CN110012690A - A method for improving acidified soil quality suitable for tea gardens - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an acidifying soil quality improvement method suitable for tea gardens. First, the pH value of the tea garden soil quality is measured, then fertilization trenches are excavated, solid base fertilizers are applied in the trenches, liquid organic fertilizers are applied, and finally watering is completed. the entire improvement work. The pH value distribution of the tea garden is measured by sampling, different amounts of solid base fertilizer are used for areas with different pH values, and different adjustment coefficients are set according to different soil qualities. A differentiated rather than a unified plan has been formulated before, which is more suitable for the improvement of acidified soil quality of tea gardens in more regions.

Description

A method for improving acidified soil quality suitable for tea gardens

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement for tea planting, and in particular relates to a method for improving acidified soil quality suitable for tea gardens.

Background technique

Tea tree is a typical acid-loving crop, and its suitable pH value is 4.5 to 5.5. After the tea tree is planted, the soil will gradually acidify due to its own physiological functions such as secretion of organic acids; acid rain, excessive application of chemical fertilizers, especially urea and ammonium nitrogen fertilizers, will aggravate soil acidification. Studies have shown that at present, about one-third of the soil pH value is less than 4.0.

Tea trees are acid-loving crops, but when the pH value is less than 4.0, the root tips shrink and growth is inhibited. At this time, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by tea trees decreases sharply, germination is slow, and new shoots grow slowly. In addition, excessive acidification will also lead to the increase in the bioavailability of heavy metal elements such as lead in the soil, thereby affecting the safety and quality of tea.

For the soil acidification improvement technology, measures such as applying dolomite powder and quicklime are mainly used to neutralize the soil acidity, and the method of evenly spreading on the soil surface is adopted. This is fine for farmland soils or dryland soils where annual or biennial crops are grown. However, for the perennial tea garden soil, this method can play a certain role, but the effect is poor due to the great difference in pH value in different locations of the soil.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for improving acidified soil quality suitable for tea gardens.

The purpose of this invention is to realize through the following technical solutions:

A method for improving acidified soil quality suitable for tea gardens, comprising the following steps:

S1: Determination of pH value of tea garden soil

Sampling the soil quality of tea trees in each row or a fixed number of rows, and determine the distribution of pH value of the soil quality in the tea garden;

S2: Excavation of fertilization trenches

A fertilization trench is excavated between two rows of tea trees. The fertilization trench includes a main trench located in the middle of the two rows of tea trees and a plurality of capillary trenches connecting the main trenches. The main trench and the plurality of capillary trenches share the same A fishbone-shaped or fence-shaped fertilization groove is formed, the width of the main groove is 10-25 cm, the depth of the main groove is 10-30 cm, the width of the capillary groove is 5-10 cm, and the capillary groove is 5-10 cm wide. The depth of the groove is 20-40cm;

S3: Application of solid base fertilizer

First lay activated carbon 5-10 cm in the main groove, and then lay 2-5 cm of plant ash; lay activated carbon 5-10 cm in the capillary groove, set the adjustment target pH value as a, and the current soil pH value as b, then The thickness of the grass ash in the capillary groove M=n*(a-b)*2.5cm, where n is an adjustment coefficient ranging from 0.5 to 0.8;

S4: Apply liquid organic fertilizer

After laying the solid base fertilizer for 3 to 5 days, apply organic fertilizer with slaked lime and dolomite powder in the main groove. The slaked lime is completely dissolved in the organic fertilizer, and the dosage of dolomite powder is 220-250kg per hectare of tea garden;

S5: Watering

Within 5 to 10 days of using liquid organic fertilizer, if there is no rainfall, water the main groove until all the organic fertilizer in the main groove enters the capillary groove.

Further, the sampling in the step S1 includes sampling the two ends, the midpoint and the quarter point of a row of tea trees at five points in total, the sampling soil depth is 10-15cm, and the sampling points per hectare of tea gardens are not more than 20. .

Further, in the step S2, the distance between the two rows of tea trees exceeds 60-100 cm, the number of main grooves is two, and the distance between the main groove and the tea trees is 10-30 cm.

Further, the adjustment target pH value is set to be no more than 6 in the step S3.

