CN110249902A - A kind of perennial grape high-survival rate method for transplanting not influencing Growth status - Google Patents
A kind of perennial grape high-survival rate method for transplanting not influencing Growth status Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G2013/004—Liquid mulch
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to wine-growing technical fields, more particularly to a kind of perennial grape high-survival rate method for transplanting for not influencing Growth status.Including following effective procedure, soil deep ploughing is carried out to transplanting crop field, spreads fertilizer over the fields quick lime, after sunning 10~15 days, applies 2 side's organic fertilizers per acre, backfill watering is heavy real.Compared with prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are, the present invention is by providing a kind of perennial grape high-survival rate method for transplanting for not influencing Growth status, effectively according to the problems of during the growth characteristics of grape and transplanting, the method for specifying science, and then ensure the survival rate of grape, while not influencing the growth of current year after grape transplanting.Method provided by the present invention is simple and convenient to operate, is low in cost, and large-scale promotion is suitble to use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wine-growing technical field, more particularly to a kind of perennial grape height for not influencing Growth status at
Motility rate method for transplanting.
Background technique
Grape is Vitaceae Vitis bejuco, and sprig is cylindrical, there is a vertical rib line, hairless or by sparse pubescence,
Leaf oval, panicle is intensive or evacuates, and base portion branch is flourishing, and fruit is spherical or oval, the month at florescence 4-5, fruiting period 8-9
Month.
Grape is most ancient one of the fruit tree species in the world, and the fossil plant of grape is found in Tertiary Stratigraphy, explanation
It had been dispersed throughout Europe, Asia and Greenland at that time.Grape originates in western part of Asia, there is cultivation all over the world, and grape all over the world is about
95% integrated distribution is on the Northern Hemisphere.
Currently, much regional in China, being limited to the rental period expires and the problems such as land development, needs to growth many years
Grape is transplanted, and the implantation methods of existing grape lack adult tree body mainly in the transplanting culture of grape training seedling
Transplanting guidance, survival rate is lower, planted again for this purpose, farmer can only often destroy, and then influence farmer income, be
This, there is an urgent need to the perennial grape high-survival rate method for transplanting that one kind can not influence Growth status.
Summary of the invention
The present invention carries out perennial grape to transplant existing technical problem for the effective method of above-mentioned shortage, proposes
A kind of method is simple, one kind low in cost and high survival rate does not influence the perennial grape high-survival rate transplanting side of Growth status
Method.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that it is raw that one kind provided by the invention does not influence tree body
Long perennial grape high-survival rate method for transplanting, including following effective procedure:
A, soil deep ploughing is carried out to transplanting crop field, spreads fertilizer over the fields quick lime and it is organic applies 2~3 sides per acre after sunning 10~15 days
Fertilizer, backfill watering are heavy real；
B, in the leaf fall period of transplanting the previous year, before soil freezes, the grape transplanted will be needed to dig out from soil.Play tree
When, according to the size of tree, big cave is dug as far as possible, retains the original soil in root, forms round soil ball.After digging well, vine is carried out
Cutting lateral root cuts off and hurts root and too long root, keeps root system complete；
C, planting pit and field planting ditch have been dug according to the size of grape root system soil ball, the grape main stem transplanted is crawled in backfill
Crawl, which was fallen, paves, and a upper hill is padded at rhizome, prevents main stem backfin, is then all covered, is poured by complicated and confused with soil
It is permeable, grape was unearthed in 4~5 days, is watered after other grapes start rudiment after second year spring；It is after being unearthed that branches and tendrils are first on the ground
It puts 5~7 days, waits bud eyes when starting to sprout again complicated and confused restocking, and uniformly tie up on frame face；
D, after grape germination, primary every watering in 10~15 days, company is poured three times, will spread fertilizer over the fields a urine before watering every time
Element, 40~50 grams every plant, it is a small amount of repeatedly, in combination with foliage application, with 0.3% urea and the mixed spray of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or
It is applied alone, spray is primary every other week, after June, does not use urea；
E, bud picking is typically carried out twice, and first time bud picking carries out at rudiment initial stage, and this time bud picking is mainly by trunk, main stem
The rudiment of base portion and the accessory bud in twin shoot are erased, and pay attention to staying healthy and strong big bud, and follow dilute place is stayed more, Mi Chu is stayed less,
The principle that weak bud does not stay, second of bud picking after first time bud picking 10 days or so carry out, mainly erase last time more stay bud, after sprout
Germination, useless bud and position improperly bud, will guarantee the ventilation and penetrating light of tree body, determine the tip 20 days left sides generally after lamina after bud picking
Right beginning, young sprout is long to 10~20cm at this time, can select and remain the sturdy young sprout with inflorescence, remove overstocked branch and weak branch, infuse simultaneously
Basic neat and consistent is wanted in the young sprout growth left of anticipating, and every 10~15cm stays a young sprout, and every square metre is stayed 10~12 young sprouts；
F, finally reinforce fertilizer and water management and integrated pest prevention and control according to traditional way to manage, guarantee tree body healthy growth
?.
