CN110041079B - 十二硼化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

十二硼化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110041079B
CN110041079B CN201910392614.1A CN201910392614A CN110041079B CN 110041079 B CN110041079 B CN 110041079B CN 201910392614 A CN201910392614 A CN 201910392614A CN 110041079 B CN110041079 B CN 110041079B
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吴赟
孙志远
温广武
李鑫
侯永昭
王鑫昊
李俐
周长灵
王洪升
韦其红
孙成功
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Shandong Industrial Ceramics Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含有十二硼化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:1)按照体积分数,将40~70%的氮化硼粉末、10~30%的二硼化锆粉末、10~30%氮化锆粉、0~60%的氧化硼粉末混合均匀,得到原料;2)将原料置于球磨机中,球磨至粒径小于20μm得到混合粉料;3)将粉料置于模具中,采用冷压的方式使其变为块状坯料,压力为10‑80MPa,保压1‑8分钟;4)加热坯料后降温即得所述含有十二硼化锆的陶瓷材料。该制备方法简单,降低了原料成本,适宜大规模生产制备。

Description

十二硼化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于高温结构功能一体化陶瓷材料技术领域,涉及一种十二硼化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法。
背景技术
在Zr-B体系化合物的研究中,ZrB2(二硼化锆)是研究最多的一种过渡金属硼化物,由于其出色的物理性能而受到广泛关注。ZrB2具有高化学稳定性、高熔点、高硬度和良好的导热导电性能。并且ZrB2的晶体结构极其的稳定,理论研究表明ZrB2在300 GPa 的高压条件下不会发生结构相变和非晶化[1]。与ZrB2相比,ZrB12(十二硼化锆)具有更高的硼含量,并且ZrB12的 B-B键构成了三维空间网状结构,理论预测ZrB12比ZrB2具有更好的力学性质[2-3]。
目前十二硼化锆的制备方法[4]主要有:
1)高温高压法合成ZrB12:以硼粉和锆粉制备的前驱物分别放在二级压机和六面顶压机中,通过高温高压制备出含有十二硼化锆的样品;
2)电弧熔炼法制ZrB12:以硼粉和锆粉为原料,冷压成型,将压好的样品放入电弧炉中,然后进行抽真空操作,抽真空时间约为 15 min-25 min 之间,保证真空度在 2.0×10-3Pa以下。调整电弧输出能量,使弧间温度约为 3000℃左右。冷却,取出含有十二硼化锆的样品。
参考文献
[1] Zhang M G, Wang H, Wang H B, et al. First-Principles Predictionon the High-Pressure Structures of Transition Metal Diborides (TMB2, TM = Sc,Ti, Y, Zr)[J]. Inorganic Chemistry, 2010, 49(15): 6859-6864;
[2] 张文学。ZrB2与ZrB12力学、晶格动力学和化学键合性质的第一性原理研究[D].太原:山西大学,理论物理研究所,2014;
[3] Wang B T, Zhang W X, Li W D, et al. Mechanics, Lattice Dynamics,and Chemical Bonding in ZrB2 and ZrB12 from First-Principles Calculations[J].Science of Advanced Materials, 2013, 5(12): 1916-1921;
[4] 马腾等,硼锆化合物的制备与物性表征,吉林大学,2016,5。
发明内容
为了降低合成十二硼化锆陶瓷材料制备工艺成本,简化生产工艺,拓宽该技术的应用领域,本发明提供了一种高效便捷的方法,该方法以氮化硼、二硼化锆和硼酸等为原料,制备的环境无高压的需求,安全性高,可大量制备出含有十二硼化锆的陶瓷材料。
为此本发明的技术方案如下:
一种十二硼化锆的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)按照体积分数,将40~70%的氮化硼粉末、10~30%的二硼化锆粉末、10~30%氮化锆粉、0~60%的氧化硼粉末混合均匀,得到原料;
2)将所述原料置于球磨机中对其进行球磨,待其混合均匀后,干燥,得到粒径小于20μm的混合粉料;
3)将上述粉料置于模具中,采用冷压的方式使其变为坯料,压力为10-80MPa,保压1-8分钟;
4)将上述坯料置于加热炉内,真空度为200~10Pa,以5~15℃/min的速率升温到1800-2100℃,保温1-6h后降温冷却,即得所述的含有十二硼化锆的陶瓷材料。
优选,所述氮化硼粉末、二硼化锆粉末、氮化锆粉末、氧化硼粉末的粒径均小于40μm。
优选,步骤4)升温过程分为三步,第一步以10~15℃/min的速率由室温升温到1200~1400℃,第二步以6~10℃/min的速率升温到1500~1700℃,第三步以5~8℃/min的速率升温到1800~2100℃。
优选,步骤3)制备坯料的方法为冷压成型,其包括冷等静压成型,模压成型等。
