CN117178687A - High-yield and high-quality cultivation method for sweet corn - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield and high-quality cultivation method for sweet corn, which comprises the following steps: step one: seed selection: selecting Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1 as the first generation, and collecting local soil for subsequent cultivation; step two: hybridization cultivation: selfing and hybridizing Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1, and selecting seeds with excellent characters for subsequent cultivation; step three: seed treatment: screening corn seeds, removing bad seeds and broken seeds, sun-drying high-quality corn seeds for 3-4 days, dressing seeds with seed coating agent, and airing in shade; the corn seeds obtained by screening and hybridizing the types of the corn before planting the corn are easy to show excellent characters in subsequent planting, the real-time monitoring of the temperature, humidity and other data of the planting land can be realized through a big data management mode in the subsequent planting process, and meanwhile, the corn seeds are combined with an irrigation system, so that the humidity of soil in the planting process of the sweet corn is ensured, and the yield of the planting of the sweet corn is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sweet corn planting, in particular to a high-yield and high-quality cultivation method for sweet corn.
Background
The sugar content of the sweet corn kernels is about 10 times higher than that of common corn, and the sweet corn kernels are mainly processed into sweet corn cans or are marketed as fresh ears, and the sweet corn kernels can be eaten raw or cooked, and are delicious in taste and high in digestibility, so that the sweet corn kernels are deeply favored by people.
Sweet corn is roughly classified into 3 kinds, namely, ordinary sweet corn, super sweet corn and enhanced sweet corn, according to their expression forms. The common sweet corn is found at the earliest time, the seeds of the common sweet corn contain more water and less starch, and nutrient substances are easy to be absorbed by human bodies; the super sweet corn is also called super sweet corn, the sugar in the corn kernel of the stuck rice is obviously high-dry common sweet stuck rice, the glutinous low-dry common sweet corn is concave and dry and thin in appearance, the frozen corn on the market is the super sweet corn, the enhanced sweet corn has wide application range, and the super sweet corn has the common advantages of common sweet corn and super sweet corn, is favored by people, and has wide development prospect.
Through searching, the invention patent with the Chinese patent number of CN108575728A discloses a field planting process of sweet waxy corn, which comprises the following steps: 1) Pure sweet waxy corn is used as pollinator, and waxy corn with the same sweet gene and waxy genotype is used as acceptor; or, adopting pure sweet waxy corn as a receptor and adopting waxy corn with the same sweet gene and waxy genotype as a pollinator; 2) Emasculating the recipient; 3) The pollinator and the receptor adopt a mixed planting mode; 4) Cross pollination is carried out on the receptor by pollinators; 5) Harvesting the ears of corn produced by the recipient; optionally, 6) harvesting the ear of corn produced by the pollinator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention patent with the Chinese patent number of CN108575728A provides a diversified fresh corn product so as to meet the sweet and waxy taste requirements of people on fresh corn.
But the method is lack of cultivation of planted corns and real-time monitoring in the subsequent corn planting process, so that the acre yield of sweet corns is reduced, and a high-yield and high-quality cultivation method of sweet corns is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defect that the prior art lacks of cultivation of planted corns and real-time monitoring in the subsequent corn planting process, so that the acre yield of sweet corns is reduced, and provides a high-yield and high-quality cultivation method of sweet corns.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-yield and high-quality cultivation method of sweet corn comprises the following steps:
step one: seed selection: selecting Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1 as the first generation, and collecting local soil for subsequent cultivation;
step two: hybridization cultivation: selfing and hybridizing Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1, and selecting seeds with excellent characters for subsequent cultivation;
step three: seed treatment: screening corn seeds, removing bad seeds and broken seeds, sun-drying high-quality corn seeds for 3-4 days, dressing seeds with seed coating agent, and airing in shade;
step four: preparing land: removing weeds in the land, leveling the land, and fertilizing and irrigating the land in the later period;
step five: sowing: planting in double rows according to a row spacing of 65cm and a plant spacing of 30cm with a row width of 1.3m, and putting 2-3 seeds between each sowing hole;
step six: and (3) field management: adopting big data type field management, installing a temperature and humidity sensor between the fields, and simultaneously arranging image monitoring outside the fields for real-time monitoring of the fields;
step seven: pest control: 15-20 g of 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule is mixed with water for spraying per hectare by a high-rod sprayer or an aviation mode
The technical scheme further comprises the following steps:
and (3) before land preparation, using 1500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40kg of compound fertilizer and 20kg of phosphate fertilizer for each mu, uniformly spreading the mixed materials as base fertilizer on the field, then turning over, leveling, and finally ditching and box preparation.