Further, in the step S3, after the plant ash is laid, a layer of plant ash of 0.5-2 cm is evenly sprayed on the soil surface of the entire tea garden.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1), the present invention measures the pH value distribution of tea gardens by sampling, uses different amounts of solid base fertilizers for areas with different pH values, and sets different adjustment coefficients according to different soil qualities, and adopts a balanced formula when treating acidified soil before changing. In this way, differentiated rather than unified plans are formulated before acidification improvement, which is more suitable for acidification soil improvement of tea gardens in more regions;

2), the present invention is by arranging fishbone-shaped or fence-shaped fertilization grooves, and the depth of the main groove is lower than the capillary groove, which is convenient to directly water in the main groove when the liquid organic fertilizer is poured, and the width of the main groove is Larger than the capillary groove, it is convenient to store organic fertilizer. During subsequent watering or rainfall, the rainwater will enter the capillary groove again to change the eutrophication caused by an excessive fertilization;

3), the present invention is composed of activated carbon and plant ash, the plant ash can not only improve the pH value of the soil, but also can neutralize the acidic substances in the organic fertilizer, reduce the impact of fertilization on the soil quality, and the activated carbon can not only store excess nutrients, but also adsorb The heavy metal ions in the soil prevent the heavy metal ions from entering the tea tree and reduce the heavy metal content in the tea leaves.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a fence-shaped fertilization trench structure schematic diagram in the first embodiment;

Fig. 2 is the fishbone-shaped fertilization groove structure schematic diagram in embodiment one;

3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fence-shaped fertilization trench in Embodiment 2;

Fig. 4 is the fishbone-shaped fertilization groove structure schematic diagram in embodiment two;

In the figure, 1-main groove, 2-capillary groove, 3-tea tree.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 1-2, taking a local tea garden in Chengdu as the implementation object, the present invention provides a technical solution:

A method for improving acidified soil quality suitable for tea gardens, comprising the following steps:

S1: Determination of pH value of tea garden soil

Sampling the soil quality of tea tree 3 in each row or a fixed number of rows, and determine the distribution of the pH value of the tea garden soil quality in the tea garden; sampling includes sampling the two ends, midpoint and quarter point of a row of tea tree 3 at a total of five points. , the sampling soil depth is 10cm, and there are 20 sampling points per hectare of tea garden.

S2: Excavation of fertilization trenches

A fertilization trench is excavated between two rows of tea trees 3, and the fertilization trench includes a main trench 1 located in the middle of the two rows of tea trees 3 and a plurality of capillary trenches 2 connecting the main trench 1. The main trench 1 and A plurality of capillary grooves 2 together form a fishbone-shaped or fence-shaped fertilization groove, the width of the main groove 1 is 20cm, the depth of the main groove 1 is 15cm, and the width of the capillary groove 2 is 10cm, The depth of the capillary groove 2 is 25cm;

S3: Application of solid base fertilizer

First lay 8cm of activated carbon in the main trench 1, and then lay 3cm of plant ash; lay 5cm of activated carbon in the capillary trench 2, set the adjustment target pH value to 5.8, and the current soil pH value is b, then the plant ash in the capillary trench 2 The thickness M=n*(5.8-b)*2.5cm, n is the adjustment coefficient of 0.7;

S4: Apply liquid organic fertilizer

After laying the solid base fertilizer for 5 days, apply organic fertilizer added with slaked lime and dolomite powder in the main groove 1, the slaked lime is completely dissolved in the organic fertilizer, and the dosage of dolomite powder is 250kg per hectare of tea garden;

S5: Watering

Within 10 days of using the liquid organic fertilizer, if there is no rainfall, water is poured into the main groove 1 until all the organic fertilizer in the main groove 1 enters the capillary groove 2 .

The pH value change of the improved tea garden soil quality after one year and the pH value change of the tea garden soil quality without improvement were measured. The measured structure is as follows:

Test items pH a year ago pH after one year Acidification improvement 4.5 5.1 Not acidified 4.5 4.4

Changes in tea yield due to acidification improvement:

Test items Tea yield (kg/mu) Acidification improvement 84 Not acidified 76

Embodiment 2:

As shown in Figures 3-4, a method for improving acidified soil quality suitable for tea gardens includes the following steps:

S1: Determination of pH value of tea garden soil

Sampling the soil quality of tea tree 3 in each row or a fixed number of rows, and determine the distribution of the pH value of the tea garden soil quality in the tea garden; sampling includes sampling the two ends, midpoint and quarter point of a row of tea tree 3 at a total of five points. , the sampling soil depth is 10cm, and there are 20 sampling points per hectare of tea garden.

