CN113853906A - Dry land corn cultivation method - Google Patents
Dry land corn cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113853906A CN113853906A CN202111298772.4A CN202111298772A CN113853906A CN 113853906 A CN113853906 A CN 113853906A CN 202111298772 A CN202111298772 A CN 202111298772A CN 113853906 A CN113853906 A CN 113853906A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating dry-land corn, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: s1, seed treatment: screening to obtain high-quality corns, drying in the sun, dressing the seeds with a seed coating agent, and drying in the shade; s2, soil preparation: removing field impurities, weeding, deeply ploughing land, adding a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer, and then ploughing shallowly; s3, ridging and sowing; s4, field management: irrigating, thinning, final singling, fertilizing and irrigating; s5, pest control and timely harvest. The method realizes large-area planting of the corns in the dry land saline-alkali soil and improves the yield of the corns.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating dry-land corn.
Background
Drought and water shortage seriously affect the planting of crops, and the dry land planting causes serious soil erosion and serious water and nutrient loss due to exposed surface soil, so that the quality of cultivated land is gradually reduced. The unreasonable cultivation mode leads the soil salinization to be increasingly intensified, and the saline-alkali soil has the problems of high pH value, large salt content, low nutrient availability in the soil, poor physical and chemical properties of the soil and the like, thereby influencing the growth and development of crops. Most of soluble salts in the saline-alkali soil are sodium salts, so that the soil is sticky and heavy, the soil colloid is dispersed and emulsified, the air permeability is poor, the soil swells and is muddy when meeting water, the water loss shrinkage is hard, the germination of crop seeds and the normal development of crops are seriously influenced, in addition, the excessive sodium ions in the soil are in alkaline reaction, plant tissues are directly damaged, the root systems of the crops are also easy to rot, the nutrient conversion is influenced, and phosphate fertilizers, trace elements and the like cannot be dissolved and lose efficacy. Therefore, the salinization of the soil has great harm to crops.
Corn is an annual cross-pollinated plant with the same male and female plants, the plant is tall and big, the stem is strong, the corn is an important food crop and feed crop, and the planting area and the total yield of the corn are only second to that of rice, wheat and corn, and the corn contains rich protein and fat. Vitamins, trace elements, cellulose and the like, and has great potential for developing high-nutrition and high-biological function foods. In the prior art, when the corn is planted in the dry land, the irrigation problem of the corn is usually emphasized, and the influence of saline-alkali soil on the corn is ignored.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for cultivating the corns in the dry land, which realizes the large-area planting of the corns in the soil of the saline-alkali soil of the dry land and improves the yield of the corns.
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating dry-land corns, which comprises the following steps:
s1 seed treatment
Screening corn seeds, removing bad seeds and broken seeds, drying high-quality corn seeds in the sun for 3-4 days, dressing the seeds with a seed coating agent, and airing the seeds in the shade;
s2 preparation of soil
Removing impurities in the field, weeding and leveling the field; deeply ploughing the land, airing for 4-6 days, then carrying out secondary deep ploughing, airing for 4-6 days, applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer on the soil surface, and then carrying out shallow ploughing;
the soil conditioner consists of modified montmorillonite, a microbial agent, humic acid and plant ash;
the base fertilizer is organic fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer;
s3, ridging and sowing
Ridging is carried out in a field, the distance between every two ridges is 80-100cm, sowing holes are dug on the ridges, the distance between every two sowing holes is 15-20cm, 2-3 seeds are put into each sowing hole, and soil is covered;
s4, field management
(1) Irrigating when the water content of the soil is lower than 12-15% after sowing and before emergence of seedlings so as to ensure the humidity of the soil;
(2) after seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out; and doing well for daily weeding;
(3) fertilizing and irrigating in the corn growth process;
s5, pest control and timely harvest.
