CN110226443A - A kind of implantation methods of oil tea - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of oil tea Download PDFInfo
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- CN110226443A CN110226443A CN201910525467.0A CN201910525467A CN110226443A CN 110226443 A CN110226443 A CN 110226443A CN 201910525467 A CN201910525467 A CN 201910525467A CN 110226443 A CN110226443 A CN 110226443A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of oil tea, selection, site preparation, seedling selection, plant, tree body trimming, the management in growth period, harvesting including reproducing area, the present invention selects the sandy clayed soil of purple to plant, the conventional habit of tea oil tree adaptability is broken, it excavates level terraced field band and carries out oil tea plantation, take full advantage of the topographical features of the more mountain area mountainous regions in south or low mountains and hills；Level terraced field band is high outside and low outside, slope inwardly, be conducive to be retained soil conservation, soil erosion occurs for hillside fields when preventing rainy season, the different excellent camellia oleifera cultivars of country is planted by intersecting when seed selection, the pollination success rate for improving oil tea can therefrom select fruit bearing rate and oil yield is higher, the preferable camellia oleifera cultivar of quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grain and oil field of planting, in particular to a kind of implantation methods of oil tea.
Background technique
Tea oil tree is one of big woody oleiferous plants in the world four, and major product-tea oil is " best edible oil in the world ",
It can be rated as " liquid golden ".Grease is the necessary food for maintaining Human Physiology to need, and tea oil is not only important edible oil, processed
Afterwards, industry and medical material be can be used as, there are many more byproducts, can be comprehensively utilized.The existing oil tea area about 3,330,000 in China
Hectare and based on C. olelfera, produce per year 800,000 tons of tea seed, more than 20 ten thousand tons of oil-producing, average yield per mu oil 4 kilograms, about 3 kilograms of our province,
It is horizontal lower than national.Therefore the inefficient economic forest of the low yield that oil tea is considered, the operation of oil tea are chronically at wild semi-wild shape
State.To change the inefficient situation of oil tea low yield, the whole nation is promoted the use of fine strains and high-yield cultivation technique；But currently, in oil tea cultivation
How the problems such as there is fruiting evenings, low output, slow benefit makes the camellia oleifera lam early high-yield newly made, and promotes camellia oleiferaindustry development,
It is current significant problem urgently to be solved, meanwhile, oil tea planting site defines the plantation of oil tea based on red soil or yellow earth at present
Region.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of oil tea, in the present invention, using the sandy clayed soil of purple
For oil tea planting site, while cooperating corresponding production management, it is effective to expand oil tea planting area, it improves and hangs excess and oil-producing
Amount.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of implantation methods of oil tea, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of reproducing area: the sandy clayed soil afforestation of selection purple, loosing soil, draining are good, and soil layer is deep；Height above sea level
800 meters or less, sun-drenched tailo, forest land is open, and 1000 millimeters of annual precipitation or more, 25 degree of the gradient middle descendings below；
(2) site preparation: carrying out weeding before arable land, then digs level terraced field band along massif, and in high outside and low outside, inward slant, ladder inside is stayed
40cm × 40cm drainage ditch；After site preparation level terraced field band ridge row on excavate base cave, base cave specification be width 1m × long 1m ×
Deep 1m, every row tea oil tree base cave line-spacing 3m or more；15-30kg base fertilizer is applied in every cave, base fertilizer be well-rotted farmyard manure, laterite or loess and
It forms within cake fertilizer 1:1:0.2 mixed fermentation 30-45 days in mass ratio；(3) seedling selects: selection fruit is big, thin skin, seed-producing rate are high, goes out
Oil cut rate height, yield height, resistance are simultaneously suitble to the choiceness kind locally grown, and biennial naked using Nurse seed grafting
Seedling, nursery stock specification reach second level seedling or more, and root system is complete, no disease and pests harm；(4) transplant: the time of the year when autumn changes into winter carries out intersection plant, plants seedlings and makes
Woods accomplishes to plant tight having peace of mind, base stem portion is piled steamed bun shape with loosening the soil after plant according to the principle of " three bury one mention three step on ",
Rainy season cave soil depression ponding is prevented, causes water stain death, one plant of a cave plants seedling, unfolds root system, cultivation tightly is treaded, and is answered after cultivation
One layer is loosened the soil, and the depth of planting is advisable with 2-3 centimetres higher than seedling grafting mouth, transplants 60-120 plants per acre；
(5) tree body is trimmed: the first three years of growth of tea plant need to remove the terminal bud of tea tree to accelerate the formation of side shoot, and select to protect
