CN109843553A - 生物三维打印机 - Google Patents

生物三维打印机 Download PDF

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CN109843553A
CN109843553A CN201780064263.0A CN201780064263A CN109843553A CN 109843553 A CN109843553 A CN 109843553A CN 201780064263 A CN201780064263 A CN 201780064263A CN 109843553 A CN109843553 A CN 109843553A
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nozzle
dimensional printer
shell
temperature
biology
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CN109843553B (zh
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柳石焕
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Rocky Medical Care Co
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种生物三维打印机。在本发明的一个实施例中，根据本发明的生物三维打印机包括：外壳，其内部具有作业空间；输出板，其设置于所述外壳内部，并上下左右滑动移动；第一喷嘴，其设置于所述外壳内部，并向所述输出板排出固体状态的生物材料；第二喷嘴，其设置于所述外壳内部，并向所述输出板排出流体状态的生物材料；以及控制部，控制所述第一喷嘴及所述第二喷嘴的排出，并且使用所述第一喷嘴和所述第二喷嘴，将固体状态的生物材料和流体状态的生物材料层叠而输出一个结构物。

Description

生物三维打印机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生物三维打印机，具体地涉及能够使固体状态的生物材料和流体状态的生物材料层叠而输出一个结构物的生物三维打印机。
背景技术
近期，随着对组织工程学和再生医学的研究领域以及定制医疗服务的需求增长，对于利用生物材料的三维打印机的研究进展活跃。
三维打印机包括：构成xzy轴的框架以及用于排出生物材料的分配器(dispenser)形态的喷嘴。这类既有三维打印机为，在喷嘴中填充胶原蛋白、明胶等带有粘性的流体状态的生物材料，所采用的方式是，将填充了流体状态的生物材料的喷嘴与气压系统连接，从而推动生物材料的同时排出生物材料。
然而，当生物材料不是流体状态的情况下(例如：粉、丸状颗粒等固体)，如上所述的排出方式需要对喷嘴进行高温加热，从而使生物材料转换成流体状态之后，将其排出。因此，若要同时使用流体生物材料和固体生物材料，则重复将喷嘴加热和冷却的过程，因此会出现因喷嘴的超负荷所导致的问题。
此外，当生物材料对温度环境敏感的情况下，排出之后需要一段时间去固化，然而却会因为温度环境不符而出现排出后立即固化的问题。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明旨在提供一种能够同时使用流体状态的生物材料和固体状态的生物材料来输出一个结构物的生物三维打印机。
并且，亦旨在提供一种能够对排出生物材料的喷嘴以及层叠有结构物的输出板的温度进行调节的生物三维打印机。
本发明的目的不限于此，通过以下记述，尚未提及的其他目的亦可被本领域技术人员明确理解。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明提供一种生物三维打印机。
根据本发明的一个实施例，生物三维打印机包括：外壳，其内部具有作业空间；输出板，其设置于所述外壳内部，并上下左右滑动移动；第一喷嘴，其设置于所述外壳内部，并向所述输出板排出固体状态的生物材料；第二喷嘴，其设置于所述外壳内部，并向所述输出板排出流体状态的生物材料；以及控制部，其控制所述第一喷嘴及所述第二喷嘴的排出，使用所述第一喷嘴和所述第二喷嘴，将固体状态的生物材料和流体状态的生物材料层叠而输出一个结构物。
根据一个实施例，生物三维打印机还包括连接于所述外壳的温度调节部，所述温度调节部调节所述输出板及所述第二喷嘴中至少一个的温度，所述控制部控制所述温度调节部。
根据一个实施例，所述控制部够成为，通过所述温度调节部能够单独控制所述输出板以及所述第二喷嘴的温度。
根据一个实施例，所述控制部够成为，能够单独控制所述第一喷嘴以及所述第二喷嘴。
根据一个实施例，所述控制部以阶段性排出流体状态的所述生物材料的方式控制所述第二喷嘴，所述阶段性排出由连接于第二喷嘴的步进马达实现。
根据一个实施例，生物三维打印机还包括隔热罩，所述隔热罩包围所述第二喷嘴的外部，并对所述第二喷嘴进行隔热。
根据一个实施例，所述温度调节部包括：水槽，其保存冷却水；帕尔贴(Peltier)部件，其一面的温度上升的同时另一面的温度下降；以及加热部件，其提高所述输出板和所述第二喷嘴的温度。
根据一个实施例，所述温度调节部还包括：移送部件，其使所述冷却水接触于所述帕尔贴部件；以及泵，其移送所述冷却水，所述帕尔贴部件分别粘贴于所述输出板和所述第二喷嘴，并降低所述输出板和所述第二喷嘴的温度。
根据一个实施例，所述外壳具备开放或封闭所述作业空间的门。
根据一个实施例，在所述外壳内部具备净化所述作业空间的净化部件。
发明效果
根据本发明的一个实施例，则有以下效果：可同时使用流体状态的生物材料和固体状态的生物材料从而输出一个结构物。
此外，还有以下效果:对排出生物材料的喷嘴和层叠结构物的输出板的温度进行调节,从而制造出外部为固体、内部为流体状态的结构物。
本发明的效果不限于上述效果，通过本说明书以及附图，尚未提及的效果亦可被本领域普通技术人员明确理解。
附图说明
图1是示出了根据本发明的生物三维打印机的立体图。
图2是示出了根据本发明的生物三维打印机的主视图。
图3是示出了图1所图示的第一喷嘴以及第二喷嘴的立体图。
图4是示出了图1所图示的工作台单元的移动结构的立体图。
图5是示出了根据本发明实施例的净化部件以及通风部件的立体图。
图6是示出了根据本发明实施例的温度调节部的图。
具体实施方式
以下参考附图对本发明的实施例进行更详细说明。本发明的实施例可变形成各种形态，以下实施例不应被解读为对本发明范围的限定。本实施例的提供，旨在向本领域普通技术人员更完整地说明本发明。因此，图中元素的形象是经过了夸张的，旨在强调更明确的说明。
以下参考图1至图6对本发明的一个实施例进行详细说明。
图1是示出了根据本发明的生物三维打印机100的立体图。图2是示出了根据本发明的生物三维打印机100的主视图。参考图1及图2，根据本发明的生物三维打印机100包括外壳110、工作台单元120、第一喷嘴130、第二喷嘴140、控制部150以及温度调节部160。
提供于此的外壳110，可为内部具有作业空间的圆筒形状。可为外壳110提供门111，以开放或封闭作业空间。在作业空间可具备温度计113，以显示外壳110内部的温度。
提供于此的工作台单元120，能够上下左右滑动。图4是示出了图1所图示的工作台单元120的移动结构的立体图。参考图4，工作台单元120具备输出板121、结合部件122、前后引导部件123以及左右引导部件124。结合部件122位于外壳110底部，并且与输出板121结合并固定。提供于此的前后引导部件123，连接于结合部件122，使输出板121能够前后滑动。提供于此的左右引导部件124，连接于前后引导部件123，使输出板121能够左右滑动。
第一喷嘴130向输出板121排出固体状态的生物材料1。固体生物材料1可为细丝(截面为圆形的金属丝)类型的高分子生物材料。第一喷嘴130设置于外壳110内部的作业空间。
图3是示出了图1所图示的第一喷嘴130以及第二喷嘴140的立体图。参考图3，第一喷嘴130包括流入口131和排出口132。流入口131位于第一喷嘴130上部，固体生物材料1注入于此。排出口132挤压并排出流入到流入口131的固体生物材料1。可在第一喷嘴130一侧提供风扇133，以便在第一喷嘴130进行挤压时防止超负荷。
如图2所示，由第一喷嘴130排出的固体生物材料1通常会由设置于作业空间一侧的卷绕部件134卷绕保存，在使用时，固体生物材料1以不会脱落的方式贯穿引导部件135，然后注入到流入口131。
提供于此的第一喷嘴130可为挤压机(extruder)喷嘴。作为一例，提供于此的挤压机喷嘴的排出口大小可以是0.2-0.4mm。第一喷嘴130的挤压方式可使用热塑性树脂挤压层叠方式(Fused Filament Fabrication)。
第二喷嘴140向输出板121排出流体状态的生物材料。提供于此的第二喷嘴140可为分配器(dispenser)喷嘴。
第二喷嘴140设置于外壳110内部的作业空间。参考图3，第二喷嘴140包括壳体141、隔热罩142及步进马达143。在壳体141保存流体状态的生物材料。壳体141可以注射器形态提供。
隔热罩142包围壳体141的外部，使对温度变化敏感的流体状态的生物材料热隔离于外部。
步进马达143在电信号控制下将壳体141从上部推动至底部，从而使流体状态的生物材料排出。步进马达143能够以1.5微米(micron)的分解度(以最小电信号移动的距离)移动。因此能够以1.5微米为单位阶段性排出流体状态的生物材料。作为一例，所提供的分配器喷嘴的排出口大小可以为0.05-0.8mm。因此，能够以1.5微米为单位排出如水凝胶的胶态的流体生物材料。
在第二喷嘴140底部可设置光源模块116。光源模块116可产生紫外线波长，用以固化光固化性流体状态的生物材料。作为一例，当从第二喷嘴140排出光固化性流体状态的生物材料时，可利用光源模块116使流体状态的生物材料在被排出的同时固化。因此，光源模块116可避免被排出的流体状态的生物材料塌掉。
控制部150控制第一喷嘴130及第二喷嘴140的排出。作为一例，第一喷嘴130用固体生物材料1以硬组织方式排出结构物的外部，第二喷嘴140用液体状态的生物材料填充结构物的内部。因此，结构物可被层叠成核壳(core-shell)结构。即，能够同时使用固体状态及液体状态的生物材料，将其混合层叠成一个结构物。控制部150控制下述温度调节部160。
图5是示出了根据本发明实施例的净化部件112以及通风部件115的立体图。参考图5，在外壳110的作业空间上部，可设置至少一个杀菌用净化部件112。此外，在外壳110的作业空间上部，可设置通风部件115，以使作业空间的内部空气进行循环。提供于此的净化部件112可为杀菌用UV灯。可在作业空间上部设置多个净化部件112。净化部件112可针对作业空间中的有害微生物进行杀菌。提供于此的通风部件115可使流入作业空间的空气保持洁净并避免有害微生物从作业空间向外部释放。提供于此的通风部件115可为高效微粒空气过滤器(HEPA Filter)。
图6是示出了根据本发明实施例的温度调节部160的图。参考图6，温度调节部160包括温度调节部外壳161、水槽162、帕尔贴部件163、加热部件164及导热板167。温度调节部160连接于外壳110，并调节输出板121以及第二喷嘴140中至少一个的温度。此种温度调节部160由控制部150控制。
温度调节部外壳161提供内部空间。温度调节部外壳161可由金属材质形成。作为一例，可由铝形成。
水槽162可保存冷却水。提供于此的水槽162在温度调节部外壳161的内部。
帕尔贴部件163可降低输出板121以及第二喷嘴140的温度。作为一例，可利用控制部150将输出板121以及第二喷嘴140的温度将至-10度。帕尔贴部件163接受电源供应装置(SMPS)的电源供应，其一面的温度上升时另一面的温度下降。帕尔贴部件163分别粘贴于输出板121和第二喷嘴140的一侧。接触于输出板121以及第二喷嘴140的各个帕尔贴部件163的端面为另一面。
加热部件164粘贴于输出板121的一侧。此外，加热部件164粘贴于第二喷嘴140的一侧。如上述，提供于此的加热部件164可为一对。加热部件164接受电源供应装置(SMPS)的电源供应，能够提高输出板121以及第二喷嘴140的温度。作为一例，可利用控制部150将输出板121以及第二喷嘴140的温度提高至80度。
导热板167分别粘贴于帕尔贴部件163以及加热部件164。各个导热板167将产生自帕尔贴部件163以及加热部件164的热能传导至输出板121以及第二喷嘴140。为提高热传导率，各个导热板167接触于输出板121以及第二喷嘴140的面积以大为佳。
温度调节部160包括移送部件165、泵166以及散热器。
移送部件165可将冷却水移送至帕尔贴部件163以及加热部件164。此时，泵166以及散热器能够调节所移送的冷却水的速度。
第二喷嘴140与帕尔贴部件163之间可具备导热固定部件124。导热固定部件124可将第二喷嘴140固定于外壳110一侧。导热固定部件124可将自温度调节部160传导的热能传导至第二喷嘴140。
以下对利用上述生物三维打印机100将流体状态的生物材料层叠成三维结构物的方法进行说明。
