CN109997669A - A method of cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling - Google Patents
A method of cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN109997669A CN109997669A CN201910240766.XA CN201910240766A CN109997669A CN 109997669 A CN109997669 A CN 109997669A CN 201910240766 A CN201910240766 A CN 201910240766A CN 109997669 A CN109997669 A CN 109997669A
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- seedling
- potato
- planting ditch
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- micro potato
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method for cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling, Step 1: artificial or machine opens up kind of a planting ditch in plantation crop field；Step 2: non-woven fabrics is covered in kind of planting ditch, each planting ditch bottom surface of non-textile mulch and two sides；Step 3: micro potato is arranged on the non-woven fabrics in kind of planting ditch；Step 4: the micro potato being placed in kind of planting ditch uses the matrix by disinfection to cover, the matrix filled in kind planting ditch is concordant with crop field ground；Step 5: seedling cultivation, carries out temperature control to micro potato and moisture controls；Wherein, temperature controlled condition: substrate temperature is adjusted at 16 to 28 DEG C in kind planting ditch, and kind planting ditch local environment temperature is no more than 35 DEG C；The condition of moisture control: soil humidity is maintained at 70% to 80%；Step 6: hardening；Step 7: cutting seedlings；The invention effectively prevent micro potato by the harm of pest in soil and virus, and material therefor environmental protection can be with direct returning to farmland.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sweet potato Cultivating techniques fields, more particularly to a kind of method for cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling.
Background technique
In the indoor nutrient matrix manually prepared of insect prevention temperature, pass through detoxicating cuvette transplantation of seedlings or stem section cuttage, production
Diameter be 1~10 centimetre of small-sized potato wedge, referred to as micro potato.Micro potato the factorial production is by cultivation technique without soil, plant
Tissue culture technique, mist training technology and cuttage and quick-propagation technology combine, extensive, high standard production Sweetpotato Viruses Elimination potato seed new skill
Art.Since micro potato is small in size, weight only has several grams, it is convenient for amount transport, solves the problems, such as that the transport of sweet potato tune kind is difficult.Cause
This, micro potato production development is quickly, it has also become one of the technical measures of China's detoxifying fast breeding.
It is usually that micro potato is directly covered into kind with soil to cultivate the seedling of sweet potato micro potato in existing actual production
It is implanted in soil, infringement of the micro potato vulnerable to subterranean pest-insect；In the serious field of soil hardening, the germinating growth of micro potato by
In soil hardening influence and limit the growth of seedling.
Proposing in a kind of " the sweet potato stereo raise seedling method " of Patent No. ZL2016100671039 will by bubble chamber
It avoids potato wedge from contacting with seedbed continuous cropping soil pathogeny, reduces the susceptible probability of potato seedling growth, this method larger workload is unfavorable for improving life
Produce efficiency；The land used needs to sterilize by pesticide, easily causes pesticide residue, and it is nuisanceless sweet to be unfavorable for acquisition high-quality
Potato.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling, the present invention effectively prevent micro potato
By the harm of pest in soil and virus, material therefor environmental protection can be with direct returning to farmland.
To solve this technical problem, the technical scheme is that the following steps are included:
Step 1: artificial or machine opens up kind of a planting ditch in plantation crop field；
Step 2: non-woven fabrics is covered in kind of planting ditch, each planting ditch bottom surface of non-textile mulch and two sides；
Step 3: micro potato is arranged on the non-woven fabrics in kind of planting ditch；
Step 4: the micro potato being placed in kind of planting ditch uses the matrix by disinfection to cover, the base filled in kind planting ditch
Matter is concordant with crop field ground；
Step 5: seedling cultivation, carries out temperature control to micro potato and moisture controls；Wherein,
Temperature controlled condition: substrate temperature is adjusted at 16 to 28 DEG C in kind planting ditch, and kind planting ditch local environment temperature does not surpass
Cross 35 DEG C；
The condition of moisture control: soil humidity is maintained at 70% to 80%；
Step 6: hardening；
Step 7: cutting seedlings.