Preferably, the modified montmorillonite is prepared according to the following method:
step 1, adding chitosan into an acetic acid solution to prepare a chitosan solution, adding crushed and sieved montmorillonite into the chitosan solution, stirring for 6-8h at 60-70 ℃, centrifuging until the supernatant is neutral, and drying for 12-18h at 50-60 ℃ to obtain chitosan @ montmorillonite; wherein the proportion of the chitosan, the acetic acid solution and the montmorillonite is 4-12 g: 2L: 4-6 g;
step 2, adding sodium lignosulfonate into ultrapure water to prepare a sodium lignosulfonate solution, adding the chitosan @ montmorillonite prepared in the step 1 into the sodium lignosulfonate solution, stirring for 4-6h at 50-60 ℃, after centrifugation, drying for 10-12h at 40-60 ℃ to obtain sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite; wherein the ratio of chitosan, acetic acid solution and chitosan/montmorillonite is 4-12 g: 2L: 4-6 g;
and 3, repeating the reaction of the sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite in the step 1-2 for 1-3 times to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
Preferably, the soil conditioner is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 9-15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-3 parts of solid microbial agent, 15-25 parts of humic acid and 5-25 parts of plant ash.
Preferably, the soil conditioner is prepared according to the following method:
step 1, weighing 9-15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-3 parts of solid microbial agent, 15-25 parts of humic acid and 5-25 parts of plant ash according to parts by weight for later use;
and 2, uniformly mixing the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid and the solid microbial agent to obtain the soil conditioner.
Preferably, in S2, 300-500kg of organic fertilizer, 30-40kg of potassium fertilizer, 15-20kg of phosphate fertilizer and 100-200kg of soil conditioner are applied per mu.
Preferably, in S2, the organic fertilizer is decomposed manure.
Preferably, in S3, the cross section of each ridge is trapezoidal, the height of each ridge is 15-20cm, the width of the top surface of each ridge is 20-30cm, and the width of the bottom of each ridge is 40-50 cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, in S4, when the number of seedling leaves reaches 3, thinning treatment is performed, and when the number of seedling leaves reaches 5, final singling treatment is performed.
Preferably, in S4, the urea fertilizer is applied at a rate of 5-10 kg/mu during the growth of corn.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the montmorillonite is modified by a layer-by-layer self-assembly method, so that the adsorbability and other properties are improved, and the nutrient absorption is improved.
According to the invention, before corn is sown, the soil conditioner is applied in the field, so that the pH value of the soil can be reduced, and the saline-alkali harm of the soil is reduced; enhance the permeability of the soil, improve the soil structure and enhance the soil fertility.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, the acetic acid used is 2% by volume, the corn seed used is zhengdan 958, the corn special seed coating is obtained from Beijing Torrel scientific and technological development Limited, the microbial inoculum used is prepared from bacillus subtilis ACCC10619, and the bacillus subtilis ACCC10619 is obtained from China agricultural microbial strain preservation management center.
In the following examples, the solid microbial agents were prepared as follows: activating bacillus subtilis ACCC10619 by adopting an LB slant culture medium at 37 +/-1 ℃, inoculating the activated strain in an LB liquid culture medium at 37 +/-1 ℃ for culturing for 2 days to obtain a seed solution, inoculating the seed solution into a solid matrix for fermentation, and drying at 30-35 ℃ to obtain the solid microbial agent.
