CN109804962B - Water transfer method for healthy ecological aquaculture - Google Patents
Water transfer method for healthy ecological aquaculture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water transfer method for healthy ecological aquaculture, and belongs to the field of aquaculture. The water adjusting method comprises the steps of respectively and periodically using a water activating agent, a bottom modifying agent and a bacterium supplementing agent and applying one or more of a biological fermentation material, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate to adjust the culture water quality when the initial fish storage amount in the culture water body is below 250 kg/mu (including 250 kg/mu) and above 250 kg/mu; the breeding water transfer method can improve the feed reward of the fish; stress is reduced, and the immunity of aquatic animals is improved; the growth of the main cultured fishes is improved by 5 to 10 percent; the dosage of the pesticide for killing insects, sterilizing and the like is reduced by 20-30%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water transfer method for healthy ecological aquaculture, and belongs to the field of aquaculture.
Background
At present, the aquaculture yield of China accounts for about 71 percent of the total aquaculture yield of the world; the growth rate of the aquaculture industry in china already accounts for 60% of the growth rate of aquaculture in the whole world; china is the only country in the world today where the aquaculture yield exceeds the fishing capacity. In order to avoid polluting the water area environment and ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry, the aquaculture industry in China is changed from a quantitative type to a quality benefit type, and the ultrahigh-density intensive industrial aquaculture is the main development direction.
With the rapid development of aquaculture industry, the scale of intensive industrial aquaculture is gradually enlarged. Because people throw bait excessively and some phosphorus and other nutrient-rich substances which easily cause water bloom and red tide are discharged unreasonably, and meanwhile, the accumulation of organic substances such as excrement, residual bait and the like causes the accumulation of toxic substances such as ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and the like in water, the water quality of the aquaculture water is reduced and even worsened, and a large amount of morbidity and mortality of aquaculture animals are caused. The water quality is the basis and foundation of aquaculture, and directly influences the aquaculture quality, benefit and even success or failure of production. How to realize sustainable development of aquaculture is a common concern for governments, enterprises, environmental workers and aquaculture workers. Therefore, the ecological problems of the aquaculture industry in China at present become the problems that people must carefully study and spend great effort to solve. Therefore, the research on the water transfer method for healthy and ecological aquaculture is significant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a water regulating method for healthy and ecological aquaculture, and effectively solves the problems of material conversion efficiency and cost of a pond ecosystem, particularly the problems of heavy pollution, water quality aging, low material conversion efficiency and the like in the middle and later stages of aquaculture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical means:
a water transfer method for healthy ecological aquaculture is characterized in that:
when the initial fish amount in the aquaculture water body is below 250 kg/mu (including 250 kg/mu), the aquaculture water adjusting method comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting water in the culture period of 3-6 months: 1 time of the water activating agent is used on the day of feeding bait from the first time in 3 months, and 1 time of the water activating agent is used at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu each time; applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time from 15 th to 20 th days after the current day of bait feeding, and then applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time every 20 to 30 days, wherein the amount of the bottom modifying agent applied for each time is 120-200 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 10-15 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 10-15 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
(2) adjusting water in the culture period of 7-9 months: the water activating agent is used for 1 time respectively at the beginning of 7 months and at the beginning of 9 months, and the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu each time; applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time from 15 th to 20 th days after the bottom modifying agent is used for the last time in 6 months, and then applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time every 15 th to 20 th days, wherein the amount of the bottom modifying agent applied for each time is 240 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 15-20 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 20-30 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
(3) adjusting water in the culture period of 10-11 months: the water activating agent is used for 1 time at the beginning of 11 months, and the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu; applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time from the 10 th to 15 th days after the bottom modifying agent is used for the last time in 9 months, applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time, and then applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time every 10 to 15 days, wherein the amount of the bottom modifying agent applied for each time is 200-300 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 10-15 g/mu; and applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 15-20 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio in the water body is maintained at 8-15: 1.