S2: Excavation of fertilization trenches

A fertilization trench is excavated between the two rows of tea trees 3, and the fertilization trench includes two main trenches 1 located in the middle of the two rows of tea trees and a plurality of capillary trenches 2 connecting the main trenches 1. The main trench 1 Together with a plurality of capillary grooves 2 to form a fishbone-shaped or fence-shaped fertilization groove, the width of the main groove 1 is 25cm, the depth of the main groove 1 is 20cm, and the width of the capillary groove 2 is 10cm , the depth of the capillary groove 2 is 30cm;

S3: Application of solid base fertilizer

First lay 10 cm of activated carbon in the main groove, and then lay 4 cm of plant ash; lay 5 cm of activated carbon in the capillary groove 2, set the pH value of the adjustment target to 6.5, and the current soil pH value is b, then the amount of grass and wood ash in the capillary groove 2 is set to 6.5. Thickness M=n*(6.5-b)*2.5cm, n is the adjustment coefficient of 0.8;

S4: Apply liquid organic fertilizer

After the solid base fertilizer is laid for 5 days, the organic fertilizer added with slaked lime and dolomite powder is applied in the main groove, the slaked lime is completely dissolved in the organic fertilizer, and the dosage of dolomite powder is 250kg per hectare of tea garden;

S5: Watering

Within 10 days of using the liquid organic fertilizer, if there is no rainfall, water the main groove until all the organic fertilizer in the main groove enters the capillary groove.

The pH value change of the improved tea garden soil quality after one year and the pH value change of the tea garden soil quality without improvement were measured. The measured structure is as follows:

Test items pH a year ago pH after one year Acidification improvement 4.5 5.2 Not acidified 4.5 4.4

Changes in tea yield due to acidification improvement:

Test items Tea yield (kg/mu) Acidification improvement 88 Not acidified 76

The foregoing are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, and should not be construed as an exclusion of other embodiments, but may be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and Modifications can be made within the scope of the concepts described herein by virtue of the above teachings or skill or knowledge in the relevant field. However, modifications and changes made by those skilled in the art do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of acidification soil improvement method suitable for tea place, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:

S1: the pH value of measurement tea place soil property

Every row or tea tree (3) soil property for being spaced fixed line number are sampled, point of the pH value in tea place of tea place soil property is measured Cloth；

S2: fertilising groove is excavated

Fertilising groove is excavated between two row tea trees (3), fertilising groove includes the main line positioned at two row tea tree (3) middles (1) and connection main line (1) multiple capillary grooves (2), the main line (1) and multiple capillary grooves (2) collectively form fish The fertilising groove of bone-shaped or paliform, 10~25cm of width of the main line (1), the depth 10 of the main line (1)~ 30cm, the width of the capillary groove (2) are 5~10cm, and the depth of the capillary groove (2) is 20~40cm；

S3: solid-state like base fertilizer is applied

It is first laid with 5~10cm of active carbon in main line (1), re-lays the plant ash of 2~5cm；It is laid in capillary groove (2) 5~10cm of active carbon sets and adjusts target ph as a, and current soil property pH value is b, then the thickness of capillary groove (2) interior plant ash M=n* (a-b) * 2.5cm, n are regulation coefficient of the value 0.5~0.8；

S4: application liquid state organic fertilizer

After solid-state like base fertilizer is laid with 3~5 days, apply the organic fertilizer of addition white lime and dolomite dust in main line (1), it is ripe Lime is completely dissolved in organic fertilizer, and the dosage of dolomite dust is 220~250kg of per hectare tea place；

S5: watering

Using in liquid state organic fertilizer 5~10 days, water if there is no rainfall into main line (1), until main line (1) organic fertilizer in fully enters in capillary groove (2).

2. a kind of acidification soil improvement method suitable for tea place according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step Sampling includes that the two-end-point to a line tea tree (3), midpoint and a quarter point a total of five point are sampled in rapid S1, sampling soil Matter depth is 10~15cm, and per hectare tea place sample point is no more than 20.

3. a kind of acidification soil improvement method suitable for tea place according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step Spacing in rapid S2 between two row tea trees (3) is more than 60~100cm, and the quantity of main line (1) is two, main line (1) and tea The distance for setting (3) is 10~30cm.

4. a kind of acidification soil improvement method suitable for tea place according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step Setting adjusts target ph no more than 6.5 in rapid S3.

5. a kind of acidification soil improvement method suitable for tea place according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step In rapid S3 after being laid with plant ash, the plant ash of one layer of 0.5~2cm is uniformly sprayed on the soil property surface layer in entire tea place.