It is preferred that the width of described kind of planting ditch is 20 to 30cm；The depth of kind planting ditch is 5 to 10cm；It is smooth to plant ditch bottom surface.
The discharge of width and appropriate depth micro potato that kind planting ditch opens up, smooth being plated in conducive to non-woven fabrics in plantation ditch bottom surface, prevents nothing
Woven fabric is punctured by stone or agglomeration soil, is conducive to protection non-woven fabrics, is uniformly contacted conducive to matrix with micro potato, matrix is miniature
Sufficient nutrient is provided for micro potato during the seedling fostering of potato, is adopted conducive to the growth and receipts of micro potato seedling.
It is preferred that operate road there are cutting seedlings between adjacent two described kinds of planting ditches, the width in cutting seedlings operation road be 20 to
25cm.Facilitate artificial cutting seedlings, while also management of the aspect seedling in cultivating process.
It is preferred that the weight of micro potato is 3 to 25g in the step 3；Micro potato weight is smaller, conducive to cooperation kind planting ditch
Depth and size are conducive to matrix uniform fold on micro potato.
It is preferred that micro potato arrangement mode on non-woven fabrics is uniline arrangement in the step 3；Two adjacent micro potato head
Tail connects.The present invention guarantees that seedling is after growing matrix in each planting ditch, seedling by the arrangement mode of control micro potato
Between spacing it is substantially uniform, by micro potato length control；The space in kind of planting ditch is made full use of, is improved in each planting ditch
Utilization rate, improve the yield of seedling.
It is preferred that matrix used in the step 4 includes following substance according to parts by weight:
3 parts of peat soil；
0.5 to 1 part of vermiculite；
0.5 to 1 part of perlite.
Nutriment needed for the present invention mainly provides seedling using the peat soil in matrix, vermiculite and perlite improve base
The gas permeability and water penetration of matter, the present invention in completely do not use land, avoid the pest and disease damage in land to micro potato
It influences, seedling emergence rate is high, and the seedling of cultivation is healthy and strong.
Preferred steps four are additionally added compound fertilizer using matrix, and the mass ratio of matrix and compound fertilizer is 2:1；In the compound fertilizer
N, P and K ratio be 15:15:15.Mesostroma of the present invention and compound fertilizer share, and seedling is effectively ensured and seeks in cultivating process
Feeding demand.
It is preferred that being laid with a drip irrigation pipe in the step 4 after filling substrate in each planting ditch, covered above kind of planting ditch
There is film.The present invention keeps the humidity of matrix between 70% to 80%, is conducive to micro potato by constantly carrying out moisturizing to matrix
The cultivation of seedling.
It is preferred that the condition of hardening is in the step 6: 5 to 6 days before collecting seedling, substrate temperature is reduced to 20 DEG C.Pass through hardening
The low temperature resistance of seedling is effectively improved, conducive to the cultivation of seedling.
It is preferred that the condition of the step 7 cutting seedlings is:
Seedling seedling is grown in 50cm or more, is collected seedling by the segmentation of 2 to 3 sections；Entire seedling stage collects seedling 3 times.Seedling seedling of the present invention with
Ensure, seedling is healthy and strong, in seedling stage in collect seedling often, seedling yield is big, conducive to the cultivation and growth of sweet potato.
It is preferred that supplementing compound fertilizer and water to seedling field after step 7；The ratio for supplementing N, P and K in compound fertilizer is 15:
15:15 supplements the dosage of compound fertilizer as 10 kilograms of seedling field per acre.Guarantee seedling robust growth in entire seedling stage, guarantees entire seedling
Phase, seedling was still able to maintain the growth of quick stalwartness especially during collecting seedling.
