CN110128702A - 含双dopo的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂,制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
含双dopo的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂,制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/657163—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being bound to at least one carbon atom
- C07F9/657181—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms the ring phosphorus atom being bound to at least one carbon atom the ring phosphorus atom and, at least, one ring oxygen atom being part of a (thio)phosphonic acid derivative
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Abstract
本发明属于聚合物阻燃领域,具体涉及含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂,制备方法及其应用。DOPO与双[4‑(4‑氨基苯氧基)苯基]砜或3,7‑二氨基‑2,8‑二甲基二苯并噻吩砜发生Atherton‑Todd反应生成含DOPO、二苯砜结构单元的磷氮硫三元协效阻燃剂(DOPOSULOP、DOPOSUL)。应用于环氧树脂体系,具有与聚合物具有相容性好,储存稳定性优异,同时含磷、氮、硫三种元素,在燃烧过程中具有协同阻燃的效果,残炭率高,在树脂体系中磷含量为0.14 wt.%时,垂直燃烧等级即达UL‑94V‑0级。其原料价格合理,添加量少,且制备工艺环保简便,易于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚合物阻燃领域,具体涉及含双DOPO、二苯砜基结构单元的硫-氮-磷三元协效阻燃剂的制备方法,并将其应用于环氧树脂体系的阻燃改性。
背景技术
环氧树脂体系因其具有优异的耐介质性、耐候性、耐腐蚀、柔韧性、粘附性及机械性能等,而被广泛应用于涂料、胶黏剂、塑料等领域。然而,环氧树脂属于极易燃烧类型,随着安全要求的日益提高,无卤阻燃型环氧树脂显得尤为迫切。含DOPO的衍生物作为一种新型阻燃材料,由于其热稳定性和化学稳定性高,阻燃性能显著,且无卤、无烟、环保、不易迁移、残炭率高等特点,是近年环氧树脂无卤阻燃的研究热点。现阶段,围绕DOPO分子结构中活泼的磷-氢键,主要通过亲核取代方式制备含DOPO结构单元的阻燃剂。然而,含磷系化合物易水解生成磷化氢等有毒气体,因此在实际应用中有一定的局限性。因此,如何协调低磷含量与优异阻燃性,成为现阶段的技术瓶颈。中国专利CN 103421212 A在DOPO结构中引入羟基,制备了一种能够参与固化的反应型阻燃剂,环氧树脂垂直燃烧等级达UL-94V-0级时,其有效含磷量仍高于1.8wt.%;中国专利CN 103865101 A在DOPO中引入芳香胺,制备处磷氮协效类阻燃剂,虽然有效磷含量降低至0.75wt.%,但其合成工艺复杂、提纯困难、难以工业化生产应用。另一方面,含硫类阻燃剂,具有阻燃性能优异,添加量少等优势。因此,通过将DOPO、二苯砜基的核心结构片断进行合理组装和修饰,制备磷氮硫三元协效类阻燃剂,解决现有阻燃剂阻燃性能差、含磷量高、合成工艺复杂的技术难题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供含双DOPO、二苯砜基结构单元的硫-氮-磷三元协效阻燃剂的制备方法;该类阻燃剂具有与环氧树脂相容性好,化学和热稳定性高,在有效磷含量为0.14wt.%时,垂直燃烧等级可达UL-94V-0级。
为了解决上述问题,本发明的技术方案是:
DOPO与双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]砜或3,7-二氨基-2,8-二甲基二苯并噻吩砜发生Atherton-Todd反应生成含DOPO、二苯砜基结构单元的磷氮硫三元协效阻燃剂(DOPOSULOP、DOPOSUL),具体化学结构式为:
含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
在装有搅拌装置的容器中依次加入DOPO(9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物)、双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]砜或3,7-二氨基-2,8-二甲基二苯并噻吩砜、四氯化碳和溶剂,搅拌使体系混合均匀,在冰浴的条件下,向反应体系中加入有机碱或无机碱类催化剂,20-25℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进程,反应完成后,过滤得到滤液,滤液经萃洗、浓缩后,加入石油醚-乙酸乙酯(V石油醚∶V乙酸乙酯=1∶3)使之沉淀,真空干燥得含磷氮硫元素的阻燃剂(DOPOSULOP、DOPOSUL)。