The solid matrix formulation was as follows: 50g and K of soybean meal2HPO41.28g, glucose 0.85g, KCl 0.17g, MgSO40.21g, sodium glutamate 0.85g, FeSO40.13g、MnSO40.26g、CuSO40.13g, 35ml of distilled water, pH 7.0. The formula of the solid matrix refers to 'optimization of a lipopeptide culture medium produced by solid fermentation of bacillus subtilis and preliminary identification of lipopeptide', which is published by plum sprout et al in 'food industry science and technology' 2019, No.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
the modified montmorillonite is prepared according to the following method:
step 1, adding 4g of chitosan into 2L of acetic acid solution to prepare chitosan solution, adding 4g of crushed and sieved montmorillonite into the chitosan solution, stirring for 8 hours at 60 ℃, centrifuging until the supernatant is neutral, and drying for 18 hours at 50 ℃ to obtain chitosan @ montmorillonite;
step 2, adding 4g of sodium lignosulfonate into 2L of ultrapure water to prepare a sodium lignosulfonate solution, adding 4g of chitosan @ montmorillonite prepared in the step 1 into the sodium lignosulfonate solution, stirring for 6 hours at 50 ℃, and drying for 12 hours at 40 ℃ after centrifugation to obtain sodium lignosulfonate @ chitosan/montmorillonite;
step 3, repeating the reaction of the step 1-2 for 2 times by using sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite, namely replacing the montmorillonite in the step 1 with sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to prepare a product, namely chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite, and then replacing the chitosan @ montmorillonite in the step 2 with chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to prepare the product (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan)2@ montmorillonite; then using (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan)2@ montmorillonite the reaction of step 1-2 was repeated 1 time to give (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan)3Montmorillonite, i.e. modified montmorillonite.
Weighing 9 parts of modified montmorillonite, 4 parts of solid microbial agent, 20 parts of humic acid and 15 parts of plant ash according to parts by weight; and uniformly mixing the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid and the microbial agent to obtain the soil conditioner.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
the modified montmorillonite is prepared according to the following method:
step 1, adding 10g of chitosan into 2L of acetic acid solution to prepare chitosan solution, adding 6g of crushed and sieved montmorillonite into the chitosan solution, stirring for 6 hours at 70 ℃, centrifuging until supernatant is neutral, and drying for 12 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain chitosan @ montmorillonite;
step 2, adding 10g of sodium lignosulfonate into 2L of ultrapure water to prepare a sodium lignosulfonate solution, adding 6g of chitosan @ montmorillonite prepared in the step 1 into the sodium lignosulfonate solution, stirring for 4 hours at 60 ℃, and drying for 10 hours at 60 ℃ after centrifugation to obtain sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite;
step 3, repeating the reaction of the step 1-2 for 1 time by using the sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite, namely replacing the montmorillonite in the step 1 with the sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to prepare a product, namely chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite, and then adding the chitosan/lignin sulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to the reaction mixtureSodium sulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite replaces the chitosan @ montmorillonite in step 2 to prepare (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan)2@ montmorillonite, i.e., modified montmorillonite.
Weighing 15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 3 parts of solid microbial agent, 15 parts of humic acid and 25 parts of plant ash according to parts by weight; and uniformly mixing the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid and the microbial agent to obtain the soil conditioner.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
the modified montmorillonite is prepared according to the following method:
step 1, adding 12g of chitosan into 2L of acetic acid solution to prepare chitosan solution, adding 5g of crushed and sieved montmorillonite into the chitosan solution, stirring for 7 hours at 65 ℃, centrifuging until the supernatant is neutral, and drying for 15 hours at 55 ℃ to obtain chitosan @ montmorillonite;
step 2, adding 12g of sodium lignosulfonate into 2L of ultrapure water to prepare a sodium lignosulfonate solution, adding 5g of chitosan @ montmorillonite prepared in the step 1 into the sodium lignosulfonate solution, stirring for 5 hours at 55 ℃, and drying for 11 hours at 55 ℃ after centrifugation to obtain sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite;
step 3, repeating the reaction of the step 1-2 for 3 times by using sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite, namely replacing the montmorillonite in the step 1 with sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to prepare a product, namely chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite, and then replacing the chitosan @ montmorillonite in the step 2 with chitosan/sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite to prepare the product (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan)2@ montmorillonite; then using (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan)2@ montmorillonite the reaction of step 1-2 was repeated 2 times to give (sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan)4Montmorillonite, i.e. modified montmorillonite.
Weighing 12 parts of modified montmorillonite, 3 parts of solid microbial agent, 125 parts of humic acid and 10 parts of plant ash according to parts by weight; and uniformly mixing the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid and the microbial agent to obtain the soil conditioner.