Preferably, before carrying out soil deep ploughing to transplanting crop field, first applying sustained release according to 100 jin per acre in a step
Compound fertilizer, in slow-release compound fertilizer, indolebutyric acid sodium accounts for the 0.1%~0.5% of total weight, and fulvic acid accounts for the 1% of total weight
~5%.
Preferably, organic fertilizer is that coco bran and biogas residue are mixed according to the ratio that mass ratio is 4~5:1 in a step
Organic fertilizer.
Preferably, in the Step d, using film-forming type antitranspirant, indolebutyric acid sodium mix 0.3% urea and
The mixed spray of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, the film-forming type antitranspirant accounts for the 0.1% of total weight, the indolebutyric acid sodium accounts for total weight
0.5%.
Compared with prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are,
1, the present invention is by providing a kind of perennial grape high-survival rate method for transplanting for not influencing Growth status, effectively
According to the method for the problems of during the growth characteristics and transplanting of grape, formulating science, and then ensure grape
Survival rate, while the growth of current year after grape transplanting is not influenced.Method provided by the present invention is simple and convenient to operate, is at low cost
It is honest and clean, it is suitble to large-scale promotion to use.
Specific embodiment
To better understand the objects, features and advantages of the present invention, below with reference to embodiment to this hair
It is bright to be described further.It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiments herein and embodiment can
To be combined with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, still, the present invention may be used also
To be implemented using other modes described herein are different from, therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific of specification is described below
The limitation of embodiment.
Embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides the perennial grape high-survival rate method for transplanting for not influencing Growth status
Firstly, slow-release compound fertilizer is applied according to 100 jin per acre to crop field will be transplanted, and in slow-release compound fertilizer, indoles
Sodium butyrate accounts for the 0.1%~0.5% of total weight, and fulvic acid accounts for the 1%~5% of total weight, and indolebutyric acid sodium is living with auxin
Property is not easy to convey in vivo after plant absorption, often rests on the position of processing.Therefore, indolebutyric acid sodium is primarily to facilitate
Rooting of cuttings.It bears thin using cutting after indolebutyric acid sodium and dredges, the root system more than bifurcated.For grow many years grape root system and
Speech, it is most important that promote root system fast-growth, and in the present embodiment, after digging out grape, the original soil in root can be retained
Earth forms round soil ball, and before indolebutyric acid sodium to be uniformly sprinkling upon to transplanting crop field, in this way, can more make indoles in deep ploughing
Sodium butyrate is in each position of grape root system spherical surface, it is ensured that root system is comprehensively grown.
And fulvic acid has promotion plant growth as broad-spectrum plant growth regulator, it especially can suitable control crop blade face
The openness of stomata reduces transpiration, plays an important role to drought resisting, can improve anti-adversity ability, volume increase and improving quality effect, growth
After the transfer, since root system is damaged, the metabolic activity of root system reduces the grape of many years, and not up to normal metabolic water
It is flat, cause soil moisture and Nutrient Absorption to reduce, meanwhile, transpiration can continue to cause the intracorporal moisture of grape and constantly scatter and disappear,
And then there is physiological water shortage, and fulvic acid then reduces transpiration, it is ensured that moisture.
After the completion of fertilising, soil deep ploughing is carried out to transplanting crop field, quick lime is spread fertilizer over the fields, dries 10~15 days, the master of quick lime
Syllabus is exactly to sterilize.
Then, 2~3 side's organic fertilizers are applied per acre, backfill watering is heavy real, in order to provide nutrition required for grape produces,
The organic fertilizer that organic fertilizer preferentially selects coco bran and biogas residue to mix according to the ratio that mass ratio is 4~5:1, specifically, coco bran accounts for
15% or so of organic fertilizer gross mass, coco bran are cocoanut husk fiber dusts, are the coconut by-products or discarded after processing
Object.It is a kind of pure natural organic matter medium under falling off in cocoanut husk fiber process.The use of coco bran has centainly
Yielding ground purpose, while being able to maintain again wet, when in use, coco bran uses after taking stack retting 6 months, and the purpose of stack retting makes coconut palm
Chaff further ferments, and is utilized its nutritional ingredient preferably.
And biogas residue is then solid residue of the organic waste after methane-generating pit Biogas, except containing a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus,
Outside the available nutrients such as potassium, organic matter, humic acid and active material also rich in, be capable of providing transplanting after needed for nutrition at
Point.
In the leaf fall period of transplanting the previous year, before soil freezes, the grape transplanted will be needed to dig out from soil, at this time risen
The purpose of tree is mainly that trees enter fallen leaves dormant period at this time, and transpiration is minimum, and energy consumption is also minimum, when playing tree, root
According to the size of tree, big cave is dug as far as possible, retains the original soil in root, forms round soil ball.The structure of round soil ball can also guarantee
Root system comes into full contact with indolebutyric acid sodium and fulvic acid, and then promotes the Fast Growth of root system.
After digging well, cutting lateral root is carried out to vine, cuts off and hurts root and too long root, keeps root system complete.Then,
Planting pit and field planting ditch have been dug according to the size of grape root system soil ball, the grape main stem transplanted is crawled to fall and be paved by backfill,
A upper hill is padded at rhizome, prevents main stem backfin, is then all covered, is sprinkled profoundly water, to second by complicated and confused with soil
Spring in year, grape was unearthed by other grapes for 4~5 days after starting rudiment, watered；Branches and tendrils are first put 5~7 days on the ground after being unearthed, etc.
It again complicated and confused restocking when bud eye starts to sprout, and uniformly ties up on frame face, branches and tendrils, which are laid flat, is conducive to inhibit apical dominance, and then promotees
Neat, the consistency sprouted into bud eye.
After grape germination, primary every watering in 10~15 days, company is poured three times, will spread fertilizer over the fields a urine before watering every time
Element, 40~50 grams every plant, it is a small amount of repeatedly, in combination with foliage application, with 0.3% urea and the mixed spray of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or
It is applied alone, it is more preferred to mix 0.3% urea with film-forming type antitranspirant, indolebutyric acid sodium and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is mixed
Spray.Wherein, film-forming type antitranspirant accounts for 0.1%, indolebutyric acid sodium accounting 0.5%.Spray is primary every other week, after June, no
Urea is reused, other are continued to use, and the main purpose of film-forming type antitranspirant still reduces transpiration, and film-forming type antitranspirant has
Wilt-Pruf, VaporGard, Mobileaf etc. can be used.
After the transfer, since root system is damaged, the metabolic activity of root system reduces the grape of growth many years, and not up to just
Normal metaboilic level causes soil moisture and Nutrient Absorption to reduce, meanwhile, transpiration can continue to cause the intracorporal moisture of grape
It constantly scatters and disappears, and then physiological water shortage occurs, mix be sprayed into membranous type antitranspirant purpose at this time, exactly reduce transpiration, meanwhile,
Promote the further growth of root system using indolebutyric acid sodium.
Bud picking is typically carried out twice, and first time bud picking carries out at rudiment initial stage, and this time bud picking is mainly by trunk, main stem base
The rudiment in portion and the accessory bud in twin shoot are erased, and pay attention to staying healthy and strong big bud, and follow that dilute place is stayed more, Mi Chu is stayed less, weak
The principle that bud does not stay, second of bud picking carry out for 10 days or so after first time bud picking, and bud that last time of mainly erasing is stayed more rear is sprouted
Bud, useless bud and position improperly bud, will guarantee the ventilation and penetrating light of tree body, determine the tip 20 days or so generally after lamina after bud picking
Start, young sprout is long to 10~20cm at this time, can select and remain the sturdy young sprout with inflorescence, remove overstocked branch and weak branch, pay attention to simultaneously
Basic neat and consistent is wanted in the young sprout growth left, and every 10~15cm stays a young sprout, and every square metre is stayed 10~12 young sprouts, bud picking
Main purpose is exactly to concentrate trunk infusion, so that bud stayed, the nutrition of available abundance, preferably growth and development.
Finally reinforce fertilizer and water management and integrated pest prevention and control according to traditional way to manage, guarantees that tree body healthy growth is
It can.The purpose strengthened management is exactly that watering in usually one month is primary, is changed to one month twice or two months are done by three times
Processing.