By using above-mentioned technical proposal, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention is covered with the non-woven fabrics for field soil to be isolated by opening up kind of a planting ditch in big Tanaka in kind of planting ditch,
It is placed with micro potato in the kind planting ditch for being covered with non-woven fabrics, plants in planting ditch and is filled with disinfection matrix, kind of planting ditch is carried out again later
The cultivation of micro potato seedling is realized in temperature management and water management；The present invention is by non-woven fabrics in kind of planting ditch and sterilizes matrix
Cooperation, from the pest and virus obstructed on source in field soil, therefore the seedling cultivated through the invention its seedling effect
Good, catagen speed is slow, and seedling is healthy and strong, conducive to the cultivation of sweet potato；
Matrix used in the present invention and non-woven fabrics can with direct returning to farmland, not under the influence of one season crop plantation, this hair
Bright environmental protection, easy to operate, the crop field implemented to it is not damaged；
The present invention reduces or avoids pesticide residue, therefore the seedling that the present invention cultivates without using sterilization pesticide
The sweet potato of its subsequent cultivation is healthier；
The present invention can directly be implemented in big Tanaka, and small investment is at low cost, and the cultivate effect of micro potato seedling is good, economy effect
It is beneficial high.
To realize above-mentioned purpose of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, being explained in detail below by specific embodiment the present invention
It states.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment discloses a kind of method for cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: machine opens up kind of a planting ditch in the greenhouse in plantation crop field；
The width of described kind of planting ditch is 30cm；The depth of kind planting ditch is 10cm；It is smooth to plant ditch bottom surface.Kind planting ditch opens up
The discharge of width and appropriate depth micro potato, smooth being plated in conducive to non-woven fabrics in plantation ditch bottom surface, is conducive to protection non-woven fabrics, is conducive to
Matrix is uniformly contacted with micro potato, is adopted conducive to the cultivation and growth and receipts of micro potato seedling.
There are cutting seedlings to operate road between adjacent two described kinds of planting ditches, and the width in cutting seedlings operation road is 25cm.Facilitate people
Work cutting seedlings, while also management of the aspect seedling in cultivating process.
Step 2: non-woven fabrics is covered in kind of planting ditch, each planting ditch bottom surface of non-textile mulch and two sides；
Step 3: micro potato is arranged on the non-woven fabrics in kind of planting ditch；
The weight of micro potato is 3 to 25g in the step 3；There is difference between each micro potato；Micro potato weight
Amount is smaller, conducive to the depth and size of cooperation kind planting ditch, is conducive to matrix uniform fold on micro potato.
Micro potato arrangement mode on non-woven fabrics is uniline arrangement in the step 3；Two adjacent micro potato head and the tail phases
It connects.The present invention guarantees that seedling is after growing matrix in each planting ditch, between seedling by the arrangement mode of control micro potato
Spacing it is substantially uniform, by micro potato length control；The space in kind of planting ditch is made full use of, the benefit in each planting ditch is improved
With rate, the yield of seedling is improved.
Step 4: the micro potato being placed in kind of planting ditch uses the matrix by disinfection to cover, the base filled in kind planting ditch
Matter is concordant with crop field ground；
Matrix used in this step includes following substance according to parts by weight:
3 parts of peat soil；
1 part of vermiculite；
1 part of perlite.
Nutriment needed for the present invention mainly provides seedling using the peat soil in matrix, vermiculite and perlite improve base
The gas permeability and water penetration of matter, the present invention in completely do not use land, avoid the pest and disease damage in land to micro potato
It influences, the seedling of cultivation is healthy and strong.
Step 4 is additionally added compound fertilizer using matrix, and the mass ratio of matrix and compound fertilizer is 2:1；N in the compound fertilizer,
The ratio of P and K is 15:15:15.Mesostroma of the present invention and compound fertilizer share, and it is mesotrophic in cultivating process that seedling is effectively ensured
Demand.
It is preferred that being laid with a drip irrigation pipe in the step 4 after filling substrate in each planting ditch, covered above kind of planting ditch
There is film.The present invention keeps the humidity of matrix between 70% to 80%, is conducive to micro potato by constantly carrying out moisturizing to matrix
The cultivation of seedling.