The montmorillonite is modified, hydroxyl is contained on the surface of the montmorillonite and reacts with amino groups in chitosan to form hydrogen bonds, then the hydroxyl groups in the chitosan can form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups in sodium lignosulfonate, and the chitosan and the sodium lignosulfonate are introduced to the surface of the montmorillonite by a layer-by-layer self-assembly method to obtain the modified montmorillonite, so that the adsorption performance and the like are improved, and the nutrient absorption is improved. The microbial agent has the use function of increasing the total number of microorganisms in the soil and improving the permeability of the soil. The humic acid contains rich organic substances, can effectively improve the soil structure, is an acidic substance, can effectively neutralize alkaline substances in the soil, can be properly neutralized with the humic acid by adding the plant ash, keeps the pH value of the soil conditioner at 4.3-6.3 so as to avoid greatly reducing the pH value due to excessive humic acid, is a potassium fertilizer, and can enhance the fertility of the soil by the plant ash and the humic acid.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for cultivating dry-land corn, which comprises the following steps:
s1 seed treatment
Screening corn seeds, removing pest and damaged seeds, performing turning once every 2 hours in the sun-drying process after sun-drying the screened high-quality corn seeds for 3 days, after sun-drying, dressing seeds by using a special seed coating agent for corn, wherein the seed coating agent is 20 percent of Fukekang seed coating agent (comprising 10 percent of thiram and 10 percent of carbofuran), preventing and treating smut, and seedling-stage pests and underground pests, and after dressing seeds, drying the seeds in the shade;
s2 preparation of soil
Removing field impurities such as stones and the like, weeding and basically leveling the field; deeply ploughing the land, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30cm, airing for 4 days, then carrying out secondary deep ploughing, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30cm, airing for 4 days, then applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer on the soil surface, and then carrying out shallow ploughing, wherein the shallow ploughing depth is 15 cm;
the soil conditioner used was 300kg of the soil conditioner prepared in example 1;
the base fertilizer is 300kg of decomposed manure, 30kg of potash fertilizer and 10kg of phosphate fertilizer;
s3, ridging and sowing
Ridging is carried out in a field, the cross section of each ridge is trapezoidal, the height of each ridge is 15cm, the width of the top surface of each ridge is 20cm, and the width of the bottom of each ridge is 40 cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 10 cm. The distance between every two ridges is 80cm, sowing holes are dug on the ridges, the distance between every two sowing holes is 15cm, 2 seeds are put into every sowing hole, and soil is covered;
s4, field management
(1) Irrigating when the water content of soil is lower than 12% after sowing before emergence of seedlings, wherein the irrigation quantity per mu is 5m3To ensure soil moisture;
(2) after seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out, thinning is carried out after 3 leaves grow out of the corn, transplanting can be carried out from a place with large density when seedling shortage is found, final singling is carried out after 6 leaves grow out, and a corn seedling with good growth condition is kept in each sowing hole; and doing well for daily weeding;
(3) fertilizing and irrigating in the corn growth process, and applying 10kg of urea fertilizer per mu after the final singling is finished; the fertilizer can be applied near the sowing hole but can not be close to the root position of the corn, after the fertilizer is applied, the surface of the fertilizer is covered with soil with the thickness of 3cm, and 1kg of urea fertilizer is applied to each mu in the heading period; can irrigate 3m per mu after applying the fertilizer3The water can also be used for fertilizing the corns before rainfall; if the rainfall causes water accumulation in the field, the redundant water accumulation in the field needs to be discharged in time;
s5, the prevention and control are carried out on the diseases and insect pests in the corn growth process, the physical prevention and control mode can be applied to eliminate the pests and the like, and the use of chemical medicines is reduced; and harvesting the corns at proper time.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a method for cultivating dry-land corn, which comprises the following steps:
s1 seed treatment
Screening corn seeds, removing pest and damaged seeds, performing turning once every 2 hours in the sun-drying process after sun-drying the screened high-quality corn seeds for 4 days, after sun-drying, dressing seeds by using a special seed coating agent for corn, wherein the seed coating agent is 20 percent of Fukekang seed coating agent (comprising 10 percent of thiram and 10 percent of carbofuran), preventing and treating smut, and seedling-stage pests and underground pests, and drying the seeds in the shade after seed dressing is completed;