And (II) when the initial fish storage amount in the aquaculture water body is higher than 250 kg/mu, the aquaculture water adjusting method comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting water in the culture period of 3-6 months: 1 time of the water activating agent is used on the day of feeding bait from the first time in 3 months, and 1 time of the water activating agent is used at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu each time; applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time from 15 th to 20 th days after the current day of bait feeding, and then applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time every 15 th to 20 th days, wherein the amount of the bottom modifying agent applied for each time is 120-200 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 10-15 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 10-15 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
(2) adjusting water in the culture period of 7-9 months: the water activating agent is used for 1 time respectively at the beginning of 7 months and at the beginning of 9 months, and the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu each time; starting from 15-20 days after the final use of the bottom-modifying agent in 6 months, applying the bottom-modifying agent for 1 time, and then applying the bottom-modifying agent for 1 time every 10-15 days, wherein the amount of the bottom-modifying agent applied in each time is 240 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 15-20 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 20-30 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
(3) adjusting water in the culture period of 10-11 months: the water activating agent is used for 1 time at the beginning of 11 months, and the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu; applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time from the 10 th to 15 th days after the bottom modifying agent is used for the last time in 9 months, applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time, and then applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time every 10 to 15 days, wherein the amount of the bottom modifying agent applied for each time is 200-300 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 10-15 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 20-30 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
the preparation method of the water activating agent comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing humic acid and active carbon according to the mass ratio of 5-8:3-5 for later use;
2) uniformly mixing the nano zeolite powder, the yeast iron and the aluminum oxide according to the mass ratio of 1-2:1-3:8-10 for later use;
3) uniformly mixing the substances obtained in the steps 1) and 2) according to the mass ratio of 5-8:2-3 to obtain a compound, adding mannan-oligosaccharide, wherein the addition amount of the mannan-oligosaccharide is 10-15% of the mass of the compound, uniformly stirring, carrying out water bath treatment at 60 ℃ for 1h, then adding xanthan gum, the addition amount of the xanthan gum is 10-12% of the mass of the compound, uniformly stirring, carrying out water bath treatment at 100 ℃ for 10min, die-casting into blocks, and drying in the shade;
the preparation method of the bottom modifying agent comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing calcium peroxide and potassium peroxymonosulfate composite salt according to the mass ratio of 1-2:3-5 for later use;
2) adding 85% ethanol solution into the plant source bactericide according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:2, and uniformly stirring to obtain plant source bactericide solution for later use;
the botanical fungicide comprises a cumin extract, a litsea cubeba extract, a radix sophorae flavescentis extract and a herba lycopi extract; the preparation method of the botanical fungicide comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing cumin, litsea cubeba, radix sophorae flavescentis and herba lycopi according to the mass ratio of 3-5:1-2:1-2:4-6, sieving with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain composite plant powder, adding 75% ethanol into the reciprocating composite plant powder according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 30min at the ultrasonic temperature of 45 ℃ and the ultrasonic power of 200-240W, filtering after ultrasonic extraction is finished, and carrying out vacuum drying on filtrate to obtain the plant-derived bactericide;
3) mixing the obtained product in the step 1) with glyceryl monostearate according to a mass ratio of 10-12: 1, uniformly stirring, adding a plant source bactericide solution, wherein the adding amount of the plant source bactericide solution is 3-5 times of the mass of the product obtained in the step 1), uniformly stirring, carrying out water bath treatment for 1 hour at the temperature of 60 ℃, carrying out vacuum drying, carrying out die casting to form blocks, and drying in the shade;
the preparation method of the bacteria supplementing agent comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing lactobacillus powder, actinomycete powder, bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus natto powder and enterococcus lactis powder according to the mass ratio of 1-2:2-4:3-5:1-2:1-2 to obtain composite powder, wherein the viable count of the lactobacillus powder is 1.2 multiplied by 108cfu/g, viable count in actinomycete powder is 2.6 multiplied by 106cfu/g, the number of viable bacteria in the bacillus subtilis powder is 1.5 multiplied by 108cfu/g, the number of viable bacteria in the bacillus natto powder is 2.0 multiplied by 106cfu/g, viable count of enterococcus lactis powder is 2.0 × 108cfu/g；
2) Mixing the composite bacterial powder with soybean meal powder and apple pomace according to the mass ratio of 1-3:3-5:10-12 to obtain a fermented product, adding sterile water, wherein the addition amount of the sterile water is 10% of that of the fermented product, fermenting for 10 hours at 37 ℃, adding yeast, the addition amount of the yeast is 4-7% of that of the fermented product, continuing to ferment for 24 hours, drying at a low temperature of 30-40 ℃ after fermentation is finished, and then die-casting into blocks.