优选,所述氧化硼粉末由硼酸粉末经加热脱水获得。
本发明利用氮化硼、高二硼化锆和硼酸为原料,通过冷压成型在2100℃以下制备十二硼化锆陶瓷材料,相比于其现有的制备工艺,本发明提供的制备工艺简单,原料成本低,安全性高,易于控制,可用于规模化制备。
附图说明
图1~3分别对应实施例2~4制备陶瓷材料物相组成的的X射线衍射分析图谱,由图可知:材料中含有十二硼化锆、二硼化锆和少量的碳化硼。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明制备十二硼化锆的方法进行详细描述。
实施例1
一种合成十二硼化锆材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)按照体积分数,将85 Vol% 氮化硼和15 Vol%二硼化锆粉末混合均匀,得到原料;
2)将所述原料置于球磨机中,按照原料与氧化锆球质量比为1:3加入氧化锆球,湿法球磨2h后烘干,得到粒径小于20μm的混合粉料;
3)将粉料放入模具中,加压成型,压力为25MPa,保压3分钟,脱模后得到坯料;
4)将所述坯料置于加热炉内, 煅烧制度为:以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至500 ℃;再以7℃/min的升温速率升温至1400 ℃;然后以5℃/min的升温速率升温至2000℃;保温180min;随炉冷却;即得含有十二硼化锆的陶瓷材料。
实施例2
一种合成十二硼化锆材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)按照物质的量之比,将氮化硼和二硼化锆物质的量之比为12:1的粉末混合均匀,得到原料;
2)将所述原料置于球磨机中,按照原料与氧化锆球质量比为1:3加入氧化锆球,湿法球磨2 h后烘干,得到粒径小于20μm的混合粉料;
3)将粉料置入橡胶模具中,在80MPa冷等静压下成型,脱模后得到坯料;
4)将所述坯料置于真空加热炉内, 煅烧制度为:以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至500 ℃;再以7℃/min的升温速率升温至1400 ℃;然后以5℃/min的升温速率升温至2000℃;保温180min;随炉冷却;即得含有体积分数约为80%十二硼化锆的陶瓷材料。
实施例3
一种合成十二硼化锆材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)按照体积分数,将89 Vol% 氮化硼和11 Vol%二硼化锆粉末混合均匀,得到原料;
2)将所述原料置于球磨机中,按照原料与氧化锆球质量比为1:3加入氧化锆球,湿法球磨2.5h后烘干,得到粒径小于20μm的混合粉料;
3)将粉料置入橡胶模具中,在80MPa冷等静压下成型,脱模后得到坯料;
4)将所述坯料置于真空加热炉内, 煅烧制度为:以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至500 ℃;再以7℃/min的升温速率升温至1400 ℃;然后以5℃/min的升温速率升温至2000℃;保温180min;随炉冷却;即得含有体积分数约为75%十二硼化锆的陶瓷材料。
实施例4
一种合成十二硼化锆材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)按照体积分数,将90 Vol% 氮化硼和10 Vol%二硼化锆粉末混合均匀,得到原料;
2)将原料置于球磨机中,按照原料与氧化锆球质量比为1:3加入氧化锆球,湿法球磨2.5h后烘干,得到粒径小于20μm的混合粉料;
3)将粉料置入橡胶模具中,在80MPa冷等静压下成型,脱模后得到坯料;
4)将所述坯料置于真空加热炉内, 煅烧制度为:以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至500 ℃;再以7℃/min的升温速率升温至1400 ℃;然后以5℃/min的升温速率升温至2000℃;保温180min;随炉冷却;即得含有体积分数约为70%十二硼化锆的陶瓷材料。
实施例5
一种合成十二硼化锆材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)按照体积分数,将85 Vol% 硼粉和15 Vol%氮化锆粉末混合均匀,得到原料;
2)将所述原料置于球磨机中,按照原料与氧化锆球质量比为1:3加入氧化锆球,湿法球磨2.5h后烘干,得到粒径小于20μm的混合粉料;
3)将粉料置入橡胶模具中,在80MPa冷等静压下成型,脱模后得到坯料;
4)将所述坯料置于真空加热炉内, 煅烧制度为:以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至500 ℃;再以7℃/min的升温速率升温至1400 ℃;然后以5℃/min的升温速率升温至2000℃;保温180min;随炉冷却;即得含有十二硼化锆的陶瓷材料。

Claims (1)

1.一种十二硼化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)按照物质的量之比,将氮化硼和二硼化锆物质的量之比为12:1的粉末混合均匀,得到原料;
2)将所述原料置于球磨机中,按照原料与氧化锆球质量比为1:3加入氧化锆球,湿法球磨2 h后烘干,得到粒径小于20μm的混合粉料;
3)将粉料置入橡胶模具中,在80MPa冷等静压下成型,脱模后得到坯料;
4)将所述坯料置于真空加热炉内, 煅烧制度为:以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至500 ℃;再以7℃/min的升温速率升温至1400 ℃;然后以5℃/min的升温速率升温至2000℃;保温180min;随炉冷却;即得含有十二硼化锆体积分数约为80%的陶瓷材料。
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