The hybridization incubation procedure is as follows:
the first step: selfing the first generation of the selected Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1, and selecting seeds with excellent properties as the second generation;
and a second step of: repeating the steps for three times until the third generation Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1 is bred, and taking the third generation Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1 as a female parent YT1;
thirdly, selecting corn with drought-resistant disease-resistant isogenic genes in the characters, and cultivating to obtain male parent corn YT-3, YT-4, YT-5 and YT-6;
fourth step: culturing YT-3, YT-4, YT-5 and YT-6, collecting pollen in YT-3, YT-4, YT-5 and YT-6, and mixing the pollen;
step five: artificial pollination is carried out on the female parent YT1 by the mixed pollen, and the pollinated corn is cultivated;
step six: selecting excellent neutral shape in the fifth step as a hybrid seed KP1;
step seven: the hybridized seed KP1 is selfed for a plurality of times until the corn seed with excellent and stable characters is selected and bred and is marked as ZF1, and the sweet corn is picked and fixed 21 days after the corn flowers.
After 15 days of seedling setting, the land is fertilized, and meanwhile, the fertilizer is fertilized periodically, shi Jiamiao fertilizer is fertilized when 5-6 leaves of corn grow, and the fertilizer is fertilized after 5kg urea and 4kg potassium chloride are diluted per mu.
The alarm threshold value set by the installed soil temperature and humidity sensor is that the soil humidity is 70%;
wherein the soil humidity in the seedling stage is controlled at 70%;
the soil humidity in the large horn mouth period, the heading and flowering period and the grouting period is controlled to be 70-80%.
The image monitoring system outside the field can realize real-time acquisition of the field image, and meanwhile, the temperature and humidity sensor is combined with the field irrigation system to automatically irrigate and supplement water for the field.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the invention, corn varieties are screened and hybridized before corn planting, so that the obtained sweet corn seeds are easier to show excellent characters in subsequent planting.
2. According to the invention, the real-time monitoring of the temperature, humidity and other data of the planting land can be realized through the big data management mode in the subsequent planting process, and meanwhile, the big data management mode is combined with an irrigation system to ensure the humidity of soil in the sweet corn planting process, so that the yield of sweet corn planting is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The first step: selfing the first generation of the selected Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1, and selecting seeds with excellent properties as the second generation;
and a second step of: repeating the steps for three times until the third generation Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1 is bred, and taking the third generation Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1 as a female parent YT1;
thirdly, selecting corn with drought-resistant disease-resistant isogenic genes in the characters, and cultivating to obtain male parent corn YT-3, YT-4, YT-5 and YT-6;
fourth step: culturing YT-3, YT-4, YT-5 and YT-6, collecting pollen in YT-3, YT-4, YT-5 and YT-6, and mixing the pollen;
step five: artificial pollination is carried out on the female parent YT1 by the mixed pollen, and the pollinated corn is cultivated;
step six: selecting excellent neutral shape in the fifth step as a hybrid seed KP1;
step seven: and (3) carrying out multiple selfing on the hybrid seed KP1 until the corn seed with excellent and stable properties is selected and bred, and marking the corn seed as ZF1.
Example 2
The first step: selfing the first generation of the selected Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1, and selecting seeds with excellent properties as the second generation;
and a second step of: repeating the steps for three times until the third generation Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1 is bred, and marking as ZF1.
Example 3
The first step: selfing the first generation of the selected Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1, and selecting seeds with excellent properties as the second generation;
and a second step of: repeating the steps for three times until the third generation Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1 is bred, and taking the third generation Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1 as a female parent YT1;
thirdly, selecting corn with drought-resistant disease-resistant isogenic genes in the characters, and cultivating to obtain male parent corn YT-3, YT-4, YT-5 and YT-6;
fourth step: culturing YT-3, YT-4, YT-5 and YT-6, collecting pollen in YT-3, YT-4, YT-5 and YT-6, and mixing the pollen;
step five: artificial pollination is carried out on the female parent YT1 by the mixed pollen, and the pollinated corn is cultivated;
step six: and selecting the sweet corn seeds with excellent neutrality in the fifth step as planted sweet corn seeds, and marking the sweet corn seeds as ZF1.
Example 4
Directly selecting Hunan nong sweet jade 1 sold in the market as the seed for subsequent planting.