The preparation method of the fermentation raw material comprises the following steps: crushing rice bran, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve, adding water, uniformly mixing to make the water content of the rice bran reach 30-40% to obtain a fermentation substrate, adding composite fermentation bacteria powder into the fermentation substrate, uniformly mixing, wherein the adding amount of the composite fermentation bacteria powder is 0.5-1.0% of the mass of the fermentation substrate, sealing, fermenting for 48-60h, and drying at low temperature after fermentation is finished to obtain a fermentation raw material; the composite zymophyte powder consists of lactobacillus powder, saccharomycete powder, photosynthetic bacteria powder and actinomycete powder in a mass ratio of 1:1-2:1-3:1-2, wherein the viable count of the lactobacillus powder is 1.5 multiplied by 106cfu/g, viable count of 2.5 multiplied by 10 in saccharomycete powder8cfu/g, the number of viable bacteria in photosynthetic bacteria powder is 4.0 multiplied by 106cfu/g, viable count in actinomycete powder is 1.2 multiplied by 107cfu/g。
The application method of the water activating agent comprises the following steps: after filling the water activating agent with gauze or a hollowed-out box, suspending the water activating agent in the culture water body;
the application method of the bottom modifying agent comprises the following steps: uniformly scattering the fertilizer on the culture water surface in a dry mode;
the application method of the bactericide comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the bacteria supplementing agent with 3-5% of brown sugar water according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:100-120, soaking for 3-4h, and uniformly splashing the bacteria supplementing agent on the culture water surface.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following prominent substantial effects:
1. the method can effectively solve the problem of utilization of most of surplus protein in the aquaculture water body, can effectively keep the species and the quantity of algae in the aquaculture water body by supplementing carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, further maintain the abundance of zooplankton taking the algae in the water body as a main nutrient source, keep the ecological balance of plankton in the water body, and simultaneously, because the bottom modifying agent in the method can effectively avoid killing zooplankton eggs, ensure the hatching rate of the eggs, and can reduce the damage to the water body ecosystem. Surplus protein and fish feces generated in the whole culture process are virtuous and cyclic utilized in a form of nutrient source, so that the environmental pollution pressure is relieved;
2. the culture method improves and fully utilizes the natural productivity of the pond, supplements the auxiliary productivity when the natural productivity is insufficient, has stable water quality and can obviously improve the benefit; the whole process of the culture method can improve the growth of the main cultured fishes by 5 to 10 percent and increase the yield of the filter-feeding fishes cultured secondarily by 20 to 50 percent;
3. by activating the maximum amount of substance, namely water, in the aquaculture water body ecosystem, the operation of the aquaculture water body ecosystem is accelerated, the ecological operation efficiency is higher and more stable, the method can improve the activity of the aquaculture water body, and the nuclear magnetic resonance half-width of water molecules can be reduced to 80-120Hz after the water activating agent is used;
4. the running water promotes the direct absorption and utilization of the feed, and the feed reward is improved; stress is reduced, and the immunity of aquatic animals is improved;
5. the running water promotes the direct decomposition of the feces and the residual bait and improves the conversion efficiency to algae zooplankton, the pollution is reduced, the natural bait is increased, the fish diseases are less, and the growth speed is fast; the dosage of the pesticide for single-time disinsection, disinfection and the like can be reduced by 20-30%.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Example 1
A water transfer method for healthy ecological aquaculture is characterized in that:
taking grass carp as a main fish farming mode and silver carp and bighead carp as an auxiliary fish farming mode as an example, the initial fish storage amount is about 148kg (about 1200 grass carp fries with the specification of about 90g, about 10 silver carp fries per mu and about 150 bighead carp fries per mu are thrown in each mu in the middle ten days of 3 months), the water body area of the farming is 15 mu, and the farming and water-adjusting method is that the farming and water-adjusting method comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting water in the culture period of 3-6 months: 1 time of the water activating agent is used on the day of feeding bait from 3 months to 20 days, and 1 time of the water activating agent is used again in 5 months to 10 days, wherein the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu each time; applying 1 bottom modifying agent on the 20 th day after the current day of bait feeding from 3 months and 20 days, and then applying 1 bottom modifying agent every 25 days, wherein the amount of the bottom modifying agent applied every time is 160 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 13 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 10-15 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
(2) adjusting water in the culture period of 7-9 months: the water activating agent is used for 1 time in 5 days in 7 months and 5 days in 9 months respectively, and the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu each time; applying the foundation modification agent 1 time from the 20 th day after the foundation modification agent is used for the last time in 6 months, and then applying the foundation modification agent 1 time every 18 days, wherein the amount of the foundation modification agent applied each time is 200 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 18 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 20-30 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
(3) adjusting water in the culture period of 10-11 months: the water activating agent is used for 1 time in 11 months and 5 days, and the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu; applying the foundation modification agent 1 time from the 15 th day after the last application of the foundation modification agent in 9 months, applying the foundation modification agent 1 time, and then applying the foundation modification agent 1 time every 13 days, wherein the amount of the foundation modification agent applied in each time is 250 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 13 g/mu; and applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 15-20 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio in the water body is maintained at 8-15: 1.