Stay 3-4 side shoot as major branch；It after major branch is grown 1 year, then is trimmed, selects 2-3 side shoot as secondary main branch；
(6) management in growth period: clearing up between tillage and weeding, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and garden, annual to carry out tillage and weeding three times, periodically
Bordeaux mixture or carbendazim are sprayed to tea oil tree, metrifonate solution need to be sprayed when there is pest on tea oil tree, by tea oil tree bottom
Small and weak branches and leaves and deadwood, sick branch are wiped out together, and oil tea immediately clears up away the sundries in field after having harvested, and are then spread
Upper one layer of lime carries out disinfection；The dibbling soya bean 3-4 root and stem of certain plants among every two plants of tea oil trees；(7) it harvests: when tea fruit lovely luster, presenting
Glossy, White flesh takes off, and fruit base hair is hard and thick, and shell fine fisssure, seed shell blackening is shinny, and seed benevolence is gathered in when existing oily.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention selects the sandy clayed soil of purple to plant, and has broken tea oil tree adaptability
Conventional habit, excavate level terraced field band and carry out oil tea plantation, take full advantage of the ground of the more mountain area mountainous regions in south or low mountains and hills
Gesture feature；Level terraced field band is high outside and low outside, slopes inwardly, and is conducive to be retained soil conservation, and soil erosion occurs for hillside fields when preventing rainy season,
The different excellent camellia oleifera cultivars of country is planted by intersecting when seed selection, the pollination success rate of oil tea is improved, can therefrom select
Fruit bearing rate and oil yield is higher, the preferable camellia oleifera cultivar of quality.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, to this
Invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
(1) selection of reproducing area: the sandy clayed soil afforestation of selection purple, loosing soil, draining are good, and soil layer is deep；Height above sea level
800 meters or less, sun-drenched tailo, forest land is open, and 1000 millimeters of annual precipitation or more, 25 degree of the gradient middle descendings below；
(2) site preparation: carrying out weeding before arable land, then digs level terraced field band along massif, and the uplink and downlink gradient is 40-50 °, in outer height
It is low, slope inwardly, 40cm × 40cm drainage ditch is stayed in ladder inside；Base cave, base are excavated on level terraced field band ridge row after site preparation
Cave specification is width 1m × long 1m × depth 1m, every row tea oil tree base cave line-spacing 3m or more；25kg base fertilizer is applied in every cave, and base fertilizer is decomposed agriculture
Family's fertilizer and forms laterite for cake fertilizer 1:1:0.2 mixed fermentation 40 days in mass ratio；(3) seedling selects: selection fruit is big, thin skin, goes out seed
Rate is high, oil yield is high, yield is high, resistance, and it is close and sturdy and suitable locally grow that biennial bearing changes unconspicuous branches and leaves silk fabric
Choiceness kind, using the biennial bare-root seeding of Nurse seed grafting, nursery stock specification reaches second level seedling or more, and root system is complete, disease-free
Insect pest；(4) transplant: the time of the year when autumn changes into winter carries out intersection plant, and planting by stock accomplishes that cultivation is tightly stepped on according to the principle of " three bury one mention three step on "
It is real, base stem portion is piled into steamed bun shape with loosening the soil after plant, prevents rainy season cave soil depression ponding, causes water stain death, one
One plant of cave, seedling is planted, and unfolds root system, cultivation tightly is treaded, and is answered one layer after cultivation and is loosened the soil, the depth of planting is with 2-3 higher than seedling grafting mouth
Centimetre it is advisable, transplants 100 plants per acre；
(5) tree body is trimmed: the first three years of growth of tea plant need to remove the terminal bud of tea tree to accelerate the formation of side shoot, and select to protect
Stay 3-4 side shoot as major branch；It after major branch is grown 1 year, then is trimmed, selects 2-3 side shoot as secondary main branch；
(6) management in growth period: clearing up between tillage and weeding, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and garden, annual to carry out tillage and weeding three times, current year
Expert is mixed with natural plant height degree and is at least controlled in nursery stock ground level 1/2 hereinafter, periodically spray Bordeaux mixture or carbendazim to tea oil tree,
Metrifonate solution need to be sprayed when occurring pest on tea oil tree, and the small and weak branches and leaves in tea oil tree bottom and deadwood, sick branch are cut together
It removes, oil tea immediately clears up away the sundries in field after having harvested, and then sprinkles one layer of lime and carries out disinfection；Every two plants of oil teas
Set the intermediate dibbling soya bean 3-4 root and stem of certain plants；(7) harvest: when tea fruit lovely luster, presenting glossy, White flesh takes off, fruit base hair it is hard and
Slightly, shell fine fisssure, seed shell blackening is shinny, and seed benevolence is gathered in when existing oily.