s2 preparation of soil
Removing field impurities such as stones and the like, weeding and basically leveling the field; deeply ploughing the land, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 40cm, airing for 6 days, then carrying out secondary deep ploughing, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 40cm, airing for 6 days, then applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer on the soil surface, and then carrying out shallow ploughing, wherein the shallow ploughing depth is 20 cm;
the soil conditioner used was 400kg of the soil conditioner prepared in example 1;
the base fertilizer is 500kg of decomposed manure, 40kg of potash fertilizer and 20kg of phosphate fertilizer;
s3, ridging and sowing
Ridging is carried out in a field, the cross section of each ridge is trapezoidal, the height of each ridge is 20cm, the width of the top surface of each ridge is 30cm, and the width of the bottom of each ridge is 50 cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 15 cm. The distance between every two ridges is 100cm, sowing holes are dug on the ridges, the distance between every two sowing holes is 15cm, 3 seeds are put between every two sowing holes, and soil is covered;
s4, field management
(1) Irrigating when the water content of soil is lower than 15% after sowing before emergence of seedlings, wherein the irrigation quantity per mu is 5m3To ensure soil moisture;
(2) after seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out, thinning is carried out after 3 leaves grow out of the corn, transplanting can be carried out from a place with large density when seedling shortage is found, final singling is carried out after 6 leaves grow out, and a corn seedling with good growth condition is kept in each sowing hole; and doing well for daily weeding;
(3) fertilizing and irrigating in the corn growth process, and applying 12kg of urea fertilizer per mu after the final singling is finished; the fertilizer can be applied near the sowing hole but can not be close to the root position of the corn, after the fertilizer is applied, the surface of the fertilizer is covered with soil with the thickness of 3cm, and 0.8kg of urea fertilizer is applied to each mu in the heading period; after fertilizer is applied, each time4m for mu irrigation3The water can also be used for fertilizing the corns before rainfall; if the rainfall causes water accumulation in the field, the redundant water accumulation in the field needs to be discharged in time;
s5, the prevention and control are carried out on the diseases and insect pests in the corn growth process, the physical prevention and control mode can be applied to eliminate the pests and the like, and the use of chemical medicines is reduced; and harvesting the corns at proper time.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a method for cultivating dry-land corn, which comprises the following steps:
s1 seed treatment
Screening corn seeds, removing pest and damaged seeds, performing turning once every 2 hours in the sun-drying process after sun-drying the screened high-quality corn seeds for 4 days, after sun-drying, dressing seeds by using a special seed coating agent for corn, wherein the seed coating agent is 20 percent of Fukekang seed coating agent (comprising 10 percent of thiram and 10 percent of carbofuran), preventing and treating smut, and seedling-stage pests and underground pests, and drying the seeds in the shade after seed dressing is completed;
s2 preparation of soil
Removing field impurities such as stones and the like, weeding and basically leveling the field; deeply ploughing the land, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30cm, airing for 5 days, then carrying out secondary deep ploughing, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30cm, airing for 5 days, then applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer on the soil surface, and then carrying out shallow ploughing, wherein the shallow ploughing depth is 20 cm;
the soil conditioner used was 500kg of the soil conditioner prepared in example 2;
the base fertilizer is 400kg of decomposed manure, 35kg of potash fertilizer and 18kg of phosphate fertilizer;
s3, ridging and sowing
Ridging is carried out in the field, the cross section of each ridge is trapezoidal, the height of each ridge is 18cm, the width of the top surface of each ridge is 25cm, and the width of the bottom of each ridge is 45 cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 12 cm. The distance between every two ridges is 90cm, sowing holes are dug on the ridges, the distance between every two sowing holes is 13cm, 3 seeds are put between every two sowing holes, and soil is covered;
s4, field management
(1) After sowing and before emergence of seedlings, in soilIrrigating with water content less than 13%, and irrigation amount per mu is 4.5m3To ensure soil moisture;