Example 5
Step one: seed treatment: selecting ZF1 seeds in the example 1, screening corn seeds, removing bad seeds and broken seeds, sun-drying high-quality corn seeds for 3-4 days, dressing seeds with seed coating agent, and airing in a shade place;
the method comprises the steps of (1) uniformly spreading a thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer 1500kg, a compound fertilizer 40kg and a phosphate fertilizer 20kg per mu before soil preparation as base fertilizers after mixing, then turning over and leveling, and finally ditching and box preparation;
step two: preparing land: removing weeds in the land, leveling the land, and fertilizing and irrigating the land in the later period;
step three: sowing: planting in double rows with row spacing of 65cm and row spacing of 30cm according to the width of 1.3m of the box-type wide-packet ditch, putting 2-3 seeds between each sowing hole, and fertilizing the land after 15 days of seedling fixing, and meanwhile, periodically fertilizing;
shi Jiamiao fertilizer is applied when 5-6 leaves of corn grow, and 5kg urea and 4kg potassium chloride are diluted for each mu;
step four: and (3) field management: the method is characterized in that big data type field management is adopted, a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged between the fields, meanwhile, image monitoring is arranged outside the fields and used for monitoring the fields in real time, an image monitoring system outside the fields can realize real-time acquisition of the images of the fields, and meanwhile, the temperature and humidity sensor is combined with a field irrigation system to automatically irrigate and supplement water for the fields;
the alarm threshold value set by the installed soil temperature and humidity sensor is that the soil humidity is 70%;
wherein the soil humidity in the seedling stage is controlled at 70%;
the soil humidity in the large horn mouth period, the heading and flowering period and the grouting period is controlled to be 70-80 percent;
step five: pest control: 15-20 g of 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule is mixed with water for spraying every hectare by a high-stem sprayer or an aviation mode, and the sweet corn is picked and fixed 21 days after the corn flowers.
Example 6
Step one: seed treatment: selecting ZF1 seeds in the example 2, screening corn seeds, removing bad seeds and broken seeds, sun-drying high-quality corn seeds for 3-4 days, dressing seeds with seed coating agent, and airing in a shade place;
the method comprises the steps of (1) uniformly spreading a thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer 1500kg, a compound fertilizer 40kg and a phosphate fertilizer 20kg per mu before soil preparation as base fertilizers after mixing, then turning over and leveling, and finally ditching and box preparation;
step two: preparing land: removing weeds in the land, leveling the land, and fertilizing and irrigating the land in the later period;
step three: sowing: planting in double rows with row spacing of 65cm and row spacing of 30cm according to the width of 1.3m of the box-type wide-packet ditch, putting 2-3 seeds between each sowing hole, and fertilizing the land after 15 days of seedling fixing, and meanwhile, periodically fertilizing;
shi Jiamiao fertilizer is applied when 5-6 leaves of corn grow, and 5kg urea and 4kg potassium chloride are diluted for each mu;
step four: and (3) field management: the method is characterized in that big data type field management is adopted, a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged between the fields, meanwhile, image monitoring is arranged outside the fields and used for monitoring the fields in real time, an image monitoring system outside the fields can realize real-time acquisition of the images of the fields, and meanwhile, the temperature and humidity sensor is combined with a field irrigation system to automatically irrigate and supplement water for the fields;
the alarm threshold value set by the installed soil temperature and humidity sensor is that the soil humidity is 70%;
wherein the soil humidity in the seedling stage is controlled at 70%;
the soil humidity in the large horn mouth period, the heading and flowering period and the grouting period is controlled to be 70-80 percent;
step five: pest control: 15-20 g of 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule is mixed with water for spraying every hectare by a high-stem sprayer or an aviation mode, and the sweet corn is picked and fixed 21 days after the corn flowers.