Embodiment 2
(1) selection of reproducing area: the sandy clayed soil afforestation of selection purple, loosing soil, draining are good, and soil layer is deep；Height above sea level
800 meters or less, sun-drenched tailo, forest land is open, and 1000 millimeters of annual precipitation or more, 25 degree of the gradient middle descendings below；
(2) site preparation: carrying out weeding before arable land, then digs level terraced field band along massif, and the uplink and downlink gradient is 40-50 °, in outer height
It is low, slope inwardly, 40cm × 40cm drainage ditch is stayed in ladder inside；Base cave, base are excavated on level terraced field band ridge row after site preparation
Cave specification is width 1m × long 1m × depth 1m, every row tea oil tree base cave line-spacing 3m or more；30kg base fertilizer is applied in every cave, and base fertilizer is decomposed agriculture
Family's fertilizer and forms laterite for cake fertilizer 1:1:0.2 mixed fermentation 45 days in mass ratio；(3) seedling selects: selection fruit is big, thin skin, goes out seed
Rate is high, oil yield is high, yield is high, resistance, and it is close and sturdy and suitable locally grow that biennial bearing changes unconspicuous branches and leaves silk fabric
Choiceness kind, using the biennial bare-root seeding of Nurse seed grafting, nursery stock specification reaches second level seedling or more, and root system is complete, disease-free
Insect pest；(4) transplant: the time of the year when autumn changes into winter carries out intersection plant, and planting by stock accomplishes that cultivation is tightly stepped on according to the principle of " three bury one mention three step on "
It is real, base stem portion is piled into steamed bun shape with loosening the soil after plant, prevents rainy season cave soil depression ponding, causes water stain death, one
One plant of cave, seedling is planted, and unfolds root system, cultivation tightly is treaded, and is answered one layer after cultivation and is loosened the soil, the depth of planting is with 2-3 higher than seedling grafting mouth
Centimetre it is advisable, transplants 60-120 plants per acre；
(5) tree body is trimmed: the first three years of growth of tea plant need to remove the terminal bud of tea tree to accelerate the formation of side shoot, and select to protect
Stay 3-4 side shoot as major branch；It after major branch is grown 1 year, then is trimmed, selects 2-3 side shoot as secondary main branch；
(6) management in growth period: clearing up between tillage and weeding, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and garden, annual to carry out tillage and weeding three times, current year
Expert is mixed with natural plant height degree and is at least controlled in nursery stock ground level 1/2 hereinafter, periodically spray Bordeaux mixture or carbendazim to tea oil tree,
Metrifonate solution need to be sprayed when occurring pest on tea oil tree, and the small and weak branches and leaves in tea oil tree bottom and deadwood, sick branch are cut together
It removes, oil tea immediately clears up away the sundries in field after having harvested, and then sprinkles one layer of lime and carries out disinfection；Every two plants of oil teas
Set the intermediate dibbling soya bean 3-4 root and stem of certain plants；(7) harvest: when tea fruit lovely luster, presenting glossy, White flesh takes off, fruit base hair it is hard and
Slightly, shell fine fisssure, seed shell blackening is shinny, and seed benevolence is gathered in when existing oily.