有生物材料“A”，其在常温下保持流体状态，并仅在设定温度范围内固化。为了利用“A”层叠出三维结构物，利用温度调节部160使注入有“A”的第二喷嘴140的温度保持常温。利用温度调节部160，将输出板121的温度保持所述特定温度。将注入到第二喷嘴140的生物材料“A”排出到处于所设定温度范围的输出板121。流体状态的生物材料“A”在被排出的同时在输出板121上固化，故可以层叠成三维结构物。如上所述，可将在所设定温度范围内固化或流体化的生物材料层叠成三维结构物。
如上所述，使用能够调节温度的输出板121以及第二喷嘴140，则可以将在所设定温度范围内硬化或流体化的各种生物材料用作三维结构物的材料。
就针对第二喷嘴140以及输出板121的温度调节功能而言，为向用户提供便利性，既可通过设置于外壳110上部的触摸屏114进行温度设定，还可与基于安卓的移动终端的连接而实现远程控制。
以上的详细说明是对本发明的示例。上述内容仅为对于本发明的优选实施方式的呈现和说明，而本发明可适用于各种其他组合、变更以及环境。即，可以在本说明书所公开的发明概念的范畴以内、在所叙述公开内容的等效范畴以内、及/或本领域技术或知识的范畴以内进行变换或修改。上述实施例旨在说明用于体现本发明技术思想的最佳状态，而本发明可按照具体运用领域及用途的要求进行各种变换。因此，以上对本发明的详细说明，并非旨在通过公开实施方式来限制本发明。此外，所附的权利要求书应解释为其包括其他实施方式。
附图标记说明：
1:固体生物材料
100:生物三维打印机
110:外壳
111:门
112:净化部件
113:温度计
114:触摸屏
115:通风部件
116:光源模块
120:工作台单元
121:输出板
122:结合部件
123:前后引导部件
124:左右引导部件
125:导热固定部件
130:第一喷嘴
131:流入口
132:排出口
133:风扇(FAN)
134:卷绕部件
135:引导部件
140:第二喷嘴
141:壳体
142:隔热罩
143:步进马达
150:控制部
160:温度调节部
161:温度调节部外壳
162:水槽
163:帕尔贴部件
164:加热部件
165:移送部件
166:泵
167:导热板

Claims (10)

1.一种生物三维打印机，其特征在于，包括：
外壳，其内部具有作业空间；
工作台单元，其设置于所述外壳内部，并具备上下左右滑动移动的输出板；
第一喷嘴，其设置于所述外壳内部，并向所述输出板排出固体状态的生物材料；
第二喷嘴，其设置于所述外壳内部，并向所述输出板排出流体状态的生物材料；以及
控制部，其控制所述第一喷嘴及所述第二喷嘴的排出，
使用所述第一喷嘴和所述第二喷嘴，将固体状态的生物材料和流体状态的生物材料层叠而输出一个结构物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物三维打印机，其特征在于，
所述生物三维打印机还包括连接于所述外壳的温度调节部，所述温度调节部调节所述输出板以及所述第二喷嘴中至少一个的温度，
所述控制部控制所述温度调节部。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生物三维打印机，其特征在于，
所述控制部构成为，通过所述温度调节部能够单独控制所述输出板以及所述第二喷嘴的温度。
4.根据权利要求2所述的生物三维打印机，其特征在于，
所述控制部构成为，能够单独控制所述第一喷嘴以及所述第二喷嘴。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的生物三维打印机，其特征在于，
所述控制部以阶段性排出流体状态的所述生物材料的方式控制所述第二喷嘴，
所述阶段性排出由连接于第二喷嘴的步进马达实现。
6.根据权利要求5所述的生物三维打印机，其特征在于，
所述生物三维打印机还包括隔热罩，
所述隔热罩包围所述第二喷嘴的外部，并对所述第二喷嘴进行隔热。
7.根据权利要求6所述的生物三维打印机，其特征在于，
所述温度调节部包括：
水槽，其保存冷却水；
帕尔贴部件，其一面的温度上升时另一面的温度下降；以及
加热部件，其提高所述输出板和所述第二喷嘴的温度。
8.根据权利要求7所述的生物三维打印机，其特征在于，
所述温度调节部还包括：
移送部件，其使所述冷却水接触于所述帕尔贴部件；以及
泵，其移送所述冷却水，
所述帕尔贴部件分别粘贴于所述输出板和所述第二喷嘴，并降低所述输出板和所述第二喷嘴的温度。
9.根据权利要求1所述的生物三维打印机，其特征在于，
所述外壳具备开放或封闭所述作业空间的门。
10.根据权利要求1所述的生物三维打印机，其特征在于，
在所述外壳内部具备净化所述作业空间的净化部件。
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