The preparation method of the water activating agent comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing humic acid and active carbon according to the mass ratio of 5:3 for later use;
2) uniformly mixing the nano zeolite powder, the yeast iron and the aluminum oxide according to the mass ratio of 1:1:8 for later use;
3) uniformly mixing the substances obtained in the steps 1) and 2) according to the mass ratio of 5:2 to obtain a compound, adding mannan-oligosaccharide, wherein the addition amount of the mannan-oligosaccharide is 10% of the mass of the compound, uniformly stirring, carrying out water bath treatment at 60 ℃ for 1h, then adding xanthan gum, wherein the addition amount of the xanthan gum is 10% of the mass of the compound, uniformly stirring, carrying out water bath treatment at 100 ℃ for 10min, carrying out die casting to obtain blocks, and drying in the shade;
the preparation method of the bottom modifying agent comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing calcium peroxide and potassium peroxymonosulfate composite salt according to the mass ratio of 1:3 for later use;
2) adding 85% ethanol solution into the plant source bactericide according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:2, and uniformly stirring to obtain plant source bactericide solution for later use;
the botanical fungicide comprises a cumin extract, a litsea cubeba extract, a radix sophorae flavescentis extract and a herba lycopi extract; the preparation method of the botanical fungicide comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing cumin, litsea cubeba, radix sophorae flavescentis and herba lycopi according to the mass ratio of 3:1:1:4, sieving with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain composite plant powder, adding 75% ethanol into the reciprocating composite plant powder according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 30min at the ultrasonic temperature of 45 ℃ and the ultrasonic power of 200W, filtering after ultrasonic extraction, and carrying out vacuum drying on filtrate to obtain the plant-derived bactericide;
3) mixing the obtained product in the step 1) with glyceryl monostearate according to a mass ratio of 10: 1, uniformly stirring, adding a plant source bactericide solution, wherein the adding amount of the plant source bactericide solution is 3 times of the mass of the product obtained in the step 1), uniformly stirring, carrying out water bath treatment for 1 hour at the temperature of 60 ℃, carrying out vacuum drying, die-casting into blocks, and drying in the shade;
the preparation method of the bacteria supplementing agent comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing lactobacillus powder, actinomycete powder, bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus natto powder and enterococcus lactis powder according to the mass ratio of 1:2:3:1:1 to obtain composite powder, wherein the viable count of the lactobacillus powder is 1.2 multiplied by 108cfu/g, viable count in actinomycete powder is 2.6 multiplied by 106cfu/g, the number of viable bacteria in the bacillus subtilis powder is 1.5 multiplied by 108cfu/g, the number of viable bacteria in the bacillus natto powder is 2.0 multiplied by 106cfu/g, viable count of enterococcus lactis powder is 2.0 × 108cfu/g；
2) Mixing the composite bacterial powder with soybean meal and apple pomace according to the mass ratio of 1:3:10 to obtain a fermented product, adding sterile water, wherein the addition amount of the sterile water is 10% of that of the fermented product, fermenting for 10 hours at 37 ℃, adding yeast, wherein the addition amount of the yeast is 4% of that of the fermented product, continuing to ferment for 24 hours, drying at a low temperature of 30 ℃ after fermentation is finished, and then die-casting into blocks.