Tea oil tree is planted according to the method provided by the invention, has recorded the average tree of tea oil tree per acre after plantation 3 years respectively
Height, survival rate, tea fruit yield and tea oil yield have carried out statistic record, as a result as shown in the table:
Claims (5)
1. a kind of implantation methods of oil tea, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of reproducing area: the sandy clayed soil afforestation of selection purple, loosing soil, draining are good, and soil layer is deep；Height above sea level
800 meters or less, sun-drenched tailo, forest land is open, and 1000 millimeters of annual precipitation or more, 25 degree of the gradient middle descendings below；
(2) site preparation: carrying out weeding before arable land, then digs level terraced field band along massif, in high outside and low outside, slopes inwardly, in ladder
Stay 40cm × 40cm drainage ditch in side；Base cave is excavated on level terraced field band ridge row after site preparation, base cave specification is wide 1m × length
1m × depth 1m, every row tea oil tree base cave line-spacing 3m or more；15-30kg base fertilizer is applied in every cave, and base fertilizer is well-rotted farmyard manure, laterite or Huang
Soil and form within cake fertilizer 1:1:0.2 mixed fermentation 30-45 days in mass ratio；
(3) seedling selects: selection fruit is big, thin skin, seed-producing rate are high, oil yield is high, yield is high, resistance and being suitble to locally is grown
Choiceness kind, using the biennial bare-root seeding of Nurse seed grafting, nursery stock specification reaches second level seedling or more, and root system is complete, disease-free
Insect pest；
(4) transplant: the time of the year when autumn changes into winter carries out intersection plant, and planting by stock accomplishes that cultivation is tightly stepped on according to the principle of " three bury one mention three step on "
It is real, base stem portion is piled into steamed bun shape with loosening the soil after plant, prevents rainy season cave soil depression ponding, causes water stain death, one
One plant of cave, seedling is planted, and unfolds root system, cultivation tightly is treaded, and is answered one layer after cultivation and is loosened the soil, the depth of planting is with 2-3 higher than seedling grafting mouth
Centimetre it is advisable, transplants 60-120 plants per acre；
(5) tree body is trimmed: the first three years of growth of tea plant need to remove the terminal bud of tea tree to accelerate the formation of side shoot, and select to protect
Stay 3-4 side shoot as major branch；It after major branch is grown 1 year, then is trimmed, selects 2-3 side shoot as secondary main branch；
(6) management in growth period: clearing up between tillage and weeding, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and garden, annual to carry out tillage and weeding three times, periodically
Bordeaux mixture or carbendazim are sprayed to tea oil tree, metrifonate solution need to be sprayed when there is pest on tea oil tree, by tea oil tree bottom
Small and weak branches and leaves and deadwood, sick branch are wiped out together, and oil tea immediately clears up away the sundries in field after having harvested, and are then spread
Upper one layer of lime carries out disinfection；The dibbling soya bean 3-4 root and stem of certain plants among every two plants of tea oil trees；
(7) harvest: when tea fruit lovely luster, presentation is glossy, and White flesh takes off, and fruit base hair is hard and thick, shell fine fisssure, and seed shell becomes
Dark hair is bright, and seed benevolence is gathered in when existing oily.
2. the implantation methods of oil tea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (6) weeding link, in current year in the ranks
Weeds height is at least controlled in 1/2 or less nursery stock ground level.
3. the implantation methods of oil tea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (2) base fertilizer is well-rotted farmyard manure, red
Soil and form within cake fertilizer 1:1:0.2 mixed fermentation 30-45 days in mass ratio.
4. the implantation methods of oil tea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (2) level terraced field band uplink and downlink slope
Degree is 40-50 °.
5. the implantation methods of oil tea according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (2) selects biennial bearing variation unknown
The close and sturdy excellent variety of aobvious branches and leaves silk fabric.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910525467.0A CN110226443A (en) | 2019-06-18 | 2019-06-18 | A kind of implantation methods of oil tea |
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| CN201910525467.0A CN110226443A (en) | 2019-06-18 | 2019-06-18 | A kind of implantation methods of oil tea |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110959452A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-07 | 周智峰 | Planting method of clone camellia oleifera grafted seedlings |
| CN111758470A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-13 | 海南省农业科学院热带园艺研究所 | High-survival-rate drought-resistant afforestation method for oil tea |
-
2019
- 2019-06-18 CN CN201910525467.0A patent/CN110226443A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110959452A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-07 | 周智峰 | Planting method of clone camellia oleifera grafted seedlings |
| CN111758470A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-13 | 海南省农业科学院热带园艺研究所 | High-survival-rate drought-resistant afforestation method for oil tea |
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Application publication date: 20190913 |