Example 7
Step one: seed treatment: selecting ZF1 seeds in the embodiment 3, screening corn seeds, removing bad seeds and broken seeds, sun-drying high-quality corn seeds for 3-4 days, then dressing seeds by using a seed coating agent, and airing in a shade place;
the method comprises the steps of (1) uniformly spreading a thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer 1500kg, a compound fertilizer 40kg and a phosphate fertilizer 20kg per mu before soil preparation as base fertilizers after mixing, then turning over and leveling, and finally ditching and box preparation;
step two: preparing land: removing weeds in the land, leveling the land, and fertilizing and irrigating the land in the later period;
step three: sowing: planting in double rows with row spacing of 65cm and row spacing of 30cm according to the width of 1.3m of the box-type wide-packet ditch, putting 2-3 seeds between each sowing hole, and fertilizing the land after 15 days of seedling fixing, and meanwhile, periodically fertilizing;
shi Jiamiao fertilizer is applied when 5-6 leaves of corn grow, and 5kg urea and 4kg potassium chloride are diluted for each mu;
step four: and (3) field management: the method is characterized in that big data type field management is adopted, a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged between the fields, meanwhile, image monitoring is arranged outside the fields and used for monitoring the fields in real time, an image monitoring system outside the fields can realize real-time acquisition of the images of the fields, and meanwhile, the temperature and humidity sensor is combined with a field irrigation system to automatically irrigate and supplement water for the fields;
the alarm threshold value set by the installed soil temperature and humidity sensor is that the soil humidity is 70%;
wherein the soil humidity in the seedling stage is controlled at 70%;
the soil humidity in the large horn mouth period, the heading and flowering period and the grouting period is controlled to be 70-80 percent;
step five: pest control: 15-20 g of 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule is mixed with water for spraying every hectare by a high-stem sprayer or an aviation mode, and the sweet corn is picked and fixed 21 days after the corn flowers.
Example 8
Step one: seed treatment: selecting ZF1 seeds in the example 4, screening corn seeds, removing bad seeds and broken seeds, sun-drying high-quality corn seeds for 3-4 days, dressing seeds with seed coating agent, and airing in a shade place;
the method comprises the steps of (1) uniformly spreading a thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer 1500kg, a compound fertilizer 40kg and a phosphate fertilizer 20kg per mu before soil preparation as base fertilizers after mixing, then turning over and leveling, and finally ditching and box preparation;
step two: preparing land: removing weeds in the land, leveling the land, and fertilizing and irrigating the land in the later period;
step three: sowing: planting in double rows with row spacing of 65cm and row spacing of 30cm according to the width of 1.3m of the box-type wide-packet ditch, putting 2-3 seeds between each sowing hole, and fertilizing the land after 15 days of seedling fixing, and meanwhile, periodically fertilizing;
shi Jiamiao fertilizer is applied when 5-6 leaves of corn grow, and 5kg urea and 4kg potassium chloride are diluted for each mu;
step four: and (3) field management: the method is characterized in that big data type field management is adopted, a temperature and humidity sensor is arranged between the fields, meanwhile, image monitoring is arranged outside the fields and used for monitoring the fields in real time, an image monitoring system outside the fields can realize real-time acquisition of the images of the fields, and meanwhile, the temperature and humidity sensor is combined with a field irrigation system to automatically irrigate and supplement water for the fields;
the alarm threshold value set by the installed soil temperature and humidity sensor is that the soil humidity is 70%;
wherein the soil humidity in the seedling stage is controlled at 70%;
the soil humidity in the large horn mouth period, the heading and flowering period and the grouting period is controlled to be 70-80 percent;
step five: pest control: 15-20 g of 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granule is mixed with water for spraying every hectare by a high-stem sprayer or an aviation mode, and the sweet corn is picked and fixed 21 days after the corn flowers.
Corn yields planted in examples 5-8 were tested, two acres were planted in each group, and the test results were as follows:
| project | No. 1 land (kg) | No. 2 land (kg) | Average yield (kg) |
| Example 5 | 867.4 | 857.1 | 862.3 |
| Example 6 | 841.3 | 851.2 | 846.3 |
| Example 7 | 849.5 | 846.5 | 848.0 |
| Example 8 | 825.1 | 815.3 | 820.2 |
In conclusion, the types of corns are screened and hybridized before corn planting, so that the obtained sweet corn seeds are easier to show excellent characters in subsequent planting, the real-time monitoring of the data such as the temperature and humidity of the planting land can be realized through a big data management mode in the subsequent planting process, and meanwhile, the humidity of soil in the sweet corn planting process is ensured by combining with an irrigation system, so that the yield of sweet corn planting is improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The high-yield and high-quality sweet corn cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: seed selection: selecting Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1 as the first generation, and collecting local soil for subsequent cultivation;
step two: hybridization cultivation: selfing and hybridizing Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1, and selecting seeds with excellent characters for subsequent cultivation;
step three: seed treatment: screening corn seeds, removing bad seeds and broken seeds, sun-drying high-quality corn seeds for 3-4 days, dressing seeds with seed coating agent, and airing in shade;
step four: preparing land: removing weeds in the land, leveling the land, and fertilizing and irrigating the land in the later period;
step five: sowing: planting in double rows according to a row spacing of 65cm and a plant spacing of 30cm with a row width of 1.3m, and putting 2-3 seeds between each sowing hole;
step six: and (3) field management: adopting big data type field management, installing a temperature and humidity sensor between the fields, and simultaneously arranging image monitoring outside the fields for real-time monitoring of the fields;
step seven: pest control: 15-20 g of water-mixed imidacloprid water dispersible granule with the concentration of 70% is sprayed by a high-rod sprayer or an aviation mode.