Step 5: seedling cultivation, carries out temperature control to micro potato and moisture controls；Wherein,
Temperature controlled condition: substrate temperature is adjusted at 16 to 28 DEG C in kind planting ditch, plants environment temperature in greenhouse locating for planting ditch
Degree is no more than 35 DEG C, needs to supervise the environment temperature of greenhouse；
The condition of moisture control: soil humidity is maintained at 70% to 80%；
Step 6: hardening；
It is preferred that the condition of hardening is in the step 6: substrate temperature being reduced to 20 DEG C in 5 days before collecting seedling.Pass through hardening
The low temperature resistance of seedling is effectively improved, conducive to the cultivation of seedling.
Step 7: cutting seedlings.
It is preferred that the condition of the step 7 cutting seedlings is:
Seedling seedling is grown in 50cm or more, is collected seedling by the segmentation of 2 to 3 sections；Entire seedling stage collects seedling 3 times.Seedling seedling of the present invention with
Ensure, seedling is healthy and strong, in seedling stage in collect seedling often, seedling yield is big, conducive to the cultivation and growth of sweet potato.
It is preferred that supplementing compound fertilizer and water to seedling field after step 7；The ratio for supplementing N, P and K in compound fertilizer is 15:
15:15 supplements the dosage of compound fertilizer as 10 kilograms of seedling field per acre.Guarantee seedling robust growth in entire seedling stage, guarantees entire seedling
Phase, seedling was still able to maintain the growth of quick stalwartness especially during collecting seedling.
The emergence rate of the present embodiment, number of collecting seedling, seedling strength are as shown in Table 1 below.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment and the main distinction of embodiment 1 are:
Step 1: manually opening up kind of a planting ditch in the greenhouse in plantation crop field；
The width of described kind of planting ditch is 20cm；The depth of kind planting ditch is 5cm；The width in cutting seedlings operation road is 25cm.
Matrix used in step 4 includes following substance according to parts by weight:
3 parts of peat soil；
0.5 part of vermiculite；
0.5 part of perlite.
Step 6: hardening；
It is preferred that the condition of hardening is in the step 6: substrate temperature being reduced to 20 DEG C in 6 days before collecting seedling.Pass through hardening
The low temperature resistance of seedling is effectively improved, conducive to the cultivation of seedling.
Step 7: cutting seedlings.
It is preferred that the condition of the step 7 cutting seedlings is:
Seedling seedling is grown in 50cm or more, is collected seedling by the segmentation of 2 to 3 sections；Entire seedling stage collects seedling 3 times.
The emergence rate of the present embodiment, number of collecting seedling, seedling strength are as shown in Table 1 below.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment and the main distinction of embodiment 1 are:
Step 1: manually opening up kind of a planting ditch in the greenhouse in plantation crop field；
The width of described kind of planting ditch is 25cm；The depth of kind planting ditch is 8cm；The width in cutting seedlings operation road is 22cm.
Step 6: hardening；
It is preferred that the condition of hardening is in the step 6: substrate temperature being reduced to 20 DEG C in 6 days before collecting seedling.Pass through hardening
The low temperature resistance of seedling is effectively improved, conducive to the cultivation of seedling.
Step 7: cutting seedlings.
It is preferred that the condition of the step 7 cutting seedlings is:
Seedling seedling is grown in 50cm or more, is collected seedling by the segmentation of 2 to 3 sections；Entire seedling stage collects seedling 3 times.
The emergence rate of the present embodiment, number of collecting seedling, seedling strength are as shown in Table 1 below.
Comparative example
Kind of a planting ditch is opened up in the greenhouse of crop field, and sweet potato micro potato is emitted in kind of planting ditch according to end to end mode, it will
Field soil is directly backfilled to enter to cover micro potato in kind of planting ditch and be buried；Field management, hardening are carried out in a conventional manner
And cutting seedlings, the emergence rate of comparative example, number of collecting seedling, seedling strength are as shown in Table 1 below.