(2) after seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out, thinning is carried out after 4 leaves grow out of the corn, transplanting can be carried out from a place with large density when seedling shortage is found, final singling is carried out after 5 leaves grow out, and a corn seedling with good growth condition is kept in each sowing hole; and doing well for daily weeding;
(3) fertilizing and irrigating in the corn growth process, and applying 12kg of urea fertilizer per mu after the final singling is finished; the fertilizer can be applied near the sowing hole but can not be close to the root position of the corn, after the fertilizer is applied, the surface of the fertilizer is covered with soil with the thickness of 3cm, and 0.8kg of urea fertilizer is applied to each mu in the heading period; can irrigate 4m per mu after applying the fertilizer3The water can also be used for fertilizing the corns before rainfall; if the rainfall causes water accumulation in the field, the redundant water accumulation in the field needs to be discharged in time;
s5, the prevention and control are carried out on the diseases and insect pests in the corn growth process, the physical prevention and control mode can be applied to eliminate the pests and the like, and the use of chemical medicines is reduced; and harvesting the corns at proper time.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a method for cultivating dry-land corn, which comprises the following steps:
s1 seed treatment
Screening corn seeds, removing pest and damaged seeds, performing turning once every 2 hours in the sun-drying process after sun-drying the screened high-quality corn seeds for 4 days, after sun-drying, dressing seeds by using a special seed coating agent for corn, wherein the seed coating agent is 20 percent of Fukekang seed coating agent (comprising 10 percent of thiram and 10 percent of carbofuran), preventing and treating smut, and seedling-stage pests and underground pests, and drying the seeds in the shade after seed dressing is completed;
s2 preparation of soil
Removing field impurities such as stones and the like, weeding and basically leveling the field; deeply ploughing the land, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 40cm, airing for 6 days, then carrying out secondary deep ploughing, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 40cm, airing for 6 days, then applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer on the soil surface, and then carrying out shallow ploughing, wherein the shallow ploughing depth is 20 cm;
the soil conditioner used 400kg of the soil conditioner prepared in example 3;
the base fertilizer is 500kg of decomposed manure, 40kg of potash fertilizer and 20kg of phosphate fertilizer;
s3, ridging and sowing
Ridging is carried out in a field, the cross section of each ridge is trapezoidal, the height of each ridge is 20cm, the width of the top surface of each ridge is 30cm, and the width of the bottom of each ridge is 50 cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 15 cm. The distance between every two ridges is 100cm, sowing holes are dug on the ridges, the distance between every two sowing holes is 15cm, 3 seeds are put between every two sowing holes, and soil is covered;
s4, field management
(1) Irrigating when the water content of soil is lower than 15% after sowing before emergence of seedlings, wherein the irrigation quantity per mu is 5m3To ensure soil moisture;
(2) after seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out, thinning is carried out after 3 leaves grow out of the corn, transplanting can be carried out from a place with large density when seedling shortage is found, final singling is carried out after 6 leaves grow out, and a corn seedling with good growth condition is kept in each sowing hole; and doing well for daily weeding;
(3) fertilizing and irrigating in the corn growth process, and applying 12kg of urea fertilizer per mu after the final singling is finished; the fertilizer can be applied near the sowing hole but can not be close to the root position of the corn, after the fertilizer is applied, the surface of the fertilizer is covered with soil with the thickness of 3cm, and 0.8kg of urea fertilizer is applied to each mu in the heading period; can irrigate 4m per mu after applying the fertilizer3The water can also be used for fertilizing the corns before rainfall; if the rainfall causes water accumulation in the field, the redundant water accumulation in the field needs to be discharged in time;
s5, the prevention and control are carried out on the diseases and insect pests in the corn growth process, the physical prevention and control mode can be applied to eliminate the pests and the like, and the use of chemical medicines is reduced; and harvesting the corns at proper time.
Comparative example 1
The corn cultivation method of comparative example 1 is different from that of example 2 in that: no soil conditioner was added.