所述双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]砜或3,7-二氨基-2,8-二甲基二苯并噻吩砜、DOPO、四氯化碳、有机碱或无机碱的摩尔比为1.0∶(2.2~3.0)∶(2.2~3.0)∶(2.2~3.0)。
所述溶剂为二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、四氢呋喃、氯仿中的一种或多种。
所述溶剂用量为DOPO质量的4~8倍。
所述有机碱选自三甲胺、三乙胺、甲醇钠、乙醇钠中的一种或多种。
所述无机碱选自碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾中的一种或多种。
本发明将所述的含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂在环氧树脂体系上的新用途,其中,含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂的含磷量为0.14wt.%~0.45wt.%。
所述的极限氧指数含量为25.1~39.6,残炭率为25.3~34.8%。
所述的阻燃型环氧树脂中含磷量为0.14wt.%时,垂直燃烧等级可达UL-94V-0级。
本发明制备的含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂,具有热稳定性和化学稳定性高、无卤、抑烟、与环氧树脂相容性好、有效含磷量低至0.14wt.%时,垂直燃烧等级可达UL-94V-0级等。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)将DOPO结构单元引入到二苯砜分子中,分子结构内同时含有S、N、P三种元素协效阻燃,磷和硫元素能促进形成炭层,氮能燃烧后生成氨气有气相阻燃效果,协同作用克服了单一阻燃元素的不足,提高了耐热性和高温成炭率,有效含磷量低至0.14wt.%时,环氧树脂垂直燃烧等级可达UL-94V-0级等。
(2)本阻燃剂制备简单,条件温和,原料易得,易于工业化生产。
(3)本发明合成的产品热稳定好,具有较高的热稳定性和耐水解性。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表述的范围。
实施例1:
在N2保护下,向装有机械搅拌器的反应瓶中加入双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]砜86.1g(0.1mol)、DOPO47.6g(0.22mol)、33.9g(0.22mol)四氯化碳和180mL二氯甲烷加入到反应瓶中,搅拌30min。在冰浴条件下,将30ml二氯甲烷和22.3g(0.22mol)三乙胺的混合溶液缓慢滴加上述反应烧瓶中,滴加完成后,20~25℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进程,反应完成后,过滤得到滤液。滤液经萃洗、浓缩后,加入石油醚-乙酸乙酯(V石油醚∶V乙酸乙酯=1∶3)使之沉淀,真空干燥得到产品DOPOSULOP,浅黄色固体粉末,产率70.6%。
其它条件不变,双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]砜换成3,7-二氨基-2,8-二甲基二苯并噻吩砜,DOPOSUL,浅黄色固体粉末,产率65.8%。
本发明制得的含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂DOPOSULOP、DOPOSUL,起始分解温度约分别为275℃、281℃,800℃阻燃剂的残炭率分别达到23%、27%,OPOSULOP、DOPOSUL阻燃剂具有较好的热稳定性,残炭率高,因此合成的阻燃剂具有较好的阻燃效果。
本发明制得的含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂DOPOSULOP的分析结果如下:
化合物红外光谱分析结果:FT-IR(KBr),v/cm-1:3043(Ar-H),1451(P-Ph),1229(P=O),1180(P-O-Ar)。
核磁共振氢谱分析结果:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):8.14-8.09(m,4H,ArH),8.07-8.03(m,5H,ArH),7.78-7.71(m,5H,ArH),7.56-7.48(m,7H,ArH),7.42-7.36(m,6H,ArH),7.32-7.28(m,5H,ArH),5.9(s,2H,N-H).
本发明制得的含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂DOPOSUL的分析结果如下:
化合物红外光谱分析结果:FT-IR(KBr),v/cm-1:3028(Ar-H),1431(P-Ph),1220(P=O),1134(P-O-Ar)。
核磁共振氢谱分析结果:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):8.09-8.02(m,4H,ArH),7.78-7.67(m,5H,ArH),7.58-7.48(m,6H,ArH),7.42-7.35(m,6H,ArH),7.32-7.27(m,5H,ArH),5.6(s,2H,N-H).