The calculation method of emergence rate is as follows:
Each micro potato can cultivate a seedling, and micro potato quantity used in each embodiment is n, the kind grown
Seedling quantity is m, and emergence rate is indicated with w, then w=m/n*100%；
The emergence list of table 1 embodiment 1 to 3 and comparative example
As known from Table 1, the emergence rate of embodiment 1 to embodiment 3 is significantly higher than comparative example, and embodiment 1 to embodiment 3 is cultivated
Seedling it is more healthy and stronger compared with the seedling that comparative example is cultivated, conducive to the cultivation and growth of sweet potato.Embodiment 1 is to embodiment 3 by disappearing
Malicious matrix cooperation non-woven fabrics realizes sterile nontoxic cultivation in the greenhouse of crop field, significantly improve micro potato seedling emergence rate and
The robustness of seedling.
The seedling of embodiment 1 and embodiment 3 is strongr than the seedling of embodiment 2, illustrates the matrix group of embodiment 1 and 3
The proportional cultivation for being more suitable for miniature potato seedling growth.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling, it is characterised in that:
The following steps are included:
Step 1: artificial or machine opens up kind of a planting ditch in plantation crop field；
Step 2: non-woven fabrics is covered in kind of planting ditch, each planting ditch bottom surface of non-textile mulch and two sides；
Step 3: micro potato is arranged on the non-woven fabrics in kind of planting ditch；
Step 4: the micro potato being placed in kind of planting ditch use by disinfection matrix cover, kind planting ditch in fill matrix with
Crop field ground is concordant；
Step 5: seedling cultivation, carries out temperature control to micro potato and moisture controls；
Wherein,
Temperature controlled condition: substrate temperature is adjusted at 16 to 28 DEG C in kind planting ditch, and kind planting ditch local environment temperature is no more than 35
℃；
The condition of moisture control: soil humidity is maintained at 70% to 80%；
Step 6: hardening；
Step 7: cutting seedlings.
2. a kind of method for cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the width of described kind of planting ditch
Degree is 20 to 30cm；The depth of kind planting ditch is 5 to 10cm；It is smooth to plant ditch bottom surface.
3. a kind of method for cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: adjacent two plantation
There are cutting seedlings to operate road between ditch, and the width in cutting seedlings operation road is 20 to 25cm.
4. a kind of method for cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: micro- in the step 3
The weight of type potato is 3 to 25g.
5. a kind of method for cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: micro- in the step 3
Type potato arrangement mode on non-woven fabrics is uniline arrangement；Two adjacent micro potatos are end to end.
6. a kind of method for cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: make in the step 4
Matrix includes following substance according to parts by weight:
3 parts of peat soil；
0.5 to 1 part of vermiculite；
0.5 to 1 part of perlite.
Step 4 is additionally added compound fertilizer using matrix, and the mass ratio of matrix and compound fertilizer is 2:1；N, P and K in the compound fertilizer
Ratio be 15:15:15.
7. a kind of method for cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: filled out in the step 4
It is laid with a drip irrigation pipe in each planting ditch after filling matrix, is covered with film above kind of planting ditch.
8. a kind of method for cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: refined in the step 6
The condition of seedling is: 5 to 6 days before collecting seedling, substrate temperature is reduced to 20 DEG C.
9. a kind of method for cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 7 cutting seedlings
Condition be:
Seedling seedling is grown in 50cm or more, is collected seedling by the segmentation of 2 to 3 sections；Entire seedling stage collects seedling 3 times.
10. a kind of method for cultivating sweet potato micro potato seedling as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: passing through step 7
Afterwards, compound fertilizer and water are supplemented to seedling field；The ratio for supplementing N, P and K in compound fertilizer is 15:15:15, and the dosage for supplementing compound fertilizer is
10 kilograms of seedling field per acre.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN110476763A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-22 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | The method for cultivating sweet potato |
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