The pH values of the soil conditioners of examples 1 to 3 and the emergence rates and corn yields of examples 4 to 7 were counted, and the results were as follows:
TABLE 1 pH of soil conditioners of examples 1-3 and emergence rates and corn yields of examples 4-7
Note: in the table, "-" indicates no data.
As can be seen from Table 1, the emergence rate of corn was improved and the yield of corn was increased by the cultivation method of the present application.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. A method for cultivating dry-land corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 seed treatment
Screening corn seeds, removing bad seeds and broken seeds, drying high-quality corn seeds in the sun for 3-4 days, dressing the seeds with a seed coating agent, and airing the seeds in the shade;
s2 preparation of soil
Removing impurities in the field, weeding and leveling the field; deeply ploughing the land, airing for 4-6 days, then carrying out secondary deep ploughing, airing for 4-6 days, applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer on the soil surface, and then carrying out shallow ploughing;
the soil conditioner is prepared from modified montmorillonite, a microbial agent, humic acid and plant ash;
the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer;
s3, ridging and sowing
Ridging is carried out in a field, the distance between every two ridges is 80-100cm, sowing holes are dug on the ridges, the distance between every two sowing holes is 15-20cm, 2-3 seeds are put into each sowing hole, and soil is covered;
s4, field management
(1) Irrigating when the water content of the soil is lower than 12-15% after sowing and before emergence of seedlings so as to ensure the humidity of the soil;
(2) after seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out; and doing well for daily weeding;
(3) fertilizing and irrigating in the corn growth process;
s5, pest control and timely harvest.
2. The method for cultivating the dry land corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modified montmorillonite is prepared according to the following method:
step 1, adding chitosan into an acetic acid solution to prepare a chitosan solution, adding crushed and sieved montmorillonite into the chitosan solution, stirring for 6-8h at 60-70 ℃, centrifuging until the supernatant is neutral, and drying for 12-18h at 50-60 ℃ to obtain chitosan @ montmorillonite; wherein the proportion of the chitosan, the acetic acid solution and the montmorillonite is 4-12 g: 2L: 4-6 g;
step 2, adding sodium lignosulfonate into ultrapure water to prepare a sodium lignosulfonate solution, adding the chitosan @ montmorillonite prepared in the step 1 into the sodium lignosulfonate solution, stirring for 4-6h at 50-60 ℃, after centrifugation, drying for 10-12h at 40-60 ℃ to obtain sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite; wherein the ratio of chitosan, acetic acid solution and chitosan/montmorillonite is 4-12 g: 2L: 4-6 g;
and 3, repeating the reaction of the sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan @ montmorillonite in the step 1-2 for 1-3 times to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
3. The method for cultivating the dry land corn as claimed in claim 2, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 9-15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-4 parts of solid microbial agent, 15-25 parts of humic acid and 10-25 parts of plant ash.
4. The method for cultivating the dry land corn as claimed in claim 3, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, weighing 9-15 parts of modified montmorillonite, 2-4 parts of solid microbial agent, 15-25 parts of humic acid and 10-25 parts of plant ash according to parts by weight for later use;
and 2, uniformly mixing the modified montmorillonite, plant ash, humic acid and the solid microbial agent to obtain the soil conditioner.
5. The method for cultivating the dry land corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, 500kg organic fertilizer, 30-40kg potassium fertilizer, 10-20kg phosphate fertilizer and 300-400kg soil conditioner are applied per mu.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in S2, the organic fertilizer is decomposed manure.
7. The method for cultivating the dry land corn as claimed in claim 6, wherein in S3, the cross section of the ridge is trapezoidal, the height of the ridge is 15-20cm, the width of the top surface of the ridge is 20-30cm, and the width of the bottom of the ridge is 40-50 cm; the diameter of the sowing hole is 10-15 cm.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in step S4, when the number of young seedling leaves reaches 3-4, thinning treatment is performed, and when the number of young seedling leaves reaches 5-6, final singling treatment is performed.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of applying urea fertilizer is performed during the growing process of the corn in step S4.
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