into each sowing hole, and soil is covered;
s4, field management
(1) Irrigating when the water content of the soil is lower than 15% after sowing and before seedling emergence so as to ensure the soil humidity;
(2) After seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out; and doing well for daily weeding;
(3) Fertilizing and irrigating in the corn growth process;
s5, pest control and timely harvest.
2. The method for cultivating the dry land corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 9-15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-4 parts of solid microbial agent, 15-25 parts of humic acid and 10-25 parts of plant ash.
3. The method for cultivating the dry land corn as claimed in claim 2, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, weighing 9-15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-4 parts of solid microbial agent, 15-25 parts of humic acid and 10-25 parts of plant ash according to parts by weight for later use;
and 2, uniformly mixing the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid and the solid microbial agent to obtain the soil conditioner.
4. The method for cultivating the dry land corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein 300-500kg of organic fertilizer, 30-40kg of potassium fertilizer, 10-20kg of phosphate fertilizer and 300-400kg of soil conditioner are applied to each mu in S2.
5. The method for cultivating corn on dry land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, the organic fertilizer is decomposed manure.
6. The method for cultivating the corn on the dry land as claimed in claim 5, wherein in S3, the cross section of each ridge is trapezoidal, the height of each ridge is 15-20cm, the width of the top surface of each ridge is 20-30cm, and the width of the bottom of each ridge is 40-50cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 10-15cm.
7. The method for cultivating corn on dry land as claimed in claim 6, wherein in S4, when the number of young seedling leaves reaches 3-4, thinning treatment is performed, and when the number of young seedling leaves reaches 5-6, final singling treatment is performed.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of applying urea fertilizer during the growth of the corn in step S4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111298772.4A CN113853906B (en) | 2021-11-04 | 2021-11-04 | Dry land corn cultivation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111298772.4A CN113853906B (en) | 2021-11-04 | 2021-11-04 | Dry land corn cultivation method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113853906A CN113853906A (en) | 2021-12-31 |
| CN113853906B true CN113853906B (en) | 2022-12-20 |
Family
ID=78986941
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111298772.4A Active CN113853906B (en) | 2021-11-04 | 2021-11-04 | Dry land corn cultivation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113853906B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117178687A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2023-12-08 | 云南省烟草公司红河州公司 | High-yield and high-quality cultivation method for sweet corn |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104945201A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-09-30 | 赵海银 | Technical method for preparing oxygen-source efficient humic acid and ecological environment-friendly multifunctional compound fertilizer and product |
| CN105499264B (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2019-04-16 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | A kind of saline-alkali soil improvement method using chitosan soil subsoiling agent |
| CN104987248A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-10-21 | 蒋文兰 | Production method of humic acid carbonized nutrient soil |
| CN105103915A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-02 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Method for cultivating all-film double-furrow sowing corn in dry land |
| CN105994334A (en) * | 2016-04-02 | 2016-10-12 | 江苏辉丰农化股份有限公司 | Plant growth regulator composition |
| CN106631327A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-05-10 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Special fertilizer for saline-alkali soil sugarcane |
| CN108722359A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2018-11-02 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of preparation method that carboxymethyl chitosan is modified montmorillonite used |
| US10835938B1 (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-11-17 | James Cheng-Shyong Lu | System and method for rapid reclamation of saline-sodic and heavy metal contaminated soils |
| US20210289691A1 (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2021-09-23 | Institute Of Agricultural Resources And Environment, Shandong Academy Of Agricultural Sciences | Method for fertilizing corn in semi-humid region for one time |
-
2021
- 2021-11-04 CN CN202111298772.4A patent/CN113853906B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113853906A (en) | 2021-12-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107493897B (en) | Method for promoting growth of sweet sorghum in saline-alkali soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and organic fertilizer | |
| AU2020101838A4 (en) | Method for no-tillage mixed-seeding astragalus sinicus and raphanus sativus l to restore soil fertility in double harvest rice area | |
| CN105409664A (en) | Method for interplanting wheat in paddy field | |
| CN113229029B (en) | Method for improving soil quality and yield of citrus fruit orchard in slope farmland | |
| CN108156874A (en) | Plant naringi crenulata and the method for improveing clay fertilizer situation in strand sandyization salt-soda soil | |
| CN107135801A (en) | It is a kind of to prevent the implantation methods of Spring Peanut continuous cropping obstacle | |
| CN110981586A (en) | Soil conditioner for northeast soda saline-alkali soil, preparation method of soil conditioner and method for planting corn by using soil conditioner | |
| CN110720362A (en) | Pollution-free planting method for tomatoes in winter | |
| CN113853906B (en) | Dry land corn cultivation method | |
| CN106576807A (en) | Planting method for promoting peanut growing and fruiting | |
| CN116003184B (en) | Fertilizer composition for improving quality of pearl guava fruits | |
| CN108901735B (en) | Efficient crop rotation fertilizing method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles and improving peanut plumpness | |
| CN111543263A (en) | Biological improvement method for moderate and mild saline-alkali soil of inner Mongolia | |
| CN110692306A (en) | Novel method for improving saline-alkali soil | |
| CN108718959A (en) | A kind of arid area millet cultural method | |
| Pandey et al. | Soyabeans as green manure in a maize intercropping system | |
| CN114751776A (en) | Mixed fungal fertilizer suitable for reduced fertilizer application of low-fertility farmland and application method | |
| CN114920593A (en) | Biological compound organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113816789A (en) | Fermented bacterial fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN112703979A (en) | Continuous cropping-resistant cultivation method for kylin melons | |
| CN109328841B (en) | Under-forest cultivation method for intercropping peanuts in red date trees | |
| CN107637417B (en) | Cultivation method of radix ophiopogonis | |
| CN111226724A (en) | Cultivation method for green prevention and control efficient cost-saving production of scutellaria baicalensis | |
| CN111492916A (en) | Planting method of organic selenium-rich rice | |
| CN109362508A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of organic millet |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |