CN110238384A - 单晶纳米银粉的制备方法 - Google Patents

单晶纳米银粉的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110238384A
CN110238384A CN201910708085.1A CN201910708085A CN110238384A CN 110238384 A CN110238384 A CN 110238384A CN 201910708085 A CN201910708085 A CN 201910708085A CN 110238384 A CN110238384 A CN 110238384A
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胡晓斌
周斌
沈仙林
郝瑞琛
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Henan Jin Qu Yitong Metal Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种单晶纳米银粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将纯水加热至60℃,保持60℃的温度加入甲醛、硫酸钾和阿拉伯树胶粉搅拌均匀并调节pH值为3.5‑4,得到溶液Ⅰ;(2)继续保持溶液Ⅰ在60℃的温度下注射加入AgNO3溶液,注射加入AgNO3溶液的过程保持对溶液Ⅰ的搅拌,在此条件下AgNO3与甲醛发生反应,AgNO3中的Ag+被还原得到颗粒状态的银,此时溶液Ⅰ变成溶液Ⅱ。本发明的单晶纳米银粉的制备方法,在60℃的温度下,硫酸钾和阿拉伯树胶粉协同作用起分散作用,甲醛还原AgNO3制得单晶纳米银粉,制得的单晶纳米银粉颗粒均匀,粒径分布在29.8nm‑63.8nm之间,颗粒形状好,分散性好;制备方法简单,便于操作。

Description

单晶纳米银粉的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及银粉制备方法技术领域,特别涉及一种单晶纳米银粉的制备方法。
背景技术
当功能性材料超细化后,粒径处于微米、亚微米和纳米尺寸时,其尺度介于原子、分子与块状材料之间,物理化学性质都有很大的变化,被称之为物质的第四状态。随着物质的超细化,其表面分子排列与电子排列分布结构以及晶体结构都发生相应的变化,产生了块状材料所不具有的奇特的小尺寸效应、表面效应、宏观量子隧道效应与量子尺寸效应,进而使得超细粉体与一般大体积材料相比,在物理、化学以及界面方面都有更优异的性质,从而在应用方面有意想不到的效果。
超细银粉为微米级粒度的银粉,其颗粒形态有球状、絮状、树枝状、棒状、线状、立方状、片状和微晶。超细银粉的粒径小、比表面积大。这种结构使其熔点岁随颗粒变小而降低,超细银粉表面原子的原子间相互作用及电子能谱同银粉内部均有不同,具有很大的化学活性,因此,在其使用于电子元器件上时,与表面有关的吸附、催化、扩散、烧结等特性明显与大粒径的银粉末有显著不同,有良好的导电性能。另外,超细功能的体积效应(即体积缩小,粒子内的原子数目减少而引起的效应)使得能带点的能级间隔加大,其质子振动和能级均不连续。活性强,易于进行各种化学反应,有很强的的吸附能力和催化活性。超细粒子的表面有许多悬空键,具有不饱和性质,从而导致超细银粉的特殊吸附现象和催化性质。
超细银粉的制备方法包括气相法、固相法和液相法。气相法的投资大、能耗高、产率低;固相法制备的银粉粒径偏大而且粒径分布范围宽;液相法工艺过程比较简单,粉体颗粒大小和形状容易控制,是目前低成本制备银粉常用的方法。现有技术中有很多采用液相法制备超细银粉的方法,主要采用还原剂如葡萄糖、水合肼、硼氰化钠、抗坏血酸等在液相中还原银盐溶液得到超细银粉,制得的银粉有球状、树枝状等,但是现有技术中液相法制备的超细银粉分散度差,还没有采用化学方法制备单晶纳米银粉的报道,例如申请号为2015107269865的树叶状银粉的制备方法。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种采用液相还原法制备超细立方单晶银粉的方法,分散性好,而且粒径分布均匀。具体而言通过以下技术方案实现:
本发明的单晶纳米银粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将纯水加热至60℃,保持60℃的温度加入甲醛、硫酸钾和阿拉伯树胶粉搅拌均匀并调节pH值为3.5-4,得到溶液Ⅰ;
(2)继续保持溶液Ⅰ在60℃的温度下注射加入AgNO3溶液,注射加入AgNO3溶液的过程保持对溶液Ⅰ的搅拌,在此条件下AgNO3与甲醛发生反应,AgNO3中的Ag+被还原得到颗粒状态的银,此时溶液Ⅰ变成溶液Ⅱ。
进一步,还包括步骤(3):对于步骤(2)得到颗粒状态的银后,所述溶液Ⅱ在25℃下冷却反应,然后缓慢加入丙酮,然后在6000rpm下离心10分钟,用乙醇清洗除去杂质。
进一步,所述步骤(1)采用水浴或沙浴对乙二醇加热并保持温度。
进一步,所述步骤(2)中注射加入AgNO3的注射速率为5ml/min。
进一步,所述硫酸钾、阿拉伯树胶粉和AgNO3的质量比为10:1:320。甲醛溶液作为还原剂,只要能充分保证足够还原AgNO3即可,其质量的多少不影响银粉颗粒的形状。
本发明的有益效果:本发明的单晶纳米银粉的制备方法,在60℃的温度下,硫酸钾和阿拉伯树胶粉协同作用起分散作用,甲醛还原AgNO3制得单晶纳米银粉,制得的单晶纳米银粉颗粒均匀,粒径分布在29.8nm-63.8nm之间,颗粒形状好,分散性好;制备方法简单,便于操作。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
图1和图2为采用本发明方法制得的单晶纳米银粉的电镜扫描图。
具体实施方式
本实施例中的单晶纳米银粉的制备方法,首先将600ml的纯水在60℃的沙浴中加热20min加热至60℃,然后在保持60℃温度并搅拌的条件下加入44g甲醛溶液(此处44g是指甲醛溶液中含有甲醛的质量)和2g硫酸钾和0.2g阿拉伯树胶粉,滴入硝酸溶液调解pH值为3.5-4,本实施例中具体的调节结果为3.6,经过实验验证pH值为3.5-4内所得结果无明显差异,得到溶液Ⅰ。取64g分析纯的固体AgNO3溶入20ml水中形成AgNO3溶液,继续保持60℃温度并搅拌的条件下在用蠕动泵向溶液中注射配制的AgNO3溶液,注射速率为5ml/min,在此条件下AgNO3与甲醛发生反应,AgNO3中的Ag+被还原得到单晶纳米状态的银粉,此时溶液Ⅰ变成溶液Ⅱ。得到单晶纳米状态的银粉后,溶液Ⅱ在25℃下冷却反应,然后缓慢加入丙酮2ml,然后在6000rpm下离心10分钟,用乙醇清洗除去杂质,重复清洗直到清洗干净为止。
液相还原制备银粉过程中,需要克服制备出来的颗粒之间的团聚问题。粉体的团聚主要存在于两个过程中,其一是在还原过程中,首先还原出来的超细颗粒由于搅拌热运动等因素互相碰撞团聚在一起。本发明中采用硫酸钾和阿拉伯树胶粉协同作用起分散作用,甲醛还原AgNO3制得单晶纳米银粉,制得的单晶纳米银粉如图1和图2所示,颗粒均匀,粒径分布在29.8nm-63.8nm之间,颗粒形状好,分散性好;制备方法简单,便于操作。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (5)

1.一种单晶纳米银粉的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将纯水加热至60℃,保持60℃的温度加入甲醛、硫酸钾和阿拉伯树胶粉搅拌均匀并调节pH值为3.5-4,得到溶液Ⅰ;
(2)继续保持溶液Ⅰ在60℃的温度下注射加入AgNO3溶液,注射加入AgNO3溶液的过程保持对溶液Ⅰ的搅拌,在此条件下AgNO3与甲醛发生反应,AgNO3中的Ag+被还原得到颗粒状态的银,此时溶液Ⅰ变成溶液Ⅱ。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单晶纳米银粉的制备方法,其特征在于还包括步骤(3):对于步骤(2)得到颗粒状态的银后,所述溶液Ⅱ在25℃下冷却反应,然后缓慢加入丙酮,然后在6000rpm下离心10分钟,用乙醇清洗除去杂质。
3.根据权利要求1所述的单晶纳米银粉的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)采用水浴或沙浴对乙二醇加热并保持温度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的单晶纳米银粉的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中注射加入AgNO3的注射速率为5ml/min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的单晶纳米银粉的制备方法,其特征在于:所述硫酸钾、阿拉伯树胶粉和AgNO3的质量比为10:1:320。
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Application publication date: 20190917