Grape transplanting is carried out in Jinan City, Shandong Province Shandong Province grape research institute proving ground using the above method, after transplanting
Spring be unearthed restocking when survival rate 98.47%, after June survival rate 97.90% and when annual output it is normal.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not that the invention has other forms of limitations, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
It imitates embodiment and is applied to other fields, but without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling to the above embodiments, still fall within the protection scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the perennial grape high-survival rate method for transplanting that one kind does not influence Growth status, which is characterized in that including following effective
Step:
A, soil deep ploughing is carried out to transplanting crop field, spreads fertilizer over the fields quick lime and applies 2~3 side's organic fertilizers per acre after sunning 10~15 days,
Backfill watering is heavy real；
B, in the leaf fall period of transplanting the previous year, before soil freezes, the grape transplanted will be needed to dig out from soil.
When playing tree, according to the size of tree, big cave is dug as far as possible, retains the original soil in root, form round soil ball,
After digging well, cutting lateral root is carried out to vine, cuts off and hurts root and too long root, keeps root system complete；
C, planting pit and field planting ditch have been dug according to the size of grape root system soil ball, the grape main stem transplanted is crawled to put by backfill
It paves, a upper hill is padded at rhizome, prevents main stem backfin, then all covered, sprinkled profoundly water by complicated and confused with soil,
Grape was unearthed in 4~5 days, is watered after other grapes start rudiment after second year spring；Branches and tendrils can first be put 5 on the ground after being unearthed
~7 days, wait bud eyes when starting to sprout again complicated and confused restocking, and uniformly tie up on frame face；
D, after grape germination, primary every watering in 10~15 days, company is poured three times, will spread fertilizer over the fields a urea before watering every time,
It is 40~50 grams every plant, a small amount of multiple, in combination with foliage application, with 0.3% urea and the mixed spray of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or list
With spray is primary every other week, after June, does not use urea；
E, bud picking is typically carried out twice, and first time bud picking carries out at rudiment initial stage, and this time bud picking is mainly by trunk, main stem base portion
Rudiment and twin shoot in accessory bud erase, pay attention to staying healthy and strong big bud, and
Follow dilute place more stay, the principle that Mi Chu is stayed less, weak bud does not stay, second of bud picking after first time bud picking 10 days or so into
Row, bud that last time of mainly erasing is stayed more sprout bud, useless bud and position improperly bud afterwards, to guarantee the ventilation of tree body after bud picking
Translucency is determined the tip and is started within 20 days or so generally after lamina,
Young sprout is grown to 10~20cm at this time, can be selected and remain the sturdy young sprout with inflorescence, be removed overstocked branch and weak branch,
Notice that basic neat and consistent is wanted in the young sprout left growth simultaneously, every 10~15cm stays a young sprout, and every square metre is stayed 10~12
A young sprout；
F, finally reinforce fertilizer and water management and integrated pest prevention and control according to traditional way to manage, guarantee that tree body healthy growth is
It can.
2. one kind according to claim 1 does not influence the perennial grape high-survival rate method for transplanting of Growth status, special
Sign is, in a step, before carrying out soil deep ploughing to transplanting crop field, first applies slow-release compound fertilizer according to 100 jin per acre,
In slow-release compound fertilizer, indolebutyric acid sodium accounts for the 0.1%~0.5% of total weight, and fulvic acid accounts for the 1%~5% of total weight.
3. one kind according to claim 2 does not influence the perennial grape high-survival rate method for transplanting of Growth status, special
Sign is, in a step, organic fertilizer is the organic fertilizer for the ratio mixing that coco bran and biogas residue are 4~5:1 according to mass ratio.
4. one kind according to claim 3 does not influence the perennial grape high-survival rate method for transplanting of Growth status, special
Sign is, in the Step d, mixes 0.3% urea and 0.3% biphosphate using film-forming type antitranspirant, indolebutyric acid sodium
The mixed spray of potassium.
5. one kind according to claim 4 does not influence the perennial grape high-survival rate method for transplanting of Growth status, special
Sign is that the film-forming type antitranspirant accounts for the 0.1% of total weight, and the indolebutyric acid sodium accounts for the 0.5% of total weight.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN111955276A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-20 | 寿宁县臻锌园葡萄专业合作社 | Grape cultivation method for quickly building garden to bear fruits |
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| CN111955276A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-20 | 寿宁县臻锌园葡萄专业合作社 | Grape cultivation method for quickly building garden to bear fruits |
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