The preparation method of the fermentation raw material comprises the following steps: crushing rice bran, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve, adding water, uniformly mixing to enable the water content in the rice bran to reach 35% to obtain a fermentation substrate, adding composite fermentation bacteria powder into the fermentation substrate, uniformly mixing, wherein the adding amount of the composite fermentation bacteria powder is 0.8% of the mass of the fermentation substrate, sealing, fermenting for 54h, and drying at low temperature after fermentation is finished to obtain a fermentation raw material; the composite zymophyte powder consists of lactobacillus powder, saccharomycete powder, photosynthetic bacteria powder and actinomycete powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5:2:1.5, wherein the viable count of the lactobacillus powder is 1.5 multiplied by 106cfu/g, viable count of 2.5 multiplied by 10 in saccharomycete powder8cfu/g, the number of viable bacteria in photosynthetic bacteria powder is 4.0 multiplied by 106cfu/g, viable count in actinomycete powder is 1.2 multiplied by 107cfu/g。
The application method of the water activating agent comprises the following steps: after filling the water activating agent with gauze or a hollowed-out box, suspending the water activating agent in the culture water body;
the application method of the bottom modifying agent comprises the following steps: uniformly scattering the fertilizer on the culture water surface in a dry mode;
the application method of the bactericide comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the bactericide and 3% brown sugar water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:100, soaking for 3h, and uniformly splashing the bactericide on the culture water surface.
Example 2
A water transfer method for healthy ecological aquaculture is characterized in that:
taking a grass carp as a main fish culture mode and a silver carp and bighead carp as an auxiliary fish culture mode as an example, the initial fish storage amount is about 280kg (about 150g of grass carp fry with the specification of about 1500 tails, about 250g of silver carp about 20 tails per mu and about 250g of bighead carp about 200 tails per mu are thrown in the middle ten days of 3 months), the culture water area is 15 mu, and the culture water adjusting method comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting water in the culture period of 3-6 months: 1 time of the water activating agent is used on the day of feeding bait from 3 months to 20 days, and 1 time of the water activating agent is used again in 5 months to 10 days, wherein the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu each time; applying the foundation modification agent for 1 time from the 15 th day after the current day of bait feeding, and then applying the foundation modification agent for 1 time every 15 days, wherein the amount of the foundation modification agent applied for each time is 180 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 15 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 10-15 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
(2) adjusting water in the culture period of 7-9 months: the water activating agent is used for 1 time in 5 days in 7 months and 5 days in 9 months respectively, and the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu each time; applying the foundation modification agent for 1 time from the 15 th day after the foundation modification agent is used for the last time in 6 months, and then applying the foundation modification agent for 1 time every 10 days, wherein the amount of the foundation modification agent applied for each time is 220 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 18 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 20-30 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
(3) adjusting water in the culture period of 10-11 months: the water activating agent is used for 1 time in 11 months and 5 days, and the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu; applying the foundation modification agent 1 time from the 10 th day after the last application of the foundation modification agent in 9 months, applying the foundation modification agent 1 time, and then applying the foundation modification agent 1 time every 10 days, wherein the amount of the foundation modification agent applied in each time is 250 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 14 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 20-30 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
the preparation method of the water activating agent comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing humic acid and active carbon according to the mass ratio of 8:5 for later use;
2) uniformly mixing the nano zeolite powder, the yeast iron and the aluminum oxide according to the mass ratio of 2:3:10 for later use;
3) uniformly mixing the substances obtained in the steps 1) and 2) according to the mass ratio of 8:3 to obtain a compound, adding mannan oligosaccharide, wherein the addition amount of the mannan oligosaccharide is 15% of the mass of the compound, uniformly stirring, carrying out water bath treatment at 60 ℃ for 1h, then adding xanthan gum, the addition amount of the xanthan gum is 12% of the mass of the compound, uniformly stirring, carrying out water bath treatment at 100 ℃ for 10min, die-casting into blocks, and drying in the shade;
the preparation method of the bottom modifying agent comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing calcium peroxide and potassium peroxymonosulfate composite salt according to the mass ratio of 2:5 for later use;
2) adding 85% ethanol solution into the plant source bactericide according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:2, and uniformly stirring to obtain plant source bactericide solution for later use;
the botanical fungicide comprises a cumin extract, a litsea cubeba extract, a radix sophorae flavescentis extract and a herba lycopi extract; the preparation method of the botanical fungicide comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing cumin, litsea cubeba, radix sophorae flavescentis and herba lycopi according to the mass ratio of 5:2:2:6, sieving with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain composite plant powder, adding 75% ethanol into the reciprocating composite plant powder according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 30min at the ultrasonic temperature of 45 ℃ and the ultrasonic power of 240W, filtering after ultrasonic extraction, and carrying out vacuum drying on filtrate to obtain the plant-derived bactericide;
3) mixing the obtained product in the step 1) with glyceryl monostearate according to the mass ratio of 12: 1, uniformly stirring, adding a plant source bactericide solution, wherein the adding amount of the plant source bactericide solution is 5 times of the mass of the product obtained in the step 1), uniformly stirring, carrying out water bath treatment for 1 hour at the temperature of 60 ℃, carrying out vacuum drying, die-casting into blocks, and drying in the shade;
the preparation method of the bacteria supplementing agent comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing lactobacillus powder, actinomycete powder, bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus natto powder and enterococcus lactis powder according to the mass ratio of 2:4:5:2:2 to obtain composite powder, wherein the viable count of the lactobacillus powder is 1.2 multiplied by 108cfu/g, viable count in actinomycete powder is 2.6 multiplied by 106cfu/g, the number of viable bacteria in the bacillus subtilis powder is 1.5 multiplied by 108cfu/g, the number of viable bacteria in the bacillus natto powder is 2.0 multiplied by 106cfu/g, viable count of enterococcus lactis powder is 2.0 × 108cfu/g；
2) Mixing the composite bacterial powder with soybean meal and apple pomace according to the mass ratio of 3:5:12 to obtain a fermented product, adding sterile water, wherein the addition amount of the sterile water is 10% of that of the fermented product, fermenting for 10 hours at 37 ℃, adding yeast, wherein the addition amount of the yeast is 7% of that of the fermented product, continuing to ferment for 24 hours, drying at low temperature of 40 ℃ after fermentation is finished, and then die-casting into blocks.
The preparation method of the fermentation raw material comprises the following steps: crushing rice bran, sieving the rice bran with a 40-mesh sieve, adding water, uniformly mixing to enable the water content in the rice bran to reach 40% to obtain a fermentation substrate, adding composite fermentation bacteria powder into the fermentation substrate, uniformly mixing, wherein the adding amount of the composite fermentation bacteria powder is 1.0% of the mass of the fermentation substrate, sealing, fermenting for 60 hours, and drying at a low temperature after fermentation is finished to obtain a fermentation raw material; the composite zymophyte powder consists of lactobacillus powder, saccharomycete powder, photosynthetic bacteria powder and actinomycete powder according to the mass ratio of 1:2:3:2, wherein the number of viable bacteria in the lactobacillus powder is 1.5 multiplied by 106cfu/g, viable count of 2.5 multiplied by 10 in saccharomycete powder8cfu/g, the number of viable bacteria in photosynthetic bacteria powder is 4.0 multiplied by 106cfu/g, viable count in actinomycete powder is 1.2 multiplied by 107cfu/g。
The application method of the water activating agent comprises the following steps: after filling the water activating agent with gauze or a hollowed-out box, suspending the water activating agent in the culture water body;
the application method of the bottom modifying agent comprises the following steps: uniformly scattering the fertilizer on the culture water surface in a dry mode;
the application method of the bactericide comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the bacteria supplementing agent and 5% brown sugar water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:120, soaking for 4h, and uniformly splashing the bacteria supplementing agent on the culture water surface.
The specific test effect is as follows:
the test is carried out in a certain cultivation base in Yichun in Jiangxi, the pond areas of a control group and a test group are 15 mu, grass carp is mainly cultured, silver carp and bighead carp are auxiliarily cultured, the cultivation ponds are provided with 1200 grass carp fries with about 90g, 10 silver carp fries with about 250g and 150 bighead carp fries with about 250g per mu of water in middle ten days of 3 months, and the initial fish stock is about 148 kg. Feeding the feed from 20 days after 3 months, adjusting the water of the test group according to the cultivation water adjusting method of the example 1, and adjusting the water of the control group by adopting a conventional cultivation water adjusting method; the test was terminated by day 15, 11 months. After fishing, the yield, the survival rate and the feed conversion ratio of the grass carp are counted, and after 24 hours and 72 hours of the test group applying the water activating agent each time, a water sample is taken to measure the aquaculture water body17O NMR signal half-width, sampling at the same time of the test group, and determining culture water body of the control group17O NMR signal half width. Specific results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
The detection basis and method for the water body activation effect are as follows: according to the general rule of the method of the Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the ultrasonic pulse transduction of JY/T007-1996, the water quality of a test group is determined after the water activating agent is added for 24 hours and 72 hours17Change in half width of O NMR signal. The detection instrument is an AVANCE III HD 500 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer.
TABLE 1 Fish growth and production index conditions of control group and test group
As can be seen from Table 1, at the end of the test, the yields of grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp in the test groups are respectively improved by 26.67%, 12.50% and 121.43% compared with the control group; the survival rates of grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp in the test group are respectively improved by 6.35%, 4.57% and 10.11% compared with those in the control group, while the feed conversion rate of grass carp in the test group is reduced by 7.14% compared with that in the control group, and the frequency of the disinfection and pesticide application is reduced by 66.7%.
TABLE 2 quality of culture water in control group and experimental group17O NMR Signal half Width Change
As can be seen from Table 2, the test groups were cultured in a water body17The half-width of the O NMR signal is always maintained between 88 Hz and 114Hz, and the control group is cultured in the culture water body17The half-widths of the O NMR signals were substantially all above 250 Hz. The water transfer method for aquaculture can effectively activate aquaculture water, improve aquaculture yield, improve fish survival rate, improve digestion and utilization rate of feed, reduce the frequency of application of disinfection and pesticides and improve the overall aquaculture benefit.
Claims (2)
1. A water transfer method for healthy ecological aquaculture is characterized in that:
when the initial fish amount in the aquaculture water body is below 250 kg/mu (including 250 kg/mu), the aquaculture water adjusting method comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting water in the culture period of 3-6 months: 1 time of the water activating agent is used on the day of feeding bait from the first time in 3 months, and 1 time of the water activating agent is used at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu each time; applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time from 15 th to 20 th days after the current day of bait feeding, and then applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time every 20 to 30 days, wherein the amount of the bottom modifying agent applied for each time is 120-200 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 10-15 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 10-15 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
(2) adjusting water in the culture period of 7-9 months: the water activating agent is used for 1 time respectively at the beginning of 7 months and at the beginning of 9 months, and the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu each time; applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time from 15 th to 20 th days after the bottom modifying agent is used for the last time in 6 months, and then applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time every 15 th to 20 th days, wherein the amount of the bottom modifying agent applied for each time is 240 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 15-20 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 20-30 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
(3) adjusting water in the culture period of 10-11 months: the water activating agent is used for 1 time at the beginning of 11 months, and the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu; applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time from the 10 th to 15 th days after the bottom modifying agent is used for the last time in 9 months, applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time, and then applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time every 10 to 15 days, wherein the amount of the bottom modifying agent applied for each time is 200-300 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 10-15 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 15-20 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
and (II) when the initial fish storage amount in the aquaculture water body is higher than 250 kg/mu, the aquaculture water adjusting method comprises the following steps:
(1) adjusting water in the culture period of 3-6 months: 1 time of the water activating agent is used on the day of feeding bait from the first time in 3 months, and 1 time of the water activating agent is used at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu each time; applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time from 15 th to 20 th days after the current day of bait feeding, and then applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time every 15 th to 20 th days, wherein the amount of the bottom modifying agent applied for each time is 120-200 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 10-15 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 10-15 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
(2) adjusting water in the culture period of 7-9 months: the water activating agent is used for 1 time respectively at the beginning of 7 months and at the beginning of 9 months, and the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu each time; starting from 15-20 days after the final use of the bottom-modifying agent in 6 months, applying the bottom-modifying agent for 1 time, and then applying the bottom-modifying agent for 1 time every 10-15 days, wherein the amount of the bottom-modifying agent applied in each time is 240 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 15-20 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 20-30 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
(3) adjusting water in the culture period of 10-11 months: the water activating agent is used for 1 time at the beginning of 11 months, and the using amount of the water activating agent is 200 g/mu; applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time from the 10 th to 15 th days after the bottom modifying agent is used for the last time in 9 months, applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time, and then applying the bottom modifying agent for 1 time every 10 to 15 days, wherein the amount of the bottom modifying agent applied for each time is 120-200 g/mu; and applying the bacterium supplementing agent for 1 time every 2 days after applying the bottom modifying agent every time, wherein the amount of the bacterium supplementing agent applied every time is 10-15 g/mu; applying one or more of biological fermentation materials, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium bicarbonate every 20-30 days according to the water body condition, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the water body is maintained at 2-4:1, and the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is maintained at 8-15: 1;
the preparation method of the water activating agent comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing humic acid and active carbon according to the mass ratio of 8:5 for later use;
2) uniformly mixing the nano zeolite powder, the yeast iron and the aluminum oxide according to the mass ratio of 2:3:10 for later use;
3) uniformly mixing the substances obtained in the steps 1) and 2) according to the mass ratio of 8:3 to obtain a compound, adding mannan oligosaccharide, wherein the addition amount of the mannan oligosaccharide is 15% of the mass of the compound, uniformly stirring, carrying out water bath treatment at 60 ℃ for 1h, then adding xanthan gum, the addition amount of the xanthan gum is 12% of the mass of the compound, uniformly stirring, carrying out water bath treatment at 100 ℃ for 10min, die-casting into blocks, and drying in the shade;
the preparation method of the bottom modifying agent comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing calcium peroxide and potassium peroxymonosulfate composite salt according to the mass ratio of 2:5 for later use;
2) adding 85% ethanol solution into the plant source bactericide according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:2, and uniformly stirring to obtain plant source bactericide solution for later use;
the botanical fungicide comprises a cumin extract, a litsea cubeba extract, a radix sophorae flavescentis extract and a herba lycopi extract; the preparation method of the botanical fungicide comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing cumin, litsea cubeba, radix sophorae flavescentis and herba lycopi according to the mass ratio of 5:2:2:6, sieving with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain composite plant powder, adding 75% ethanol into the reciprocating composite plant powder according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 30min at the ultrasonic temperature of 45 ℃ and the ultrasonic power of 240W, filtering after ultrasonic extraction, and carrying out vacuum drying on filtrate to obtain the plant-derived bactericide;
3) mixing the obtained product in the step 1) with glyceryl monostearate according to the mass ratio of 12: 1, uniformly stirring, adding a plant source bactericide solution, wherein the adding amount of the plant source bactericide solution is 5 times of the mass of the product obtained in the step 1), uniformly stirring, carrying out water bath treatment for 1 hour at the temperature of 60 ℃, carrying out vacuum drying, die-casting into blocks, and drying in the shade;
the preparation method of the bacteria supplementing agent comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing lactobacillus powder, actinomycete powder, bacillus subtilis powder, bacillus natto powder and enterococcus lactis powder according to the mass ratio of 2:4:5:2:2 to obtain composite powder, wherein the viable count of the lactobacillus powder is 1.2 multiplied by 108cfu/g, viable count in actinomycete powder is 2.6 multiplied by 106cfu/g, the number of viable bacteria in the bacillus subtilis powder is 1.5 multiplied by 108cfu/g, the number of viable bacteria in the bacillus natto powder is 2.0 multiplied by 106cfu/g, viable count of enterococcus lactis powder is 2.0 × 108cfu/g；
2) Mixing the composite bacterial powder with soybean meal and apple pomace according to a mass ratio of 3:5:12 to obtain a fermented product, adding sterile water, wherein the addition amount of the sterile water is 10% of that of the fermented product, fermenting for 10 hours at 37 ℃, adding yeast, wherein the addition amount of the yeast is 7% of that of the fermented product, continuing to ferment for 24 hours, drying at a low temperature of 40 ℃ after the fermentation is finished, and then die-casting into blocks;
the preparation method of the fermentation raw material comprises the following steps: pulverizing testa oryzae, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, adding water, mixing to make water content in testa oryzae reach 30-40% to obtain fermentation substrate, adding composite zymophyte powder into the fermentation substrate, mixing well, the adding amount of the composite zymophyte powder is 0.5-1.0% of the mass of the fermentation substrate, sealing and fermenting for 48-60 hr, after fermentation,drying at low temperature to obtain fermented raw materials; the composite zymophyte powder consists of lactobacillus powder, saccharomycete powder, photosynthetic bacteria powder and actinomycete powder in a mass ratio of 1:1-2:1-3:1-2, wherein the viable count of the lactobacillus powder is 1.5 multiplied by 106cfu/g, viable count of 2.5 multiplied by 10 in saccharomycete powder8cfu/g, the number of viable bacteria in photosynthetic bacteria powder is 4.0 multiplied by 106cfu/g, viable count in actinomycete powder is 1.2 multiplied by 107cfu/g。
2. The water transfer method for healthy and ecological aquaculture according to claim 1, characterized in that: the application method of the water activating agent comprises the following steps: after filling the water activating agent with gauze or a hollowed-out box, suspending the water activating agent in the culture water body;
the application method of the bottom modifying agent comprises the following steps: uniformly scattering the fertilizer on the culture water surface in a dry mode;
the application method of the bactericide comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the bacteria supplementing agent with 3-5% of brown sugar water according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1:100-120, soaking for 3-4h, and uniformly splashing the bacteria supplementing agent on the culture water surface.
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