实施例2:
DOPO的量增大至51.84g(0.24mol),其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率75.3%,DOPOSUL收率69.5%。
DOPO的量增大至56.2g(0.26mol),其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率85.4%,DOPOSUL收率76.2%。
DOPO的量增大至60.5g(0.28mol),其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率81.2%,DOPOSUL收率70.6%。
DOPO的量增大至64.9g(0.30mol),其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率76.8%,DOPOSUL收率69.2%。
实施例3:
四氯化碳的量增大至36.9g(0.24mol),其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率76.2%,DOPOSUL收率68.6%。
四氯化碳的量增大至40.0g(0.26mol),其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率83.3%,DOPOSUL收率72.1%。
四氯化碳的量增大至43.1g(0.28mol),其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率81.2%,DOPOSUL收率70.5%。
四氯化碳的量增大至46.1g(0.30mol),其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率78.2%,DOPOSUL收率69.1%。
实施例4:
三乙胺的量增大至24.3g(0.24mol),其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率75.1%,DOPOSUL收率67.8%。
三乙胺的量增大至26.3g(0.26mol),其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率85.6%,DOPOSUL收率72.3%。
三乙胺的量增大至28.3g(0.26mol),其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率80.7%,DOPOSUL收率69.2%。
实施例5:
溶剂换成四氢呋喃,其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率68.5%,DOPOSUL收率60.2%。
溶剂换成乙腈,其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率56.3%,DOPOSUL收率48.5%。
溶剂换成氯仿,其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率50.6%,DOPOSUL收率43.4%。
实施例6:
碱换成甲醇钠,其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率61.2%,DOPOSUL收率43.5%。
碱换成乙醇钠,其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率59.5%,DOPOSUL收率47.1%。
碱换成碳酸钾,其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率58.9%,DOPOSUL收率43.5%。
碱换成氢氧化钠,其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率56.3%,DOPOSUL收率40.8%。
碱换成氢氧化钾,其它同实例一,DOPOSULOP收率50.2%,DOPOSUL收率38.1%。
本发明提供的含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂DOPOSULOP、DOPOSUL作为环氧树脂阻燃剂的应用如下:
按照绝缘层压板燃烧性能测试标准制成样条,分别用JF-3型氧指数测定仪进行极限氧指数(LOI)测试,FZ-5401型垂直燃烧仪进行UL94垂直燃烧性能测试,测定结果分别如下表1、表2所示。
表1本发明实施例1得到的阻燃剂DOPOSULOP对环氧树脂的阻燃效果
表2本发明实施例1得到的阻燃剂DOPOSUL对环氧树脂的阻燃效果
Claims (7)
1.含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂,其特征在于,化学结构式如下:
2.根据权利要求1所述含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:在装有搅拌装置的容器中依次加入DOPO(9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物)、双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]砜或3,7-二氨基-2,8-二甲基二苯并噻吩砜、四氯化碳和溶剂,搅拌使体系混合均匀,在冰浴的条件下,向反应体系中加入有机碱或无机碱类催化剂,20-25℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进程,反应完成后,过滤得到滤液,滤液经萃洗、浓缩后,加入石油醚-乙酸乙酯(V石油醚∶V乙酸乙酯=1∶3)使之沉淀,真空干燥得含磷氮硫元素的阻燃剂(DOPOSULOP、DOPOSUL)。
3.根据权利要求2所述含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述双[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]砜或3,7-二氨基-2,8-二甲基二苯并噻吩砜、DOPO、四氯化碳、有机碱或无机碱的摩尔比为1.0∶(2.2~3.0)∶(2.2~3.0)∶(2.2~3.0)。
4.根据权利要求2所述含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、四氢呋喃、氯仿中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求2所述含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂用量为DOPO质量的4~8倍。
6.根据权利要求2所述含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机碱选自三甲胺、三乙胺、甲醇钠、乙醇钠中的一种或多种;
所述无机碱选自碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂在环氧树脂体系上的新用途,其特征在于:含双DOPO的苯砜化合物氮磷硫三元协效阻燃剂的含磷量为0.14wt.%~0.45wt.%。
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