2. The high-yield and high-quality sweet corn cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that 1500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40kg of compound fertilizer and 20kg of phosphate fertilizer are mixed and then uniformly spread on a field, the field is turned over and leveled, and ditching and box trimming are carried out before land preparation.
3. The method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality sweet corn according to claim 1, wherein the process of hybridization cultivation is as follows:
the first step: selfing the first generation of the selected Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1, and selecting seeds with excellent properties as the second generation;
and a second step of: repeating the steps for three times until the third generation Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1 is bred, and taking the third generation Xiangnong sweet jade No. 1 as a female parent YT1;
thirdly, selecting corn with drought-resistant disease-resistant isogenic genes in the characters, and cultivating to obtain male parent corn YT-3, YT-4, YT-5 and YT-6;
fourth step: culturing YT-3, YT-4, YT-5 and YT-6, collecting pollen in YT-3, YT-4, YT-5 and YT-6, and mixing the pollen;
step five: artificial pollination is carried out on the female parent YT1 by the mixed pollen, and the pollinated corn is cultivated;
step six: selecting excellent neutral shape in the fifth step as a hybrid seed KP1;
step seven: and (3) carrying out multiple selfing on the hybrid seed KP1 until the corn seed with excellent and stable properties is selected and bred, and marking the corn seed as ZF1.
4. The method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality sweet corn according to claim 1, wherein the land is fertilized 15 days after the final seedling, and the fertilization is performed periodically.
5. The method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality sweet corn according to claim 1, wherein Shi Jiamiao fertilizer is applied when 5-6 leaves of the corn grow, and the fertilizer is applied after 5kg urea and 4kg potassium chloride are diluted per mu.
6. The method for cultivating high-yield and high-quality sweet corn according to claim 1, wherein the alarm threshold value set by the installed soil temperature and humidity sensor is 70% of soil humidity;
wherein the soil humidity in the seedling stage is controlled at 70%;
the soil humidity in the large horn mouth period, the heading and flowering period and the grouting period is controlled to be 70-80%.
7. The method for cultivating high-quality sweet corn according to claim 1, wherein the sweet corn is picked 21 days after the maize flower.
8. The high-yield and high-quality sweet corn cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the image monitoring system outside the field can collect field images in real time, and meanwhile, the temperature and humidity sensor is combined with the field irrigation system to automatically irrigate and supplement water for the field.
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Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105191625A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-12-30 | 太仓市惠其农机专业合作社 | Pollution-free high-yield cultivation method for sweet corn |
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| CN113950926A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-21 | 青岛农业大学 | Intelligent water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated irrigation system and irrigation method thereof |
| CN114946306A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-08-30 | 山东滨州国家农业科技园区管理服务中心(滨州黄河三角洲高效生态产业现代技术研究院) | Corn planting and cultivating method suitable for saline-alkali soil |
| CN115918518A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-04-07 | 温州科技职业学院 | Breeding and cultivating method for sweet waxy corn hybrid |
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2023
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| CN105191625A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-12-30 | 太仓市惠其农机专业合作社 | Pollution-free high-yield cultivation method for sweet corn |
| CN106576865A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-04-26 | 贵州学君电子信息商贸有限公司 | Planting method of improving sweetness and increasing yield of Meizhen sweet corns |
| CN106973664A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-07-25 | 安徽金培因科技有限公司 | A kind of corn planting method based on data acquisition |
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| CN113950926A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-21 | 青岛农业大学 | Intelligent water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated irrigation system and irrigation method thereof |
| CN113853906A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2021-12-31 | 山西农业大学 | Dry land corn cultivation method |
| CN114946306A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-08-30 | 山东滨州国家农业科技园区管理服务中心(滨州黄河三角洲高效生态产业现代技术研究院) | Corn planting and cultivating method suitable for saline-alkali soil |
| CN115918518A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-04-07 | 温州科技职业学院 | Breeding and cultivating method for sweet waxy corn hybrid |
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